273
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

The Persistence of the Homeless Shelter as an Institutional Form: NYC’s Response to Homelessness and COVID Through an Organizational Lens

ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon

References

  • Aksom, H. (2022). Institutional inertia and practice variation. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 35(3), 463–487. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-07-2021-0205
  • Alvinius, A., Danielsson, E., & Larsson, G. (2010). The inadequacy of an ordinary organisation: Organisational adaptation to crisis through planned and spontaneous links. International Journal of Organisational Behaviour, 15(1), 87–102.
  • Arthur, W. B. (1989). Competing technologies, increasing returns, and lock-in by historical events. The Economic Journal, 99(394), 116–131. https://doi.org/10.2307/2234208
  • Barbera, C., Jones, M., Korac, S., Saliterer, I., & Steccolini, I. (2021). Local government strategies in the face of shocks and crises: The role of anticipatory capacities and financial vulnerability. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 87(1), 154–170. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852319842661
  • Beghetto, R. A. (2021). How times of crisis serve as a catalyst for creative action: An agentic perspective. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 600685. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.600685
  • Beito, D. T. (2000). From mutual aid to the welfare state: Fraternal societies and social services, 1890-1967. Univ of North Carolina Press.
  • Birk, M. (2022). The fundamental institution: Poverty, social welfare, and agriculture in American poor farms. University of Illinois Press.
  • Blau, J. (1992). The visible poor: Homelessness in the United States. Oxford University Press.
  • Brager, G., & Holloway, S. (1978). Changing human service organizations: Politics and practice. Simon and Schuster.
  • Brand, S. (1995). How buildings learn: What happens after they’re built. Penguin.
  • Brown, T. L., & Potoski, M. (2005). Transaction costs and contracting: The practitioner perspective. Public Performance & Management Review, 28(3), 326–351.
  • Bruder, J. (2017). Nomadland: Surviving America in the twenty-first century. WW Norton & Company.
  • Burnes, B. (2020). The origins of Lewin’s three-step model of change. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 56(1), 32–59. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886319892685
  • Burnes, B., & Cooke, B. (2013). Kurt Lewin’s field theory: A review and re‐evaluation. International Journal of Management Reviews, 15(4), 408–425. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2012.00348.x
  • Cagle, K. (2022, July 17). Homekey. https://www.hcd.ca.gov/grants-and-funding/homekey
  • Cameron, T., Montgomery, R., Moore, K., & Stewart, E. (2018). Swimming with ideas: What happens to creativity in the wake of a disaster and the waves of pro-social recovery behaviour that follow? Creativity Studies, 11(1), 10–23. https://doi.org/10.3846/23450479.2018.1428832
  • Churchman, C. W. (1967). Guest editorial: Wicked problems. In M. K. Starr (Ed.), Management science (pp. B141–B142). JSTOR.
  • Colburn, G., & Aldern, C. P. (2022). Homelessness is a housing problem: How structural factors explain US patterns. Univ of California Press. https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520383791
  • Colburn, G., Fyall, R., Thompson, S., Dean, T., McHugh, C., Moraras, P., Ewing, V., & Argodale, S. (2020). Impact of hotels as non-congregate emergency shelters: An analysis of investments in hotels as emergency shelter in King County, WA during the COVID-19 pandemic. https://regionalhomelesssystem.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Impact-of-Hotels-as-ES-Study_Full-Report_Final-11302020.pdf
  • Community First! Village. (n.d.). Mobile loaves & fishes. Retrieved May 20, 2023, https://mlf.org/community-first/
  • Cottrell, D. M. (1989). The county poor farm system in Texas. The Southwestern Historical Quarterly, 93(2), 169–190.
  • Cresswell, T. (2001). The tramp in America. Reaktion Books.
  • Daley, M. R., & Pittman-Munke, P. (2016). Over the hill to the poor farm: Rural history almost forgotten. Contemporary Rural Social Work, 8(2), 1–17.
  • David, P. A. (1985). Clio and the economics of QWERTY. The American Economic Review, 75(2), 332–337.
  • Deaton, L. (2018). Creating community: Housing insecurity & the tiny-house village model.
  • Dequech, D. (2001). Bounded rationality, institutions, and uncertainty. Journal of Economic Issues, 35(4), 911–929. https://doi.org/10.1080/00213624.2001.11506420
  • de Soto, H. (1989). The other path. Harper & Row New York.
  • DiMaggio, P. J., & Powell, W. W. (1983). The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. American Sociological Review, 48(2), 147–160. https://doi.org/10.2307/2095101
  • Dorst, K. (2015). Frame innovation: Create new thinking by design. The MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/10096.001.0001
  • Douglas, G. C. (2023). Reclaiming placemaking for an alternative politics of legitimacy and community in homelessness. International Journal of Politics, Culture & Society, 36(1), 35–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10767-022-09426-x
  • Economic Shock Definition. (2021, July 31). Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/economic-shock.asp
  • Eriksson, E., Fredriksson, A., & Syssner, J. (2022). Opening the black box of participatory planning: A study of how planners handle citizens’ input. European Planning Studies, 30(6), 994–1012. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2021.1895974
  • Fang, A. (2009). Hiding homelessness: ‘quality of life’laws and the politics of development in American cities. International Journal of Law in Context, 5(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1744552309005011
  • Fields, D. (2015). Contesting the financialization of urban space: Community organizations and the struggle to preserve affordable rental housing in New York City. Journal of Urban Affairs, 37(2), 144–165. https://doi.org/10.1111/juaf.12098
  • Finley, S. (2003). The faces of dignity: Rethinking the politics of homelessness and poverty in America. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 16(4), 509–531. https://doi.org/10.1080/0951839032000099525
  • Fiorentino, S., Livingstone, N., McAllister, P., & Cooke, H. (2022). The future of the corporate office? Emerging trends in the post-Covid city. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy & Society, 15(3), 597–614. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsac027
  • Foley, H. A., & Sharfstein, S. S. (1983). Madness and government: Who cares for the mentally ill?. American Psychiatric Press.
  • Foucault, M. (1977). Discipline and punish: The birth of the prison. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.
  • Fraenkel, P. (2006). Engaging families as experts: Collaborative family program development. Family Process, 45(2), 237–257. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.2006.00093.x
  • Franco, A., Meldrum, J., & Ngaruiya, C. (2021). Identifying homeless population needs in the emergency department using community-based participatory research. BMC Health Services Research, 21(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-06426-z
  • Giddens, A. (1979). Central problems in social theory. McMillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-16161-4
  • Goffman, E. (1961). Essays on the social situation of mental patients and other inmates. Harmondsworth.
  • Greener, I. (2005). The potential of path dependence in political studies. Politics, 25(1), 62–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9256.2005.00230.x
  • Grob, G. N. (1987). The forging of mental health policy in America: World war II to new frontier. Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, 42(4), 410–446. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/42.4.410
  • Grob, G. N. (1991). Origins of DSM-I: A study in appearance and reality. American Journal of Psychiatry, 148(4), 421–431.
  • Hallett, T., & Ventresca, M. J. (2006). How institutions form: Loose coupling as mechanism in Gouldner’s patterns of industrial bureaucracy. American Behavioral Scientist, 49(7), 908–924. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764205285171
  • Hall, P. A., & Taylor, R. C. (1996). Political science and the three new institutionalisms. Political Studies, 44(5), 936–957. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.1996.tb00343.x
  • Head, B. W., & Alford, J. (2015). Wicked problems: Implications for public policy and management. Administration & Society, 47(6), 711–739. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399713481601
  • Heben, A. (2011). Inside tent cities. Planning, 77(8), 23.
  • Hennigan, B., & Speer, J. (2019). Compassionate revanchism: The blurry geography of homelessness in the USA. Urban Studies, 56(5), 906–921. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098018762012
  • Herman, D. B., Conover, S., Felix, A., Nakagawa, A., & Mills, D. (2007). Critical time intervention: An empirically supported model for preventing homelessness in high risk groups. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 28(3–4), 295–312. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-007-0099-3
  • Herman, D. B., Conover, S., Gorroochurn, P., Hinterland, K., Hoepner, L., & Susser, E. S. (2011). Randomized trial of critical time intervention to prevent homelessness after hospital discharge. Psychiatric Services, 62(7), 713–719. https://doi.org/10.1176/ps.62.7.pss6207_0713
  • Hopper, K. (1990). Public shelter as `a hybrid institution’: Homeless men in historical perspective. Journal of Social Issues, 46(4), 13–29. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1990.tb01796.x
  • Howlett, M., & Rayner, J. (2006). Understanding the historical turn in the policy sciences: A critique of stochastic, narrative, path dependency and process-sequencing models of policy-making over time. Policy Sciences, 39(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11077-005-9004-1
  • Katz, M. B. (1984). Poorhouses and the origins of the public old age home. The Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly Health and Society, 62(1), 110–140. https://doi.org/10.2307/3349894
  • Kay, A. (2012). Policy trajectories and legacies: Path dependency revisited. In E. Araral, S. Fritzen, M. Howlett, M. Ramesh, X. Wu (Eds.), Routledge handbook of public policy (pp. 480–490). Routledge.
  • Kellington, W. (2021). A different take on housing the homeless. Planning, 87(2), 18–18,20.
  • Koch, E. V., 118 Misc. 2d 163, 459 N.Y.S.2d 960 (New York County Supreme Court Special Term. 1983).
  • Lamb, R. H., Bachrach, L. L., & Kass, F. I. (1992). Treating the homeless mentally ill: A report of the task force on the homeless mentally ill. American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.
  • Langegger, S., & Koester, S. (2016). Invisible homelessness: Anonymity, exposure, and the right to the city. Urban Geography, 37(7), 1030–1048. https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2016.1147755
  • Lanzara, G. F. (1983). Ephemeral organizations in extreme environments: Emergence, strategy, extinction [i]. Journal of Management Studies, 20(1), 71–95. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.1983.tb00199.x
  • Lens, V. (2015). Poor justice: How the poor fare in the courts. Oxford University Press, Incorporated.
  • Lewin, K. (1936). Principles of topological psychology. Read Books Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1037/10019-000
  • Lewin, K. (1943). Defining the’field at a given time.’. Psychological Review, 50(3), 292–310. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0062738
  • Lewin, K. (1947a). Frontiers in group dynamics: Concept, method and reality in social science; social equilibria and social change. Human Relations, 1(1), 5–41. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872674700100103
  • Lewin, K. (1947b). Frontiers in group dynamics: II. Channels of group life; social planning and action research. Human Relations, 1(2), 143–153. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872674700100201
  • Lightner, D. (1999). Asylum, prison, and poorhouse the writings and reform work of Dorothea Dix in Illinois (1st ed.). Southern Illinois University Press.
  • Loftus-Farren, Z. (2011). Tent cities: An interim solution to homelessness and affordable housing shortages in the United States. California Law Review, 99(4), 1037–1081. https://doi.org/10.15779/Z38HH6C
  • Mahoney, J. (2000). Path dependence in historical sociology. Theory and Society, 29(4), 507–548. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007113830879
  • Main, T. J. (2016). Homelessness in New York City: Policymaking from Koch to de Blasio. NYU Press.
  • Mandiberg, J. M. (1999). The sword of reform has two sharp edges: Normalcy, normalization, and the destruction of the social group. New Directions for Mental Health Services, 1999(83), 31–44. https://doi.org/10.1002/yd.23319998306
  • March, J. G., & Olsen, J. P. (1989). Rediscovering institutions. Simon and Schuster.
  • McClure, E. (1968). More than a roof: The development of Minnesota poor farms and homes for the aged. Minnesota Historical Society Press.
  • Meyer, J. W., & Rowan, B. (1977). Institutionalized organizations: Formal structure as myth and ceremony. American Journal of Sociology, 83(2), 340–363. https://doi.org/10.1086/226550
  • Meyer, J. W., & Rowan, B. (1978). The structure of educational organizations. Schools and Society: A Sociological Approach to Education, 80, 217–225.
  • Meyer, M. W., & Zucker, L. G. (1989). Permanently failing organizations. Sage Publications.
  • Mosher, H. I. (2010). Issues of power in collaborative research with Dignity Village. Cultural Studies? Critical Methodologies, 10(1), 43–56. https://doi.org/10.1177/1532708609351156
  • Munck Af Rosenschöld, J., Rozema, J. G., & Frye‐Levine, L. A. (2014). Institutional inertia and climate change: A review of the new institutionalist literature. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 5(5), 639–648. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.292
  • Newman, A., & Meko, H. (2022, July 12). Police seek man in string of stabbings of homeless men sleeping outdoors. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/12/nyregion/nyc-homeless-stabbing.html
  • North, D. C. (1990). Institutions, institutional change and economic performance. Cambridge University Print. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511808678
  • NYC Commission on the Homeless. (1992). The way home: A new direction in social policy. New York City Mayor's Office on Homelessness and SRO Housing.
  • Oliver, C. (1992). The antecedents of deinstitutionalization. Organization Studies, 13(4), 563–588. https://doi.org/10.1177/017084069201300403
  • Ostrom, E. (1990). Governing the commons: The evolution of institutions for collective action. Cambridge university press.
  • Padgett, D. K., Bond, L., & Wusinich, C. (2022). From the streets to a hotel: A qualitative study of the experiences of homeless persons in the pandemic era. Journal of Social Distress and Homelessness, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/10530789.2021.2021362
  • Padgett, D. K., Henwood, B. F., & Tsemberis, S. J. (2016). Housing first: Ending homelessness, transforming systems, and changing lives. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199989805.001.0001
  • Parayre, R. (1995). The strategic implications of sunk costs: A behavioral perspective. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 28(3), 417–442. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-2681(95)00045-3
  • Perrow, C., & Guillen, M. F. (1990). The AIDS disaster: The failure of organizations in New York and the nation. Yale University Press.
  • Pierson, P. (2000). Increasing returns, path dependence, and the study of politics. American Political Science Review, 94(2), 251–267. https://doi.org/10.2307/2586011
  • Piven, F. F., & Cloward, R. (1971). Regulating the poor: The functions of public welfare. Vintage.
  • Rittel, H. W., & Webber, M. M. (1973). Dilemmas in a general theory of planning. Policy Sciences, 4(2), 155–169. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01405730
  • Roberts, D., Partner, O. W., & Morris, G. (2016). Risk management for nonprofits. Olyver Wyman.
  • Rogers-Dillon, R. H., & Skrentny, J. D. (1999). Administering success: The legitimacy imperative and the implementation of welfare reform. Social Problems, 46(1), 13–29. https://doi.org/10.2307/3097159
  • Rothman, D. (1971). The discovery of the asylum: Social order and disorder in the new public. Little Brown & Company.
  • Salamon, L. M. (2012). The Resilient Sector: The Future of Nonprofit America. The State of Nonprofit America. Brookings Institution Press.
  • Savas, E. S. (2002). Competition and choice in New York city. Social services. Public Administration Review, 62(1), 82–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-6210.00157
  • Savino, R., Prince, J., Simon, L., Herman, D., Susser, E., & Padgett, D. (n.d.). From homelessness to hotel living during the COVID-19 pandemic. [Unpublished Manuscript].
  • Schneiberg, M. (2007). What’s on the path? Path dependence, organizational diversity and the problem of institutional change in the US economy, 1900–1950. Socio-Economic Review, 5(1), 47–80. https://doi.org/10.1093/ser/mwl006
  • Schreyögg, G., & Sydow, J. (2011). Organizational path dependence: A process view. Organization Studies, 32(3), 321–335. https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840610397481
  • Schreyögg, G., Sydow, J., & Holtmann, P. (2011). How history matters in organisations: The case of path dependence. Management & Organizational History, 6(1), 81–100. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744935910387030
  • Smith, N. (1998). Giuliani time: The revanchist 1990s. Social Text, 16(4), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.2307/466878
  • Smith, R. W. (1973). A theoretical basis for participatory planning. Policy Sciences, 4(3), 275–295. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01435125
  • Smith, G. B., & Bhat, S. (2022, July 26). Homeless Shelters are Overflowing—And Most Likely in Poor Areas, Despite Fair Share Promises. The City. https://www.thecity.nyc/2022/7/26/23279842/homeless-shelters-are-overflowing-and-most-likely-in-poor-areas-despite-fair-share-promises
  • Smith, D., & Oreskes, B. (2020, September 22). Program to house homeless people in hotels is ending after falling short of goal. Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-09-22/homeless-people-hotels-project-roomkey-phasing-out
  • Steinmo, S., Thelen, K., & Longstreth, F., Steinmo, S., Thelen, K., Longstreth, F. (1992). Structuring politics: Historical institutionalism in comparative analysis. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511528125
  • Sullivan, B. J., & Burke, J. (2013). Single-room occupancy housing in New York City: The origins and dimensions of a crisis. CUNY Law Review, 17(1), 113–143. https://doi.org/10.31641/clr170104
  • Susser, E., Valencia, E., Conover, S., Felix, A., Tsai, W.-Y., & Wyatt, R. J. (1997). Preventing recurrent homelessness among mentally ill men: A“critical time” intervention after discharge from a shelter. American Journal of Public Health, 87(2), 256–262. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.87.2.256
  • Thelen, K. (1999). Historical institutionalism in comparative politics. Annual Review of Political Science, 2(1), 369–404. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.2.1.369
  • Thurman, W., Moczygemba, L. R., Welton-Arndt, L., Kim, E., Hudzik, A., Corley, K., & Tormey, K. (2021). Faith-based health and social services for people experiencing homelessness in the United States: A scoping review of the literature. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 32(4), 1698–1719. https://doi.org/10.1353/hpu.2021.0160
  • Toronto Disaster Relief Council. (n.d.). About TDRC: We Declare Homelessness a National Disaster. Retrieved September 22, 2022, http://tdrc.net/about-tdrc.html
  • v Carey, C. (1979). Case no 79–42582 (NY sup ct 1979). New York Law Journal, 11.
  • v Koch, M. (1986). Appellate division of the supreme court of New York, First Department, 117 A.D.2d 198.
  • Voeten, E. (2019). Making sense of the design of international institutions. Annual Review of Political Science, 22(1), 147–163. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-041916-021108
  • Wagner, D. (2005). The poorhouse: America’s forgotten institution. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
  • Weick, K. E. (1993). The collapse of sensemaking in organizations: The Mann Gulch disaster. Administrative Science Quarterly, 38(4), 628–652. https://doi.org/10.2307/2393339
  • Wyatt, A. (2014). Rethinking shelter and tiny house communities: Dignity Village, Portland, and lessons from San Luis Obispo. Focus, 11(1), 39–46. https://doi.org/10.15368/focus.2014v11n1.4
  • Zaveri, M. (2023, May 3). New York City will finally turn a hotel into housing. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/03/nyregion/nyc-hotel-conversion-housing.html
  • Zucker, L. G. (1977). The role of institutionalization in cultural persistence. American Sociological Review, 42(5), 726–743. https://doi.org/10.2307/2094862

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.