The Diversity of Eucheumatoid Seaweed Cultivars in the Philippines

References

• Adharini RI, Suyono EA, SuadiJayanti AD, Setyawan AR. 2019. A comparison of nutritional values of Kappaphycus alvarezii, Kappaphycus striatum, and Kappaphycus spinosum from the farming sites in Gorontalo Province, Sulawesi, Indonesia. J Appl Phycol. 31(1):725–730. doi:10.1007/s10811-018-1540-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali MM, Sani MZB, Hi KK, Yasir SM, Critchley AT, Hurtado AQ. 2018. The comparative efficiency of a brown algal-derived biostimulant extract (AMPEP), with and without supplemented PGRs: the induction of direct, axis shoots as applied to the propagation of vegetative seedlings for the successful mass cultivation of three commercial strains of Kappaphycus in Sabah, Malaysia. J Appl Phycol. 30(3):1913–1919. doi:10.1007/s10811-017-1366-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andriesse E, Lee Z. 2017. Viable insertion in agribusiness value chains? Seaweed farming after Typhoon Yolanda (Haiyan) in Iloilo Province, the Philippines. Singap J Trop Geogr. 38(1):25–40. doi:10.1111/sjtg.12178
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asfaw BT, Worojie TB, Mengesha WA. 2021. Assessing morphological diversity in Ethiopian yams (Dioscorea spp.) and its correspondence with folk taxonomy. Syst Biodivers. 19(5):471–487. doi:10.1080/14772000.2021.1890269
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azanza-Corrales R, Mamauag SS, Alfiler E, Orolfo MJ. 1992. Reproduction in Eucheuma denticulatum (Burman) Collins and Hervey and Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty farmed in Danajon Reef, Philippines. Aquaculture 103(1):29–34. doi:10.1016/0044-8486(92)90275-P
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhattacharyya S, Feferman L, Tobacman JK. 2019. Distinct effects of carrageenan and high-fat consumption on the mechanisms of insulin resistance in nonobese and obese models of type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Res. 2019:9582714. doi:10.1155/2019/9582714
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bindu MS, Levine IA. 2011. The commercial red seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii—an overview on farming and environment. J Appl Phycol. 23(4):789–796. doi:10.1007/s10811-010-9570-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bixler HJ, Porse H. 2011. A decade of change in the seaweed hydrocolloids industry. J Appl Phycol. 23(3):321–335. doi:10.1007/s10811-010-9529-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blake FR. 1917. Reduplication in Tagalog. Am J Philol. 38(4):425–431. doi:10.2307/288967
   Google Scholar
• Blanchetti-Revelli L. 1995. Canadian misfortunes and Filipino fortunes: the invention of seaweed mariculture and the geographical reorganization of seaweed production. In: McMichael P, editor. Food and agrarian orders in the world economy. Westport (CT): Praeger Publishers. p. 97–112.
   Google Scholar
• Bolton JJ. 2020. The problem of naming commercial seaweeds. J Appl Phycol. 32(2):751–758. doi:10.1007/s10811-019-01928-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borlongan IAG, Tibubos KR, Yunque DAT, Hurtado AQ, Critchley AT. 2011. Impact of AMPEP on the growth and occurrence of epiphytic Neosiphonia infestation on two varieties of commercially cultivated Kappaphycus alvarezii grown at different depths in the Philippines. J Appl Phycol. 23(3):615–621. doi:10.1007/s10811-010-9649-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouanati T, Colson E, Moins S, Cabrera J-C, Eeckhaut I, Raquez J-M, Gerbaux P. 2020. Microwave-assisted depolymerization of carrageenans from Kappaphycus alvarezii and Eucheuma spinosum: Controlled and green production of oligosaccharides from the algae biomass. Algal Res. 51:102054. doi:10.1016/j.algal.2020.102054
   Google Scholar
• Brakel J, Sibonga RC, Dumilag RV, Montalescot V, Campbell I, Cottier‐Cook EJ, Ward G, Le Masson V, Liu T, Msuya FE, et al. 2021. Exploring, harnessing and conserving marine genetic resources towards a sustainable seaweed aquaculture. Plants People Planet. 3(4):337–349. doi:10.1002/ppp3.10190
   Google Scholar
• Brickell CD, Alexander C, Cubey JjDavid JcHoffman MHM, Leslie AcMalécot V, Jin X. 2016. International code of nomenclature for cultivated plants (ICNCP or cultivated plant code) Scripta Hort 18. 9th ed. The Netherlands: Drukkerij Station Drukwerk.
   Google Scholar
• Brodie J. 2010. Global Seaweed Network: a global seaweed strategy. [accessed 2021 Sep 28]. https://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/our-work/biodiversity/global-seaweed-network.html.
   Google Scholar
• Chabi MC, Dassou AG, Dossou-Aminon I, Ogouchoro D, Aman BO, Dansi A. 2018. Banana and plantain production systems in Benin: ethnobotanical investigation, varietal diversity, pests, and implications for better production. J Ethnobiol Ethnomedicine 14(1):78. doi: 10.1186/s13002-018-0280-1.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Charrier B, Rolland E, Gupta V, Reddy RK. 2015. Production of genetically and developmentally modified seaweeds: exploiting the potential of artificial selection techniques. Front Plant Sci. 6(127):127. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00127.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chopin T, Tacon AGJ. 2021. hahahahahah of seaweeds and extractive species in global aquaculture production. Rev Fish Sci Aquac. 29(2):139–148. doi:10.1080/23308249.2020.1810626
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cottier-Cook EJ, Nagabhatla N, Badis Y, Campbell M, Chopin T, Dai W, Fang J, He P, Hewitt C, Kim GH. 2016. Safeguarding the future of the global seaweed aquaculture industry. Hamilton (ON/Canada): United Nations University and Scottish Association for Marine Science. Policy brief. [accessed 2021 Aug 8]. https://www.sams.ac.uk/t4-media/sams/pdf/globalseaweed-policy-brief.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Critchley AT, Ohno M. 1998. Seaweed resources of the world. Yokosuka: Japan International Cooperation Agency.
   Google Scholar
• Cuaton GP. 2019. A post-disaster gendered value chain analysis on seaweed farming after Super Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines. JEC. 13(4):508–534. doi:10.1108/JEC-11-2018-0091
   Google Scholar
• David SS, Levi C, Fahoum L, Ungar Y, Meyron-Holtz EG, Shpigelman A, Lesmes U. 2018. Revisiting the carrageenan controversy: Do we really understand the digestive fate and safety of carrageenan in our foods? Food Funct. 9(3):1344–1352. doi:10.1039/c7fo01721a
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Haan S, Bonierbale M, Ghislain M, Núñez J, Trujillo G. 2007. Indigenous biosystematics of Andean potatoes: Folk taxonomy, descriptors and nomenclature. Acta Hortic. 745(745):89–134. doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.745.4
   Google Scholar
• De La Fuente G, Chiantore M, Asnaghi V, Kaleb S, Falace A. 2019. First ex situ outplanting of the habitat-forming seaweed Cystoseira amentacea var. stricta from a restoration perspective. PeerJ 7:e7290. doi:10.7717/peerj.7290
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Derby N, Lal M, Aravantinou M, Kizima L, Barnable P, Rodriguez A, Lai M, Wesenberg A, Ugaonkar S, Levendosky K, et al. 2018. Griffithsin carrageenan fast dissolving inserts prevent SHIV HSV-2 and HPV infections in vivo. Nat Commun. 9(1):3881. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06349-0
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Diaz-Garcia L, Covarrubias-Pazaran G, Johnson-Cicalese J, Vorsa N, Zalapa J. 2020. Genotyping-by-sequencing identifies historical breeding stages of the recently domesticated American cranberry. Front Plant Sci. 11:607770. doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.607770
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dong Y, Wei Z, Xue C. 2021. Recent advances in carrageenan-based delivery systems for bioactive ingredients: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol. 112:348–361. doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2021.04.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doty MS. 1973. Farming the red seaweed. Eucheuma, for carrageenans. Micronesica. 9:59–73.
   Google Scholar
• Doty MS. 1985. Eucheuma alvarezii, sp. nov. (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) from Malaysia. In: Abbott IA, Norris JN, editors. Taxonomy of economic seaweeds: with reference to some Pacific and Caribbean species. Vol. 1. La Jolla (CA): California Sea Grant College Program. p. 37–45.
   Google Scholar
• Doty MS. 1988. Prodromus ad systematica Eucheumatoideorum: a tribe of commercial seaweeds related to Eucheuma (Solieriaceae, Gigartinales) In: Abbott IA, editor. Taxonomy of economic seaweeds with reference to some Pacific and Caribbean species. Vol. 2. La Jolla (CA): University of California. p. 159–207.
   Google Scholar
• Doty MS. 1995. Betaphycus philippinensis gen. et sp. nov. and related species (Solieriaceae, Gigartinales). In: Abbott IA, editor. Taxonomy of economic seaweeds with reference to some Pacific and Caribbean species. Vol. 5. La Jolla (CA): University of California. p. 237–245.
   Google Scholar
• Doty MS, Alvarez VB. 1973. Seaweed farms. A New Approach for U. S. industry. In: Proceedings of 9th Annual Conference of the Marine Technology Society; 1973 Sept 10–12; Washington DC. p. 701–708.
   Google Scholar
• Doty MS, Alvarez VB. 1975. Status, problems, advances, and economics of Eucheuma farms. Mar Technol Soc J. 9:30–35.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duarte CM, Wu J, Xiao X, Bruhn A, Krause-Jensen D. 2017. Can seaweed farming play a role in climate change mitigation and adaptation? Front Mar Sci. 4:100. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2017.00100.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dumilag RV. 2019. Edible seaweeds sold in the local public markets in Tawi-Tawi, Philippines. Philipp J Sci. 148(4):803–811.
   Google Scholar
• Dumilag RV, Gallardo WGM, Garcia CPC, You Y, Chaves AKG, Agahan L. 2018. Phenotypic and mtDNA variation in Philippine Kappaphycus cottonii (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta). Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal. 29(6):951–963. doi:10.1080/24701394.2017.1398745
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dumilag RV, Lin SM, Zuccarello GC, Kraft GT. 2020. The identity of Eucheuma perplexum (Solieriaceae, Gigartinales) and its distinction from Eucheuma serra as exemplified by a proposed new epitype. Phycologia 59(6):497–505. doi:10.1080/00318884.2020.1797375
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dumilag RV, Lluisma AO. 2014. Resolving the phylogenetic affinities of Kappaphycus inermis within the genus Kappaphycus (Gigartinales, Solieriaceae) using mitochondrial and plastid markers. Phytotaxa 162(4):223–231. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.162.4.5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dumilag RV, Orosco FL, Lluisma AO. 2016a. Genetic diversity of Kappaphycus species (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) in the Philippines. Syst Biodivers. 14(5):441–451. doi:10.1080/14772000.2016.1157643
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dumilag RV, Salvador RC, Halling C. 2016b. Genotype introduction affects population composition of native Philippine Kappaphycus (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta). Conservation Genet Resour. 8(4):439–441. doi:10.1007/s12686-016-0591-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elias M, Penet L, Vindry P, McKey D, Panaud O, Robert T. 2001. Unmanaged sexual reproduction and the dynamics of genetic diversity of a vegetatively propagated crop plant, cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), in a traditional farming system. Mol Ecol. 10(8):1895–1907. doi:10.1046/j.0962-1083.2001.01331.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faisan JP, Luhan MRJ, Sibonga RC, Mateo JP, Ferriols VMEN, Brakel J, Ward GM, Ross S, Bass D, Stentiford GD, et al. 2021. Preliminary survey of pests and diseases of eucheumatoid seaweed farms in the Philippines. J Appl Phycol. 33(4):2391–2405. doi:10.1007/s10811-021-02481-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FAO. 2020. The state of world fisheries and aquaculture: sustainability in action. Rome (Italy): FAO. p. 1–206. doi: 10.4060/ca9229en.
   Google Scholar
• Fredericq S, Freshwater DW, Hommersand MH. 1999. Observations on the phylogenetic systematics and biogeography of the Solieriaceae (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) inferred from rbcL sequences and morphological evidence. Hydrobiologia. 398/399:25–38. doi:10.1023/A:1017077831840
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frediansyah A. 2021. The antiviral activity of iota-, kappa-, and lambda-carrageenan against COVID-19: A critical review. Clin Epidemiology Glob Health 12:100826. doi: 10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100826.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Froehlich HE, Afflerbach JC, Frazier M, Halpern BS. 2019. Blue growth potential to mitigate climate change through seaweed offsetting. Curr Biol. 29(18):3087–3093.e3. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.07.041
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fry HT. 1970. Alexander Dalrymple (1737–1808) and the expansion of British trade. London (United Kingdom): Frank Cass & Co.
   Google Scholar
• Ganzon-Fortes ET, Trono GC, Villanueva RD, Romero JB, Montaño MNE. 2012. Endong’, a rare variety of the farmed carrageenophyte Eucheuma denticulatum (Burman) Collins & Hervey from the Philippines. J Appl Phycol. 24(5):1107–1111. doi:10.1007/s10811-011-9740-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glenn EP, Doty MS. 1992. Water motion affects the growth rates of Kappaphycus alvarezii and related red seaweeds. Aquaculture 108(3–4):233–246. doi:10.1016/0044-8486(92)90109-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guillemin ML, Faugeron S, Destombe C, Viard F, Correa JA, Valero M. 2008. Genetic variation in wild and cultivated populations of the haploid-diploid red alga Gracilaria chilensis: how farming practices favor asexual reproduction and heterozygosity. Evolution. 62(6):1500–1519. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00373.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo Z, Wei Y, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Zheng L, Zhu B, Yao Z. 2022. Carrageenan oligosaccharides: A comprehensive review of preparation, isolation, purification, structure, biological activities and applications. Algal Res. 61(102593):102593. doi:10.1016/j.algal.2021.102593
   Google Scholar
• Gurav R, Bhatia SK, Choi T-R, Choi Y-K, Kim HJ, Song H-S, Lee SM, Lee Park S, Lee HS, Koh J, et al. 2021. Application of macroalgal biomass derived biochar and bioelectrochemical system with Shewanella for the adsorptive removal and biodegradation of toxic azo dye. Chemosphere 264(Pt 2):128539. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128539
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Halling C, Wikström SA, Lilliesköld-Sjöö G, Mörk E, Lundsør E, Zuccarello GC. 2013. Introduction of Asian strains and low genetic variation in farmed seaweeds: indications for new management practices. J Appl Phycol. 25(1):89–95. doi:10.1007/s10811-012-9842-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardigan MA, Laimbeer FPE, Newton L, Crisovan E, Hamilton JP, Vaillancourt B, Wiegert-Rininger K, Wood JC, Douches DS, Farré EM, et al. 2017. Genome diversity of tuber-bearing Solanum uncovers complex evolutionary history and targets of domestication in the cultivated potato. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 114(46):E9999–E10008. doi:10.1073/pnas.1714380114
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayashi L, de Paula EJ, Chow F. 2007. Growth rate and carrageenan analyses in four strains of Kappaphycus alvarezii (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales) farmed in the subtropical waters of São Paulo State, Brazil. J Appl Phycol. 19(5):393–399. doi:10.1007/s10811-006-9135-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heery EC, Lian KY, Loke LHL, Tan HTW, Todd PA. 2020. Evaluating seaweed farming as an eco-engineering strategy for ‘blue’ shoreline infrastructure. Ecol Eng. 152:105857. doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2020.105857
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hinaloc LAR, Roleda MY. 2021. Phenotypic diversity, growth and sexual differentiation in the progeny of wild Kappaphycus alvarezii (Gigartinales, Florideophyceae). Phycologia 60(6):547–557. doi:10.1080/00318884.2021.1946307
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hopkins NA. 2006. The place of maize in indigenous Mesoamerican folk taxonomies. In: Staller JE, Tykot RH, Benz BF, editors. Histories of maize: Multidisciplinary approaches to the prehistory, linguistics, biogeography, domestication, and evolution of maize. Burlington (MA): Elsevier/Academic Press. p. 612–622.
   Google Scholar
• Hu ZM, Shan TF, Zhang J, Zhang QS, Critchley AT, Choi HG, Yotsukura N, Liu FL, Duan DL. 2021. Kelp aquaculture in China: a retrospective and future prospects. Rev Aquacult. 13(3):1324–1351. doi:10.1111/raq.12524
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurtado AQ. 2013. Different colour morphotypes of Kappaphycus alvarezii and Kappaphycus striatum used in commercial farming. In: Phang SM, Lim PE, editors. Taxonomy of Southeast Asian seaweeds II. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: University of Malaya Press. p. 83–92.
   Google Scholar
• Hurtado AQ, Biter AB. 2007. Plantlet regeneration of Kappaphycus alvarezii var. adik-adik by tissue culture. J Appl Phycol. 19(6):783–786. doi:10.1007/s10811-007-9269-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurtado AQ, Lim PeTan J. Phang SmNeish Ic, Critchley At. 2016. Biodiversity and biogeography of commercial tropical carrageenophytes in the Southeast Asian region. In: Pereira L, editor. Carrageenans: Sources and extraction methods, molecular structure, bioactive properties and health effects. (NY): Nova Science Publishers. p. 51–74.
   Google Scholar
• Hurtado AQ, Neish IC, Critchley AT. 2019. Phyconomy: the extensive cultivation of seaweeds, their sustainability and economic value, with particular reference to important lessons to be learned and transferred from the practice of eucheumatoid farming. Phycologia 58(5):472–483. doi:10.1080/00318884.2019.1625632
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurtado AQ, Yunque DA, Tibubos K, Critchley AT. 2009. Use of Acadian marine plant extract powder from Ascophyllum nodosum in tissue culture of Kappaphycus varieties. J Appl Phycol. 21(6):633–639. doi:10.1007/s10811-008-9395-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hussin H, Khoso A. 2021. Migrant workers in the seaweed sector in Sabah, Malaysia. SAGE Open. 11(3):215824402110475–215824402110412. doi:10.1177/­21582440211047586
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hwang EK, Yotsukura N, Pang SJ, Su L, Shan TF. 2019. Seaweed breeding programs and progress in eastern Asian countries. Phycologia 58(5):484–495. doi:10.1080/00318884.2019.1639436.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jana S, Manna S, Sen KK, Jana S, 2022. Marine biopolymers for oral delivery of drug. In: Jana S, Jana S. editors. Marine biomaterials. Singapore: Springer. p. 1–13.
   Google Scholar
• Jang Y, Shin H, Lee MK, Kwon OS, Shin JS, Kim Y, Kim CW, Lee H, Kim M. 2021. Antiviral activity of lambda-carrageenan against influenza viruses and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Sci Rep. 11(1):821. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-80896-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jayakody MM, Vanniarachchy MPG, Wijesekara I. 2022. Seaweed derived alginate, agar, and carrageenan based edible coatings and films for the food industry: a review. J Food Meas Charact. 16(2):1195–1227. doi:10.1007/s11694-021-01277-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jueterbock A, Minne AJP, Cock JM, Coleman MA, Wernberg T, Scheschonk L, Rautenberger R, Zhang J, Hu ZM. 2021. Priming of marine macrophytes for enhanced restoration success and food security in future oceans. Front Marine Sci 8:658485. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2021.658485.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly ELA, Cannon AL, Smith JE. 2020. Environmental impacts and implications of tropical carrageenophyte seaweed farming. Conserv Biol. 34(2):326–337. doi:10.1111/cobi.13462
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kluyver TA, Jones G, Pujol B, Bennett C, Mockford EJ, Charles M, Rees M, Osborne CP. 2017. Unconscious selection drove seed enlargement in vegetable crops. Evol Lett. 1(2):64–72. doi:10.1002/evl3.6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraft GT. 1997. In memoriam, Maxwell Stanford Doty (1916-1996). Phycologia 36(1):82–90. doi:10.2216/i0031-8884-36-1-82.1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labeyrie V, Thomas M, Muthamia ZK, Leclerc C. 2016. Seed exchange networks, ethnicity, and sorghum ­diversity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 113(1):98–103. doi:10.1073/pnas.1513238112
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Largo DB, Chung IkPhang SmGerung Gs, Sondak CFA. 2017. Impacts of climate change on Eucheuma-Kappaphycus farming. In: Hurtado A, Critchley A, Neish I, editors. Tropical seaweed farming trends, problems and opportunities. Developments in applied phycology, vol 9. Cham: Springer. p. 121–129. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-63498-2_7.
   Google Scholar
• Larson S, Stoeckl N, Fachry ME, Dalvi Mustafa M, Lapong I, Purnomo AH, Rimmer MA, Paul NA. 2021. Women’s well-being and household benefits from seaweed farming in Indonesia. Aquaculture 530:735711. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735711
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Y, Liu N, Wang X, Tang X, Zhang L, Meinita MDN, Wang G, Yin H, Jin Y, Wang H, et al. 2018. Comparative genomics and systematics of Betaphycus, Eucheuma, and Kappaphycus (Solieriaceae: Rhodophyta) based on mitochondrial genome. J Appl Phycol. 30(6):3435–3443. doi:10.1007/s10811-018-1450-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liao LM. 1996. Validation of names transferred to Kappaphycus Doty from. Eucheuma J. Agardh (Rhodophyta: Solieriaceae). Philipp J Sci. 125(2):158–160.
   Google Scholar
• Liao LM. 2013. An early 18th century account of marine algae from the Philippines. Philipp J Sci. 142(Spec Iss):113–117.
   Google Scholar
• Lim P-E, Yang L-E, Tan J, Maggs CA, Brodie J. 2017. Advancing the taxonomy of economically important red seaweeds (Rhodophyta). Eur J Phycol. 52(4):438–451. doi:10.1080/09670262.2017.1365174
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu F, Hou P, Zhang H, Tang Q, Xue C, Li RW. 2021. Food-grade carrageenans and their implications in health and disease. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 20(4):3918–3936. doi:10.1111/1541-4337.12790
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loko YLE, Ewedje E-E, Orobiyi A, Djedatin G, Toffa J, Gbemavo CDSJ, Tchakpa C, Gavoedo D, Sedah P, Sabot F. 2021. On-farm management of rice diversity, varietal preference criteria, and farmers’ perceptions of the African (Oryza glaberrima Steud.) versus Asian rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the Republic of Benin (West Africa): Implications for breeding and conservation. Econ Bot. 75(1):1–29. doi:10.1007/s12231-021-09515-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansa RF, Chen WC, Yeo S, Farm Y, Bakar HA, Sipaut CS, 2013. Fermentation study on macroalgae Eucheuma cottonii for bioethanol production via varying acid hydrolysis. In: Pogaku R, Sarbatly RH, editors. Advances in biofuels. Boston (MA): Springer. p. 219–240.
   Google Scholar
• Marchi F, Plastino EM. 2020. Codominant inheritance of polymorphic color mutant and characterization of a bisexual mutant of Gracilaria caudata (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta). J Appl Phycol. 32(6):4385–4398. doi:10.1007/s10811-020-02199-w
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matanjun P, Mohamed S, Mustapha NM, Muhammad K. 2009. Nutrient content of tropical edible seaweeds, Eucheuma cottonii, Caulerpa lentillifera and Sargassum polycystum. J Appl Phycol. 21(1):75–80. doi:10.1007/s10811-008-9326-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mateo JP, Campbell I, Cottier-Cook EJ, Luhan MRJ, Ferriols VMEN, Hurtado AQ. 2021. Understanding biosecurity: knowledge, attitudes and practices of seaweed farmers in the Philippines. J Appl Phycol. 33(2):997–1010. doi:10.1007/s10811-020-02352-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mattes V. 2014. Types of reduplication: A case study of Bikol. Berlin (Germany): De Gruyter Mouton.
   Google Scholar
• McKey D, Elias M, Pujol B, Duputié A. 2010. The evolutionary ecology of clonally propagated domesticated plants. New Phytol. 186(2):318–332. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03210.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKim JM, Willoughby JA, Blakemore WR, Weiner ML. 2019. Clarifying the confusion between poligeenan, degraded carrageenan, and carrageenan: A review of the chemistry, nomenclature, and in vivo toxicology by the oral route. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 59(19):3054–3073. doi:10.1080/10408398.2018.1481822
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendoza WG, Montaño NE, Ganzon-Fortes ET, Villanueva R. 2002. Chemical and gelling profile of ice-ice infected carrageenan from Kappaphycus striatum (Schmitz) Doty “sacol” strain (Solieriaceae, Gigartinales, Rhodophyta). J Appl Phycol. 14(5):409–418. doi:10.1023/A:1022178119120
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer RS, DuVal AE, Jensen HR. 2012. Patterns and processes in crop domestication: an historical review and quantitative analysis of 203 global food crops. New Phytol. 196(1):29–48. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04253.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morokutti-Kurz M, Fröba M, Graf P, Große M, Grassauer A, Auth J, Schubert U, Prieschl-Grassauer E. 2021. Iota-carrageenan neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 and inhibits viral replication in vitro. PLoS ONE 16(2):e0237480. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0237480
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Msuya FE, Hurtado AQ. 2017. The role of women in seaweed aquaculture in the Western Indian Ocean and South-East Asia. Eur J Phycol. 52(4):482–494. doi:10.1080/09670262.2017.1357084
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nantale G, Kakudidi EK, Karamura DA, Soka G. 2008. Scientific basis for banana cultivar proportions on-farm in East Africa. Afr Crop Sci J. 16(1):41–49. doi: 10.4314/acsj.v16i1.54338.
   Google Scholar
• Narvarte BCV, Genovia TGT, Hinaloc LAR, Roleda MY. 2022. Growth, nitrate uptake kinetics, and biofiltration potential of eucheumatoids with different thallus morphologies. J Phycol. 58(1):12–21. doi:10.1111/jpy.13229
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naylor RL, Hardy RW, Buschmann AH, Bush SR, Cao L, Klinger DH, Little DC, Lubchenco J, Shumway SE, Troell M. 2021. A 20-year retrospective review of global aquaculture. Nature 591(7851):551–563. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03308-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neish IC, Sepulveda M, Hurtado Aq, Critchley At. 2017. Reflections on the commercial development of eucheumatoid seaweed farming. In: Hurtado AQ, Critchley AT, Neish IC, editors. Tropical seaweed farming trends, problems and opportunities: focus on Kappaphycus and Eucheuma. Cham (Switzerland): Springer. p. 1–27. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-63498-2_1.
   Google Scholar
• Nimmo AH. 1986. Recent population movements in the Sulu Archipelago: Implications to Sama culture history. Archipel 32:25–38. doi: 10.3406/arch.1986.2307.
   Google Scholar
• Niwa K, Abe T. 2012. Chimeras with mosaic pattern in archeospore germlings of Pyropia yezoensis Ueda (Bangiales, RHODOPHYTA)(1). J Phycol. 48(3):706–709. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2012.01143.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nor AM, Gray TS, Caldwell GS, Stead SM. 2017. Is a cooperative approach to seaweed farming effectual? An analysis of the seaweed cluster project (SCP), Malaysia. J Appl Phycol. 29(5):2323–2337. doi:10.1007/s10811-016-1025-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norris JN. 2014. Marine algae of the northern Gulf of California II: Rhodophyta. Smithson Contrib Bot. 96(96):1–555. doi:10.5479/si.19382812.96
   Google Scholar
• Núñez-Resendiz ML, Dreckmann KM, Sentíes A, Wynne MJ, León-Tejera HP. 2019. Eucheumatopsis isiformis gen. & comb. nov. (Solieriaceae, Rhodophyta) from the Yucatan Peninsula, to accommodate Eucheuma isiforme. Phycologia 58(1):51–62. doi:10.1080/00318884.2018.1517536
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Connor K, Kilian A, Hayes B, Hardner C, Nock C, Baten A, Alam M, Topp B. 2019. Population structure, genetic diversity and linkage disequilibrium in a macadamia breeding population using SNP and silicoDArT markers. Tree Genet Genomes 15(24):1–16. doi: 10.1007/s11295-019-1331-z.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pandey J, Scheuring DC, Koym JW, Coombs J, Novy RG, Thompson AL, Holm DG, Douches DS, Miller JC, Vales MI. 2021. Genetic diversity and population structure of advanced clones selected over forty years by a potato breeding program in the USA. Sci Rep. 11(1):1–18. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-87284-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parenrengi A, Dworjanyn S, Syah R, Pongmasak PR, Fahrur M. 2020. Strain selection for growth enhancement of wild and cultivated eucheumatoid seaweed species in Indonesia. JSM 49(10):2453–2464. doi:10.17576/jsm-2020-4910-11
   Google Scholar
• Parker HS. 1974. The culture of the red algal genus Eucheuma in the Philippines. Aquac 3(4):425–439. doi:10.1016/0044-8486(74)90009-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pautasso M, Aistara G, Barnaud A, Caillon S, Clouvel P, Coomes OT, Delêtre M, Demeulenaere E, De Santis P, Döring T, et al. 2013. Seed exchange networks for agrobiodiversity conservation. A review. Agron Sustain Dev. 33(1):151–175. doi:10.1007/s13593-012-0089-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pereira L, Critchley AT. 2020. The COVID 19 novel coronavirus pandemic 2020: seaweeds to the rescue? Why does substantial, supporting research about the antiviral properties of seaweed polysaccharides seem to go unrecognized by the pharmaceutical community in these desperate times? J Appl Phycol. 32(3):1875–1877. doi:10.1007/s10811-020-02143-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Periyasamy C, Anantharaman P, Balasubramanian T. 2014. Social upliftment of coastal fisher women through seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty) farming in Tamil Nadu, India. J Appl Phycol. 26(2):775–781. doi:10.1007/s10811-013-0228-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phang S-M, Yeong H-Y, Lim P-E, Nor ARM, Gan KT. 2010. Commercial varieties of Kappaphycus and Eucheuma in Malaysia. MJS 29(3):214–224. doi:10.22452/mjs.vol29no3.4
   Google Scholar
• Plastino EM, Guimarães M, Matioli SR, Oliveira EC. 1999. Codominant inheritance of polymorphic color variants of Gracilaria domingensis (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta). Genet Mol Biol. 22(1):105–108. doi:10.1590/S1415-47571999000100020
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Purbosari N, Warsiki E, Syamsu K, Santoso J, Effendi I. 2021. Evaluation of the application of seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) extract as fish anesthetic agent. Aquacult Int. 29(4):1545–1560. doi:10.1007/s10499-021-00693-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quiaoit HAR, Uy WH, Bacaltos DGG, Chio PBR. 2016. Seaweed area GIS-based mapping. Production support system for sustainable seaweed farming in the Philippines 2016 report. Cagayan de Oro (Philippines): Xavier University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ramu P, Esuma W, Kawuki R, Rabbi IY, Egesi C, Bredeson JV, Bart RS, Verma J, Buckler ES, Lu F. 2017. Cassava haplotype map highlights fixation of deleterious mutations during clonal propagation. Nat Genet. 49(6):959–963. doi:10.1038/ng.3845
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Risjani Y, Abidin G. 2020. Genetic diversity and similarity between green and brown morphotypes of Kappaphycus alvarezii using RAPD. J Appl Phycol. 32(4):2253–2260. doi:10.1007/s10811-020-02223-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roleda MY, Aguinaldo Z-ZA, Crisostomo BA, Hinaloc LAR, Projimo VZ, Dumilag RV, Lluisma AO. 2021a. Discovery of novel haplotypes from wild populations of Kappaphycus (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) in the Philippines. Algae 36(1):1–12. doi:10.4490/algae.2021.36.2.18
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roleda MY, Heesch S. 2021. Chemical profiling of Ulva species for food applications: What is in a name? Food Chem. 361:130084. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130084
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roleda MY, Hurd CL. 2019. Seaweed nutrient physiology: Application of concepts to aquaculture and bioremediation. Phycologia 58(5):552–562. doi:10.1080/00318884.2019.1622920
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roleda MY, Lage S, Aluwini DF, Rebours C, Brurberg MB, Nitschke U, Gentili FG. 2021b. Chemical profiling of the Arctic sea lettuce Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta) mass-cultivated on land under controlled conditions for food applications. Food Chem. 341(Pt 1):127999. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127999
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roleda MY, Lage S, Aluwini DF, Rebours C, Brurberg MB, Nitschke U, Gentili FG. 2021c. Corrigendum to Chemical profiling of the Arctic sea lettuce Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta) mass-cultivated on land under controlled conditions for food applications. [Food Chemistry, 341 (2021) 127999]. Food Chem. 347(129059):129059. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129059.[PMC][33465689]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rubino C. 2005. Reduplication: form, function and distribution. In: Hurch B, Mattes V, editors. Studies on reduplication. Berlin (Germany): Mouton de Gruyter. p. 11–29.
   Google Scholar
• Saleeby NM. 1908. The History of Sulu. Manila (Philippines): Bureau of Printing.
   Google Scholar
• Santelices B, González V, Beltrán J, Flores V. 2017. Coalescing red algae exhibit noninvasive, reversible chimerism. J Phycol. 53(1):59–69. doi:10.1111/jpy.12476
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santiañez WJE, Wynne MJ. 2020. Establishment of Mimica gen. nov. to accommodate the anaxiferous species of the economically important red seaweed Eucheuma (Solieriaceae, Rhodophyta). Phytotaxa 439(2):167–170. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.439.2.8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidtchen L, Roleda MY, Majschak JP, Mayser M. 2022. Processing technologies for solid and flexible packaging materials from macroalgae. Algal Res. 61:102300. doi:10.1016/j.algal.2021.102300
   Google Scholar
• Smýkal P, Nelson M, Berger J, Von Wettberg E. 2018. The impact of genetic changes during crop domestication. Agronomy 8(7):119. doi:10.3390/agronomy8070119
   Google Scholar
• Surya I, Chong EWN, Abdul Khalil HPS, Funmilayo OG, Abdullah CK, Sri Aprilia NA, Olaiya NG, Lai TK, Oyekanmi AA. 2021. Augmentation of physico-mechanical, thermal and biodegradability performances of bio-precipitated material reinforced in Eucheuma cottonii biopolymer films. J Mater Res Technol. 12:1673–1688. doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.03.055
   Google Scholar
• Suyo JGB, Le Masson V, Shaxson L, Luhan MRJ, Hurtado AQ. 2021. Navigating risks and uncertainties: Risk perceptions and risk management strategies in the Philippine seaweed industry. Mar Policy. 126:104408. doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104408
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan J, Lim PE, Phang SM, Rahiman A, Nikmatullah A, Sunarpi H, Hurtado AQ. 2014. Kappaphycus malesianus sp. nov.: a new species of Kappaphycus (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) from Southeast Asia. J Appl Phycol. 26(2):1273–1285. doi:10.1007/s10811-013-0155-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan J, Lim P-E, Phang S-M, Hong DD, Sunarpi H, Hurtado AQ. 2012. Assessment of four molecular markers as potential DNA barcodes for red algae Kappaphycus Doty and Eucheuma J. Agardh (Solieriaceae, Rhodophyta). PLoS One 7(12):e52905. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052905
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tano SA, Halling C, Lind E, Buriyo A, Wikström SA. 2015. Extensive spread of farmed seaweeds causes a shift from native to non-native haplotypes in natural seaweed beds. Mar Biol. 162(10):1983–1992. doi:10.1007/s00227-015-2724-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teo BSX, Gan RY, Abdul Aziz S, Sirirak T, Mohd Asmani MF, Yusuf E. 2021. In vitro evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Eucheuma cottonii extract and its in vivo evaluation of the wound‐healing activity in mice. J Cosmet Dermatol. 20(3):993–1001. doi:10.1111/jocd.13624
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thien VY, Yong WTL, Anton A, Chin GJWL. 2020. A multiplex PCR method for rapid identification of commercially important seaweeds Kappaphycus alvarezii, Kappaphycus striatus and Eucheuma denticulatum (Rhodophyta, Solieriaceae). Reg Stud Mar Sci. 40:101499. doi:10.1016/j.rsma.2020.101499
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trono GC, Largo DB. 2019. The seaweed resources of the Philippines. Bot Mar. 62(5):483–498. doi:10.1515/bot-2018-0069
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trono GC, Lluisma Ao, Montaño MNE. 2000. Primer on farming and strain selection of Kappaphycus and Eucheuma in the Philippines. Quezon City (Philippines): PCAMRD, UPMSI and UNDP.
   Google Scholar
• Turland NJ, Wiersema Jh, Barrie Fr, Greuter W, Hawksworth Dl, Herendeen Ps, Knapp S, Kusber W-H, Li D-Z, Marhold K, et al. 2018. International code of nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen China, July Regnum Vegetabile 159. Glashütten (Germany): Koeltz Botanical Books. doi: 10.12705/Code.2018.
   Google Scholar
• Usandizaga S, Valenzuela P, Gaitán-Espitia JD, Destombe C, Guillemin ML. 2021. Reproductive effort in the domesticated red alga Agarophyton chilense: differences between farms and natural populations. J Appl Phycol. 33(2):1149–1156. doi:10.1007/s10811-020-02325-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valderrama D, Cai J, Hishamunda N, Ridler N. 2013. Social and economic dimensions of carrageenan seaweed ­farming. Rome (Italy): FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Fisheries and ­aquaculture technical paper no. 580. [accessed 2021 Aug 8]. http://www.fao.org/3/i3344e/i3344e.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Valero M, Guillemin M-L, Destombe C, Jacquemin B, Gachon CMM, Badis Y, Buschmann AH, Camus C, Faugeron S. 2017. Perspectives on domestication research for sustainable seaweed aquaculture. Pip. 4(1):33–46. doi:10.1127/pip/2017/0066
   Google Scholar
• van der Meer JP. 1979. Genetics of Gracilaria tikvahiae (Rhodophyceae). VI. Complementation and linkage analysis of pigmentation mutants. Can J Bot. 57(1):64–68. doi:10.1139/b79-013
   Google Scholar
• Velasquez GT. 1977. History on the local uses of seaweeds. Sci Rev. 18:20–24.
   Google Scholar
• Wade R, Augyte S, Harden M, Nuzhdin S, Yarish C, Alberto F. 2020. Macroalgal germplasm banking for conservation, food security, and industry. PLoS Biol. 18(2):e3000641. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000641
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wambugu PW, Henry R. 2022. Supporting in situ conservation of the genetic diversity of crop wild relatives using genomic technologies. Mol Ecol. doi:10.1111/mec.16402
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Wang Y, Sun X, Caiji Z, Yang J, Cui D, Cao G, Ma X, Han B, Xue D, et al. 2016. Influence of ethnic traditional cultures on genetic diversity of rice landraces under on-farm conservation in southwest China. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 12(1):51. doi: 10.1186/s13002-016-0120-0.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ward GM, Faisan JP, Cottier‐Cook EJ, Gachon C, Hurtado AQ, Lim PE, Matoju I, Msuya FE, Bass D, Brodie J. 2020. A review of reported seaweed diseases and pests in aquaculture in Asia. J World Aquacult Soc. 51(4):815–828. doi:10.1111/jwas.12649
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward GM, Kambey CSB, Faisan JP, Tan PL, Daumic CC, Matoju I, Stentiford GD, Bass D, Lim PE, Brodie J, Poong SW. 2022. Ice-ice disease: an environmentally and microbiologically driven syndrome in tropical seaweed aquaculture. Rev Aquacult. 14(1):414–439. doi:10.1111/raq.12606
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watanabe MM, 2005. Cultures as a means of protecting biological resources: Ex situ conservation of threatened algal species. In Anderson RJ, editor. Algal Culturing Techniques. Burlington: Elsevier Academic Press. p. 419–428.
   Google Scholar
• Xiao X, Agustí S, Yu Y, Huang Y, Chen W, Hu J, Li C, Li K, Wei F, Lu Y, et al. 2021. Seaweed farms provide refugia from ocean acidification. Sci Total Environ. 776:145192. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145192
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang H, Huo Y, Yee JC, Yarish C. 2021. Germplasm cryopreservation of macroalgae for aquaculture breeding and natural resource conservation: A review. Aquaculture 544:737037. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.737037
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zuccarello GC, Critchley AT, Smith J, Sieber V, Lhonneur GB, West JA. 2006. Systematics and genetic variation in commercial Kappaphycus and Eucheuma (Solieriaceae, Rhodophyta). J Appl Phycol. 18(3–5):643–651. doi:10.1007/s10811-006-9066-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar