References
- Acevedo, A., Loewenstein, D. A., Barker, W. W., Harwood, D. G., Luis, C., Bravo, M., Hurwitz, D. A., Aguero, H., Greenfield, L., & Duara, R. (2000). Category fluency test: Normative data for English- and Spanish-speaking elderly. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 6(7), 760–769. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/s1355617700677032
- Aiken, L. S., West, S. G., & Reno, R. R. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Sage Publications.
- Alegret, M., Espinosa, A., Vinyes-Junque, G., Valero, S., Hernandez, I., Tarraga, L., Becker, J. T., & Boada, M. (2012). Normative data of a brief neuropsychological battery for Spanish individuals older than 49. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 34(2), 209–219. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2011.630652
- Aranciva, F., Casals-Coll, M., Sánchez-Benavides, G., Quintana, M., Manero, R. M., Rognoni, T., Calvo, L., Palomo, R., Tamayo, F., & Peña-Casanova, J. (2012). Spanish normative studies in a young adult population (NEURONORMA young adults project): Norms for the Boston Naming Test and the Token Test. Neurología, 27(7), 394–399. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nrleng.2011.12.010
- Ardila, A., & Moreno, S. (2001). Neuropsychological test performance in Aruaco Indians: An exploratory study. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 7(4), 510–515. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/s1355617701004076
- Au, R., Joung, P., Nicholas, M., Obler, L. K., Kass, R., & Albert, M. L. (1995). Naming ability across the adult life span. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 2(4), 300–311. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13825589508256605
- Auriacombe, S., Fabrigoule, C., Lafont, S., Amieva, H., Jacqmin Gadda, H., & Dartigues, J. F. (2001). Letter and category fluency in normal elderly participants: A population-based study. Aging, Neuropsychology and Cognition, 8(2), 98–108. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1076/anec.8.2.98.841
- Balthazar, M. L. F., Cendes, F., & Damasceno, B. P. (2008). Semantic error patterns on the Boston Naming Test in normal aging, amnestic mild cognitive impairment, and mild Alzheimer’s disease: Is there semantic disruption? Neuropsychology, 22(6), 703–709. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012919
- Barker-Collo, S. L. (2001). The 60-item Boston Naming Test: Cultural bias and possible adaptations for New Zealand. Aphasiology, 15(1), 85–92. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02687040042000124
- Barry, D., Bates, M. E., & Labouvie, E. (2008). FAS and CFL forms of verbal fluency differ in difficulty: A meta-analytic study. Applied Neuropsychology, 15(2), 97–106. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09084280802083863
- Benito-Cuadrado, M. M., Esteba-Castillo, S., Bohm, P., Cejudo-Bolivar, J., & Peña-Casanova, J. (2002). Semantic verbal fluency of animals: A normative and predictive study in a Spanish population. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 24(8), 1117–1122. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1076/jcen.24.8.1117.8376
- Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107(2), 238–246. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238
- Benton, A. L. & Hamsher , (1989). Multilingual aphasia examination. AJA Associates.
- Boone, K. B. (1999). Neuropsychological assessment of executive functions: Impact of age, education, gender, intellectual level, and vascular status on executive test scores. In B. L. Miller & J. L. Cummings (Eds.), The human frontal lobes: Functions and disorders. (pp. 247–260). Guilford.
- Boone, K. B., Victor, T. L., Wen, J., Razani, J., & Pontón, M. (2007). The association between neuropsychological scores and ethnicity, language, and acculturation variables in a large patient population. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 22(3), 355–365. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acn.2007.01.010
- Brady, C. B., Spiro, A., III, McGlinchey-Berroth, R., Milberg, W., & Gaziano, J. M. (2001). Stroke risk predicts verbal fluency decline in healthy older men: Evidence from the normative aging study. The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 56(6), P340–P346. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/56.6.p340
- Brickman, A. M., Paul, R. H., Cohen, R. A., Williams, L. M., MacGregor, K. L., Jefferson, A. L., Tate, D. F., Gunstad, J., & Gordon, E. (2005). Category and letter verbal fluency across the adult lifespan: Relationship to EEG theta power. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology: The Official Journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists, 20(5), 561–573. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acn.2004.12.006
- Buriel, Y., Gramunt Fombuena, N., Böhm, P., Rodés, E., & Peña-Casanova, J. (2004). Fluencia verbal. Estudio normative piloto en una muestra española de adultos jóvenes (20 a 49 años). Neurología, 19(4), 153–159.
- Butman, J., Allegri, R. F., Harris, P., & Drake, M. (2000). Spanish verbal fluency test. Normative data in Argentina. Medicina, 60(5), 561–564.
- Capitani, E., Laiacona, M., & Barbarotto, R. (1999). Gender affects word retrieval of certain categories in semantic fluency tasks. Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior, 35(2), 273–278. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/s0010-9452(08)70800-1
- Casals-Coll, M., Sánchez-Benavides, G., Quintana, M., Manero, R. M., Rognoni, T., Calvo, L., Palomo, R., Aranciva, F., Tamayo, F., & Pena-Casanova, J. (2013). Spanish normative studies in young adults (NEURONORMA young adults project): Norms for verbal fluency tests. Neurología, 28(1), 33–40. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nrleng.2012.02.003
- Cavaco, S., Gonçalves, A., Pinto, C., Almeida, E., Gomes, F., Moreira, I., Fernandes, J., & Teixeira-Pinto, A. (2013). Semantic fluency and phonemic fluency: Regression-based norms for the Portuguese population. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 28(3), 262–271. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/act001
- Chávez-Oliveros, M., Rodríguez-Agudelo, Y., Acosta-Castillo, I., García-Ramírez, N., de la Torre, G. R., & Sosa-Ortiz, A. L. (2015). Semantic verbal fluency in elderly Mexican adults: Reference values. Neurología, 30(4), 189–194. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nrl.2013.12.013
- Chosak Reiter, J. (2000). Measuring cognitive processes underlying picture naming in Alzheimer’s and cerebrovascular dementia: A general processing tree approach. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 22(3), 351–369. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1076/1380-3395(200006)22:3;1-V;FT351
- Clark, L. J., Gatz, M., Zheng, L., Chen, Y. L., McCleary, C., & Mack, W. J. (2009). Longitudinal verbal fluency in normal aging, preclinical, and prevalent Alzheimer’s disease. American Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease & Other Dementiasr, 24(6), 461–468. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1533317509345154
- de Picciotto, J., & Friedland, D. (2001). Verbal fluency in elderly bilingual speakers: Normative data and preliminary application to Alzheimer’s disease. Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica, 53(3), 145–152. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1159/000052669
- Egeland, J., Landrø, N. I., Tjemsland, E., & Walbaekken, K. (2006). Norwegian norms and factor-structure of phonemic and semantic word list generation. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 20(4), 716–728. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13854040500351008
- Elkadi, S., Clark, M. S., Dennerstein, L., Guthrie, J. R., Bowden, S. C., & Henderson, V. W. (2006). Normative data for Australian midlife women on category fluency and a short form of the Boston Naming Test. Australian Psychologist, 41(1), 43–47. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00050060500421642
- Fernández-Blázquez, M. A., Ruiz-Sánchez de León, J. M., López- Pina, J. A., Llanero-Luque, M., Montenegro-Peña, M., & Montejo-Carrasco, P. (2012). Nueva versión reducida del test de denominación de Boston para mayores de 65 años: Aproximación desde la teoría de respuesta al ítem [A new shortened version of the Boston Naming Test for those aged over 65: An approach from item response theory]. Revista de Neurologia, 55(7), 399–407. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33588/rn.5507.2012075
- Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975). “Mini-mental state”: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12(3), 189–198. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6
- Fox, J. (2005). Getting started with the R commander: A basic-statistics graphical user interface to R. Journal of Statistical Software, 14(9), 1–42. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v014.i09
- Gardini, S., Cuetos, F., Fasano, F., Pellegrini, F. F., Marchi, M., Venneri, A., & Caffarra, P. (2013). Brain structural substrates of semantic memory decline in mild cognitive impairment. Current Alzheimer Research, 10(4), 373–389. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2174/1567205011310040004.
- Gladsjo, J. A., Schuman, C. C., Evans, J. D., Peavy, G. M., Miller, S. W., & Heaton, R. K. (1999). Norms for letter and category fluency: Demographic corrections for age, education, and ethnicity. Assessment, 6(2), 147–178. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/107319119900600204
- Gleissner, U., & Elger, C. E. (2001). The hippocampal contribution to verbal fluency in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior, 37(1), 55–63. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70557-4
- Guàrdia-Olmos, J., Blanxart, M. F., Peró-Cebollero, M., & Turbany-Oset, J. (2007). Análisis de datos en psicología (1a ed.). Delta publicaciones.
- Hall, J. R., Vo, H. T., Johnson, L. A., Wiechmann, A., & O’Bryant, S. E. (2012). Boston Naming Test: Gender differences in older adults with and without Alzheimer’s dementia. Psychology, 03(06), 485–488. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2012.36068
- Harrison, J. E., Buxton, P., Husain, M., & Wise, R. (2000). Short test of semantic and phonological fluency: Normal performance, validity and test-retest reliability. The British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 39(2), 181–191. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1348/014466500163202
- Henry, J. D., & Crawford, J. R. (2004a). A meta-analytic review of verbal fluency performance following focal cortical lesions. Neuropsychology, 18(2), 284–295. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0894-4105.18.2.284
- Henry, J. D., & Crawford, J. R. (2004b). Verbal fluency deficits in Parkinson’s disease: A meta-analysis. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 10(4), 608–622. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617704104141
- Hochstenbach, J., Mulder, T., van Limbeek, J., Donders, R., & Schoonderwaldt, H. (1998). Cognitive decline following stroke: A comprehensive study of cognitive decline following stroke. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 20(4), 503–517. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1076/jcen.20.4.503.1471
- Hughes, D., & Bryan, J. (2002). Adult age differences in strategy use during verbal fluency performance. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 24(5), 642–654. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1076/jcen.24.5.642.1002
- IBM Corp. (2017). IBM SPSS statistics for Windows (Version 25). IBM Corp.
- Instituto Nacional de Estatística. (2012). Censos - Resultados definitivos. Portugal – 2011. https://bit.ly/2KQc5Wx
- Kaplan, E. F., Goodglass, H., & Weintraub, S. (1983). The Boston naming test (2nd ed.). Lea & Febiger.
- Kaplan, E., Goodglass, H., & Weintraub, S. (2005). Test de Vocabulario de Boston (2° Edición). Editorial Médica Paramericana.
- Kavé, G. (2005). Phonemic fluency, semantic fluency, and difference scores: Normative data for adult Hebrew speakers. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 27(6), 690–699. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13803390490918499
- Kavé, G., Heled, E., Vakil, E., & Agranov, E. (2011). Which verbal fluency measure is most useful in demonstrating executive deficits after traumatic brain injury? Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 33(3), 358–365. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2010.518703
- Kerr, C. (1995). Dysnomia following traumatic brain injury: An information-processing approach to assessment. Brain Injury, 9(8), 777–796. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3109/02699059509008234
- Khalil, M. S. (2010). Preliminary Arabic normative data of neuropsychological tests: The verbal and design fluency. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 32(9), 1028–1035. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13803391003672305
- Kim, B. J., Lee, C. S., Oh, B. H., Hong, C. H., Lee, K. S., Son, S. J., Han, C., Park, M. H., Jeong, H. G., Kim, T. H., Park, J. H., & Kim, K. W. (2013). A normative study of lexical verbal fluency in an educationally diverse elderly population. Psychiatry Investigation, 10(4), 346–351. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4306/pi.2013.10.4.346
- Kim, H., Kim, J., Kim, D. Y., & Heo, J. (2011). Differentiating between aphasic and nonaphasic stroke patients using semantic verbal fluency measures with administration time of 30 seconds. European Neurology, 65(2), 113–117. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1159/000324036
- Kim, H., & Na, D. L. (2004). Normative data on the Korean version of the Western Aphasia Battery. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 26(8), 1011–1020. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13803390490515397
- Kosmidis, M., Vlahou, C., Panagiotaki, P., & Kiosseoglou, G. (2004). The verbal fluency task in the Greek population: Normative data, and clustering and switching strategies. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 10(2), 164–172. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617704102014
- Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2001). The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(9), 606–613. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x
- Kutner, M. H., Nachtsheim, C. J., Neter, J., & Li, W. (2005). Applied linear statistical models (5th ed.). McGraw Hill.
- Labos, E., Trojanowski, S., del Rio, M., Zabala, K., & Renato, A. (2013). Verbal fluency profiles in Argentina. Characterization and norms in extended time. Neurología Argentina, 5(2), 78–86. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuarg.2013.04.005
- Laine, M., Vuorinen, E., & Rinne, J. O. (1997). Picture naming deficits in vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 19(1), 126–140. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/01688639708403842
- Lee, T. M. C., Yuen, K. S. L., & Chan, C. C. H. (2002). Normative data for neuropsychological measures of fluency, attention, and memory measures for Hong Kong Chinese. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 24(5), 615–632. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1076/jcen.24.5.615.1001
- Lezak, M. D., Howieson, D. B., Bigler, E. D., & Tranel, D. (2012). Neuropsychological assessment (5th ed.). Oxford University Press.
- Lezak, M. D., Howieson, D. B., Loring, D. W., & Fischer, J. S. (2004). Neuropsychological assessment (4th ed.). Oxford University Press.
- Loonstra, A. S., Tarlow, A. R., & Sellers, A. H. (2001). COWAT metanorms across age, education, and gender. Applied Neuropsychology, 8(3), 161–166. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1207/S15324826AN0803_5
- Loring, D. W., Strauss, E., Hermann, B. P., Barr, W. B., Perrine, K., Trenerry, M. R., Chelune, G., Westerveld, M., Lee, G. P., Meador, K. J., & Bowden, S. C. (2008). Differential neuropsychological test sensitivity to left temporal lobe epilepsy. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 14(03), 394–400. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617708080582
- Lucas, J. A., Ivnik, R. J., Smith, G. E., Bohac, D. L., Tangalos, E. G., Graff-Radford, N. R., & Petersen, R. C. (1998). Mayo’s older Americans normative studies: Category fluency norms. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 20(2), 194–200. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1076/jcen.20.2.194.1173
- Lucas, J. A., Ivnik, R. J., Smith, G. E., Ferman, T. J., Willis, F. B., Petersen, R. C., & Graff-Radford, N. R. (2005). Mayo’s Older African Americans normative studies: Norms for Boston Naming Test, Controlled Oral Word Association, Category Fluency, Animal Naming, Token Test, WRAT-3 Reading, Trail Making Test, Stroop Test, and Judgment of Line Orientation. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 19(2), 243–269. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13854040590945337
- Lukatela, K., Malloy, P., Jenkins, M., & Cohen, R. (1998). The naming deficit in early Alzheimer’s and vascular dementia. Neuropsychology, 12(4), 565–572. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0894-4105.12.4.565
- Machado, T. H., Fichman, H. C., Santos, E. L., Carvalho, V. A., Fialho, P. P., Koenig, A. M., Fernandes, C. S., Lourenço, R. A., Paradela, E., & Caramelli, P. (2009). Normative data for healthy elderly on the phonemic verbal fluency task - FAS. Dementia & Neuropsychologia, 3(1), 55–60. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-57642009DN30100011
- Mack, W. J., Teng, E., Zheng, L., Paz, S., Chui, H., & Varma, R. (2005). Category fluency in a latino sample: Associations with age, education, gender, and language. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 27(5), 591–598. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13803390490918417
- Mahoney, F. I., & Barthel, D. (1965). Functional evaluation: The Barthel Index. Maryland State Medical Journal, 14, 56–61.
- Mariën, P., Mampaey, E., Vervaet, A., Saerens, J., & De Deyn, P. P. (1998). Normative data for the Boston naming test in native Dutch-speaking Belgian elderly. Brain and Language, 65(3), 447–467. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1006/brln.1998.2000
- Mathuranath, P. S., George, A., Cherian, P. J., Alexander, A. L., Sarma, S. G., & Sarma, P. S. (2003). Effects of age, education and gender on verbal fluency. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 25(8), 1057–1064. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1076/jcen.25.8.1057.16736
- McDowd, J., Hoffman, L., Rozek, E., Lyons, K. E., Pahwa, R., Burns, J., & Kemper, S. (2011). Understanding verbal fluency in healthy aging, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. Neuropsychology, 25(2), 210–225. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021531
- Miotto, E., Sato, J., Lucia, M., Camargo, C., & Scaff, M. (2010). Development of an adapted version of the Boston Naming Test for Portuguese speakers. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 32(3), 279–282. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/s1516-44462010005000006
- Mitrushina, M., Boone, K. B., Razani, J., & D’Elia, L. F. (2005). Handbook of normative data for neuropsychological assessment (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
- Morgado, J., Rocha, C. S., Maruta, C., Guerreiro, M., & Martins, I. P. (2009). Novos valores normativos do mini-mental state examination. Sinapse, 9(2), 10–16.
- Neils, J., Baris, J. M., Carter, C., Dell’aira, A. L., Nordloh, S. J., Weiler, E., & Weisiger, B. (1995). Effects of age, education, and living environment on Boston Naming Test performance. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 38(5), 1143–1149. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3805.1143
- Olabarrieta-Landa, L., Rivera, D., Galarza-del-Angel, J., Garza, M. T., Saracho, C. P., Rodríguez, W., Chávez-Oliveros, M., Rábago, B., Leibach, G., Schebela, S., Martínez, C., Luna, M., Longoni, M., Ocampo-Barba, N., Rodríguez, G., Aliaga, A., Esenarro, L., García de la Cadena, C., Perrin, B. P., & Arango-Lasprilla, J. C. (2015). Verbal fluency tests: Normative data for the Latin American Spanish speaking adult population. NeuroRehabilitation, 37(4), 515–561. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3233/NRE-151279
- Olabarrieta-Landa, L., Rivera, D., Morlett-Paredes, A., Jaimes-Bautista, A., Garza, M. T., Galarza-del-Angel, J., Rodríguez, W., Rábago, B., Schebela, S., Perrin, P. B., Luna, M., Longoni, M., Ocampo-Barba, N., Aliaga, A., Saracho, C. P., Bringas, M. L., Esenarro, L., García-Egan, P., & Arango-Lasprilla, J. C. (2015). Standard form of the Boston Naming Test: Normative data for the Latin American Spanish speaking adult population. NeuroRehabilitation, 37(4), 501–513. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3233/NRE-151278
- Olabarrieta-Landa, L., Rivera, D., Vergara Torres, G. P., Lozano Plaza, J. E., Quijano, M. C., De los Reyes Aragón, C. J., Utria Rodríguez, O. E., Medina Salcedo, M., Perrin, P. B. & Arango-Lasprilla , (2015). Datos normativos del Test de Fluidez Verbal Semántica y Fonológica para población Colombiana. In J. C., Arango Lasprilla, & D., Rivera (Eds.), Neuropsicología en Colombia: Datos normativos, estado actual y retos a futuro (pp. 178–207). Universidad Autónoma de Manizales.
- Ostrosky‐Solís, F., Ramírez, M., Lozano, A., Picasso, H., & Vélez, A. (2004). Culture or education? Neuropsychological test performance of a Maya indigenous population. International Journal of Psychology, 39(1), 36–46. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00207590344000277
- Park, J., Lee, G., Lee, S. U., & Jung, S. H. (2016). The impact of acute phase domain-specific cognitive function on post-stroke functional recovery. Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine, 40(2), 214. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.2016.40.2.214
- Patterson, J. (2011). Verbal fluency. In J. S. Kreutzer, J. DeLuca, & B. Caplan (Eds.), Encyclopedia of clinical neuropsychology (pp. 2603–2606). Springer.
- Peña-Casanova, J., Blesa, R., Aguilar, M., Gramunt-Fombuena, N., Gómez-Ansón, B., Oliva, R., Molinuevo, J. L., Robles, A., Barquero, M. S., Antúnez, C., Martínez-Parra, C., Frank-García, A., Fernández, M., Alfonso, V., & Sol, J. (2009). Spanish multicenter normative studies (NEURONORMA project): Methods and sample characteristics. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 24(4), 307–319. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acp027
- Phillips, T. J., James, A. C. D., Crow, T. J., & Collinson, S. L. (2004). Semantic fluency is impaired but phonemic and design fluency are preserved in early-onset schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 70(2–3), 215–222. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2003.10.003
- Quijano, M. C., Olabarrieta-Landa, L., Rivera, D., Valdivia Tangarife, E. R., Vergara Torres, G. P., De los Reyes Aragón, C. J., Utria Rodríguez, O. E., Medina Salcedo, M., Perrin, P. B. & Arango-Lasprilla , (2015). Datos normativos del Test de Denominación de Boston para población Colombiana. In J. C., Arango-Lasprilla, & D., Rivera (Eds.), Neuropsicología en Colombia: Datos normativos, estado actual y retos a futuro (pp. 209–222). Universidad Autónoma de Manizales.
- Quinones-Ubeda, S., Pena-Casanova, J., Böhm, P., Gramunt-Fombuena, N., & Comas, L. (2004). Preliminary normative data for the second edition of the Boston Naming Test for young Spanish adults. Neurología, 19(5), 248–253.
- R Development Core Team. (2020). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
- Rabin, L. A., Barr, W. B., & Burton, L. A. (2005). Assessment practices of clinical neuropsychologists in the United States and Canada: A survey of INS, NAN, and APA Division 40 members. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 20(1), 33–65. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acn.2004.02.005
- Rami, L., Serradell, M., Bosch, B., Caprile, C., Sekler, A., Villar, A., Canal, R., & Molinuevo, J. L. (2008). Normative data for the Boston Naming Test and the Pyramids and Palm Trees Test in the elderly Spanish population. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 30(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13803390701743954
- Raskin, S. A., & Rearick, E. (1996). Verbal fluency in individuals with mild traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychology, 10(3), 416–422. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0894-4105.10.3.416
- Rivera, D., Olabarrieta-Landa, L., Van der Elst, W., Gonzalez, I., Ferrer-Cascales, R., Peñalver Guia, A. I., Rodriguez-Lorenzana, A., Galarza-del-Angel, J., Irías Escher, M. J., & Arango-Lasprilla, J. C. (2020). Regression-based normative data for children from Latin America: Phonological verbal fluency letters M, R, and P. Assessment. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191119897122.
- Rivera, D., Olabarrieta-Landa, L., Van der Elst, W., Gonzalez, I., Rodríguez-Agudelo, Y., Aguayo Arelis, A., Rodriguez-Irizarry, W., García de la Cadena, C., & Arango-Lasprilla, J. C. (2019). Normative data for verbal fluency in healthy Latin American adults: Letter M, and fruits and occupations categories. Neuropsychology, 33(3), 287–300. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000518
- Ruff, R. M., Light, R. H., Parker, S. B., & Levin, H. S. (1997). The psychological construct of word fluency. Brain and Language, 57(3), 394–405. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1006/brln.1997.1755
- Ryu, S.-H., Kim, K. W., Kim, S., Park, J. H., Kim, T. H., Jeong, H.-G., Kim, J. L., Moon, S. W., Bae, J. N., Yoon, J. C., Choo, I. H., Lee, D. W., Chang, S. M., Jhoo, J. H., Kim, S.-K., & Cho, M. J. (2012). Normative study of the category fluency test (CFT) from nationwide data on community-dwelling elderly in Korea. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 54(2), 305–309. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2011.05.010
- Sauzéon, H., Lestage, P., Raboutet, C., N’Kaoua, B., & Claverie, B. (2004). Verbal fluency output in children aged 7-16 as a function of the production criterion: Qualitative analysis of clustering, switching processes, and semantic network exploitation. Brain and Language, 89(1), 192–202. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-934X(03)00367-5
- Steinberg, B. A., Bieliauskas, L. A., Smith, G. E., & Ivnik, R. J. (2005). Mayo’s older Americans normative studies: Age-and IQ-adjusted norms for the Trail-Making Test, the Stroop Test, and MAE Controlled Oral Word Association Test. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 19(3–4), 329–377. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13854040590945210
- Steiner, V. A. G., Mansur, L. L., Brucki, S. M. D., & Nitrini, R. (2008). Phonemic verbal fluency and age: A preliminary study. Dementia & Neuropsychologia, 2(4), 328–332. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-57642009DN20400017
- Strauss, E., Sherman, E. M., & Spreen, O. (2006). A compendium of neuropsychological tests: Administration, norms, and commentary (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press.
- Taler, V., & Phillips, N. A. (2008). Language performance in Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment: A comparative review. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 30(5), 501–556. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13803390701550128
- Tallberg, I. M. (2005). The Boston naming test in Swedish: Normative data. Brain and Language, 94(1), 19–31. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2004.11.004
- Tallberg, I. M., Ivachova, E., Jones Tinghag, K., & Östberg, P. (2008). Swedish norms for word fluency tests: FAS, animals and verbs. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 49(5), 479–485. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9450.2008.00653.x
- Thompson, P. J., & Duncan, J. S. (2005). Cognitive decline in severe intractable epilepsy. Epilepsia, 46(11), 1780–1787. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2005.00279.x
- Tombaugh, T. N., & Hubley, A. (1997). The 60-item Boston Naming Test: Norms for cognitively intact adults aged 25 to 88 years. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 19(6), 922–932. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/01688639708403773
- Tombaugh, T. N., Kozak, J., & Rees, L. (1999). Normative data stratified by age and education for two measures of verbal fluency: FAS and animal naming. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 14(2), 167–177. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/14.2.167
- Tsolaki, M., Tsantali, E., Lekka, S., Kiosseoglou, G., & Kazis, A. (2003). Can the Boston Naming Test be used as a clinical tool for differential diagnosis in dementia? Brain and Language, 87(1), 185–186. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-934X(03)00262-1
- Van Breukelen, G. J., & Vlaeyen, J. W. (2005). Norming clinical questionnaires with multiple regression: The pain cognition list. Psychological Assessment, 17(3), 336–344. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.17.3.336
- Van der Elst, W., Van Boxtel, M. P., & Jolles, J. (2012). Occupational activity and cognitive aging: A case-control study based on the Maastricht Aging Study. Experimental Aging Research, 38(3), 315–329. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/0361073X.2012.672137
- Van Der Elst, W., Van Boxtel, M. P., Van Breukelen, G. J., & Jolles, J. (2006). Normative data for the Animal, Profession and Letter M Naming verbal fluency tests for Dutch speaking participants and the effects of age, education, and sex. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 12(1), 80–89. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617706060115
- Villodre, R., Sánchez-Alfonso, A., Brines, L., Núñez, A. B., Chirivella, J., Ferri, J., & Noé, E., (2006). Fluencia verbal: Estudio normativo piloto según estrategias de “agrupación” y “saltos” de palabras en población española de 20 a 49 años. Neurología, 21(3), 124–130.
- Waldrop-Valverde, D., Ownby, R. L., Jones, D. L., Sharma, S., Nehra, R., Kumar, A. M., Prabhakar, S., & Kumar, M. (2015). Neuropsychological test performance among healthy persons in northern India: Development of normative data. Journal of Neurovirology, 21(4), 433–438. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-015-0332-4
- Wall, K. J., Cumming, T. B., & Copland, D. A. (2017). Determining the association between language and cognitive tests in poststroke aphasia. Frontiers in Neurology, 8, 149. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2017.00149
- Weiss, E., Kemmler, G., Deisenhammer, E. A., Fleischhacker, W. W., & Delazer, M. (2003). Sex differences in cognitive functions. Personality and Individual Differences, 35(4), 863–875. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00288-X
- Weiss, E. M., Ragland, J. D., Brensinger, C. M., Bilker, W. B., Deisenhammer, E. A., & Delazer, M. (2006). Sex differences in clustering and switching in verbal fluency tasks. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 12(4), 502–509. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/s1355617706060656
- Whiteside, D. M., Kogan, J., Wardin, L., Phillips, D., Franzwa, M. G., Rice, L., Basso, M., & Roper, B. (2015). Language-based embedded performance validity measures in traumatic brain injury. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 37(2), 220–227. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2014.1002758
- Williams, M. N., Grajales, C. A. G., & Kurkiewicz, D. (2013). Assumptions of multiple regression: Correcting two misconceptions. Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation, 18(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.7275/55hn-wk47
- Worrall, L. E., Yiu, E. M.-L., Hickson, L. M. H., & Barnett, H. M. (1995). Normative data for the Boston naming test for Australian elderly. Aphasiology, 9(6), 541–551. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02687039508248713
- Zanin, L., Ledezma, C., Galarsi, M. F., & De Bortoli, M. A. (2010). Fluidez verbal en una muestra de 227 sujetos de la región Cuyo (Argentina). Fundamentos en Humanidades, 1(21), 207–219. http://fundamentos.unsl.edu.ar/pdf/revista-21.pdf
- Zarino, B., Crespi, M., Launi, M., & Casarotti, A. (2014). A new standardization of semantic verbal fluency test. Neurol Sci, 35(9), 1405–1411. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-014-1729-1
- Zec, R. F., Burkett, N. R., Markwell, S. J., & Larsen, D. L. (2007a). A cross-sectional study of the effects of age, education, and gender on the Boston Naming Test. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 21(4), 587–616. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13854040701220028
- Zec, R. F., Burkett, N. R., Markwell, S. J., & Larsen, D. L. (2007b). Normative data stratified for age, education, and gender on the Boston Naming Test. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 21(4), 617–637. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13854040701339356
- Zimmermann, N., Parente, M. A. D. M. P., Joanette, Y., & Fonseca, R. P. (2014). Unconstrained, phonemic and semantic verbal fluency: Age and education effects, norms and discrepancies. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 27(1), 55–63. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-79722014000100007