References
- Abdulahi, M., Ute, J., & Regasa, T. (2017). Prosopis juliflora L: Distribution, Impacts and Available Control Methods in Ethiopia. Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, 20(1), 75–24. Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán Mérida, Yucatán, México.
- Abiyot and Getachew. (2006). The P. juliflora Dilemma, Impact on Dry land Biodiversity and Some Controlling Methods. Journal of the Dry Lands.
- Adger,, W. N. (2006). Vulnerability. Global Environmental Change, 16(3), 268–281. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.02.006
- Ahmed, M., & Rezene, F., 2020. Assessment on the distribution and spread of invasive alien plant species: The case of Zone 1 and 3 of the Afar region, Ethiopia. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.1.10.
- Alam, C., Siwar, B. A., & Talib, A. N. 2017. Wahid Climatic changes and vulnerability of household food accessibility: A study on Malaysian east coast economic region.
- Alemayehu, E. 2006. Irrigation management and institutional arrangement: The case of two irrigation scheme, Northeast Ethiopia. MSc thesis, Addis Ababa University.
- Al-Rawahy, S. H., Al-Dhafri, K., & Al-Bahlani, S. S. (2003). Germination, growth and drought resistance of native and alien plant species of the genus P. juliflora in Sultanate of Oman. Asian Journal of Plant Science, 16(14), 1020–1025. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.02.006
- Ameha, T. 2006. Impact of Prosopis juliflora (sw.dc.) Invasion on plant biodiversity and soil properties in the Middle-Awash Rift Valley, Ethiopia. Msc, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5897/JSSEM12.060
- Anagae, A., Reda, F., Tesfaye, G., Admas, A., & Ayalew, Y. 2004. Policy and stakeholder analysis for invasive plants management in Ethiopia. Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization. Report submitted to CAB International under the PDF-B Phase of the UNEP/GEF-Funded Project: Removing Barriers to Invasive plants Management in Africa, Ethiopia, p. 60.
- Angassa, A., & Oba, G. (2008). Herder perceptions on impacts of range enclosures, crop farming, fire ban and bush encroachment on the rangelands of Borana, southern Ethiopia. Human Ecology, 36(2), 201–215. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-007-9156-z
- Argaw, T. (2015). Impacts of Utilizing Invasive Prosopis juliflora (SWARTZ) DC. on Rural Household Economy at Gewane District.
- Asfaw, H., & Thulin, M. (1989). Mimosoideae. In I. Hedberg & S. Edwards (Eds.), Flora of Ethiopia: Pittosporaceae to Araliaceae (pp. 3). Addis Ababa University/Uppsala University.
- Assessment, M. E. (2005). Biodiversity Synthesis. Washington, DC. (W. R. Institute).
- Bank, W. 2009. Convenient solutions to an inconvenient truth: Ecosystem-based approaches to climate change. Environment Department, The World Bank, Washington, DC, US. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1596/978-0-8213-8126-7.
- Bezabieh, F., & Araya, T. 2002. Spread and status of Parthenium in Tigray Regional State at Woreda level. Tigray Bureau of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Unpublished. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4103/0378-6323.35732-5-73-296.
- Bilal, B., & Matthew,, D. T. (2012). Clarifying competition: The case of wildlife and pastoral livestock in East Africa. Pastoralism: Research, Policy and Practice, 2(9), 1–15. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/2041-7136-2-9.
- Blackburn, T. M., Pettorelli, N., Katzner, T., Gompper, M. E., Mock, K., Garner, T. W. J., Altwegg, R., Redpath, S., & Gordon, I. J., & Blackburn. (2010). Dying for conservation: Eradicating invasive alien species in the face of opposition. Animal Conservation, 13(3), 227–228.
- Bleton, T. (2008). An assessment of this species, and recommendations for management. SAIS Project. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3117-3.
- Bradstock, R. A., & Gill, A. M. (1993). Fire in semiarid, malle shrublands-size of flames from discrete fuel arrays and their role in the spread of fire. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 3(1), 3–12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1071/WF9930003
- Burgess, J., Stirling, A., Clark, J., Davies, G. D., Eames, M., Staley, K., & Williamson, S. 2007. Deliberative mapping: A novel analytic-deliberative methodology to support contested science-policy decisions. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662507077510.
- Byerlee, D., Spielman, D. J., Alemu, D., & Gautam, M. 2007. Policies to Promote Cereal Intensification in Ethiopia: A Review of Evidence and Experience. International Food Policy Research Institute. Development Strategy and Governance Division, Discussion Paper 00707. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2009.12.002.
- CABI. 2011. Prosopis juliflora datasheet. http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/43942
- Cacho, O. J., Wise, R. M., Hester, S. M., & Sinden, J. A. (2008). Bioeconomic modeling for control of weeds in natural environments. Ecological Economics, 65(3), 559–568. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.08.006
- Callon, M. (1999). The role of lay people in the production and dissemination of scientific knowledge. Science Technology and Society, 13(1), 81–94. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341300
- Campbell, K. J., Beek, J., & Eason, C. T. (2015). The next generation of rodent eradications: Innovative technologies and tools to improve species specificity and increase their feasibility on islands. Biological Conservation, 185, 47–58. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2014.10.016
- Catford, J. A., Jansson, R., and Nilsson, C. (2009). Reducing redundancy in invasion ecology by integrating hypotheses into a single theoretical framework. Divers Distrib, 15, 22–40
- CBD. (2009). Invasive Alien Species a threat to Biodiversity. Montreal, Quebec, Canada. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/2175.
- http://www.cbd.int/invasive
- Center, T. D., Hill, M. P., Cordo, H., & Julien, M. H. 2002. Water hyacinth. In R. G. Van Driesche, S. Lyon, B. B. Lossey, M. Hoddle, & R. Reardon Eds., Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the Eastern United States USDA Forest Service, 41–64. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2400.2002.00303.x.
- Chakraborty, S., Tiedemann, A. V., & Teng, P. S. (2000). Climate change: Potential impact on plant diseases. Environmental Pollution, 108(3), 317–326. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00210-9
- Chapman, P. M. (2012). Global climate change and risk assessment: Invasive species. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, 8(1), 199–200. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.1253
- Chaturvedi, O. H., & Sahoo, A. (2013). Nutrient utilization and rumen metabolism in sheep fed Prosopis juliflora pods and Cenchrus grass. Springer Plus, 2, 598. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-2-598
- Chekol, W. (2014). Prosopis juliflora management stakeholder’s analysis in Afar National Regional State, 86–92. GIZ.
- Chenje, M., & Katerere, M. (2006). Invasive Alien Species. In J. C. Mohamed-Katerere, S. Mayar, & H. Editorial Eds., Africa Environment Outlook 2. (331–349). United Nations Environment Programme. Our Environment, Our Wealth.
- Chinwendu, O. G., Sadiku, C. S., Okhimamhe, A., & Eichie, J., 2017. Households vulnerability and adaptation to climate variability induced water stress on downstream Kaduna River Basin American. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4236/ajcc.2017.62013.
- Choge, S., Pasiecznik, N., & Harvey, M. (2007). Prosopis juliflora pods as human food, with special reference to Kenya. Water SA, 33, 419–424. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v33i3.180613.
- Convection of Biological Diversity(CBD). (2005). Invasive Alien Species. Convention on Biological Diversity: http://www.biodiv.org/programmes/crooscutting/alien>
- Coppock, D., Aboud, A., & Kisoyan, P. (2005). Agro-Pastoralists Wrath for the Prosopis Tree: The Case of the Il Chamus of Baringo District, Kenya. Utah State University.
- Davies, J., and Richard, B. (2007). Livelihood adaptation to risk: Constraints and opportunities for pastoral development in Ethiopia’s Afar Region. Journal of Development Studies, 43(3), 490–511
- Day, M. D., Wiley, C. J., Playford, J., & Zalucki, M. P. (2003). Lantana current management status and future prospects (Monograph 102). ACIAR.
- Ding Julien, M. H., Hill, M. P., Center, T. D., & Ding, J. 2001. Water hyacinth in China: Its distribution, problems and control status, Proc. 2nd Meeting of the Global Working Group for the Biolo and Integrated Control of Water hyacinth, Beijing, China, 29–32.
- El-Keblawy. 2002. Causes and Consequences of the Invasion of the Exotic P. Juliflora to the Environment of the UAE In: Third Annual Conference for Research Funded by UAE University. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2004.10.007.
- El-Keblawy, A., & Al-Rawai, A., & El-keblawy and Al-Rawai. (2005). Effect of salinity, temperature and light on germination of invasive P. Journal of Arid Environment, 61(4), 555–565.
- Essa, S., Dohai, B., & Ksiksi, T. 2006. Mapping dynamics of invasive P. juliflora the Northern Emirates of the UAE: An application of Remote Sensing and GIS. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.34015.82085.
- Estévez, R. A., Anderson, C. B., Pizzaro, J. B., and Burgman, M. (2015). Clarifying values, risk perceptions, and attitudes to resolve or avoid social conflicts in invasive species management, Conservation Biology, 29(19), 30
- Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization and Henry Double Day Research Association (EARO and HADRA). 2005. Controlling the spread of Prosopis juliflora in Ethiopia by its utilization. Addis Ababa.
- Evans, H. ca. 1997a. Parthenium hysterophorus: A review of its weed status and the possibilities for biological control Biocontrol News and Information 18: 89–98.
- FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization). (2008a). Climate Change and Food Security: A Framework Document. FAO.
- Farm-Africa. 2009. A livelihood baseline survey in Amibara and Gewane weredas of Afar region. Dynamic Institute for Consultancy and Training. Final Report, 121.
- Felker, P. 2008. pers. comm. cited in: Flintan F. 2008. Prosopis juliflora control and/or utilization.
- Finnoff, D., Shogren, J., Leung, B., & Lodge, D. (2005). The importance of Bioeconomic feedback in invasive species management. Ecological Economics, 52(3), 367–381. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2004.06.020
- Gai, J. P., Feng, G., CAI, X. B., Christi, P., & Li, X. L. (2006). A preliminary survey of the arbuscular mycorrhizal status of grassland plants in southern Tibet. Mycorrhiza, 16(3), 191–196. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-005-0032-7
- Galvin, K. A. (2009). Transitions: Pastoralists living with change. Annual Review of Anthropology, 38, 185–198
- Gay, C., Estrada, F., Conde, C., Eakin, H., & Villers, L. (2006). Potential impacts of climate change on agriculture: A case of study of coffee production in Veracruz, Mexico. Climatic Change, 79(3–4), 259–288. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-006-9066-x
- Gebeye and Berihun Adugna. (2016). Unsustain the sustainable: An evaluation of the legal and policy interventions for pastoral development in Ethiopia. Pastoralism: Research, Policy and Practice, 6(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s13570-016-0049-x.
- Geesing, D., Al-Khawlani, M., & Abba, M. L. (2004). Management of introduced Prosopis species: Can economic exploitation control an invasive species? Unasylva, 55(217).
- Genovesi, P., and Shine, C. (2004). European Strategy on Invasive Alien Species: Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Habitats (Bern Convention). Issues 18-137 of Nature and environment. ISBN: 9287154880, 9789287154880. PP67
- Gerber, N. 2012. The Economics of Land Degradation and the Cost of Action versus Inaction, ZEF/IFPRI. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4159-1_23.
- Giorgis, K. 2014. Agricultural and pastoral technologies and practices for climate change.
- GISP. 2004. Africa Invaded: The Growing Danger of Invasive Alien Species. Global invasive Species Programme, Cape Town. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4337/9781781008645.00007.
- Gizachew., L., & Shimelis., A. (2014). Analysis and mapping of climate change risk and vulnerability in central rift valley of Ethiopia. African Crop Science Journal, 22(Suppl. s4), 807–818.
- Glen, A. S., Atkinson, R., Campbell, K. J. (2013). Eradicating multiple invasive species on inhabited islands: The next big step in island restoration? Biological Invasions, 15(12), 2589–2603. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-013-0495-y
- Grice, A. C. (2006). The impacts of invasive plant species on the biodiversity of Australian rangelands. The Rangeland Journal, 28(1), 27–35. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1071/RJ06014
- Gunaseelan. (1987). Parthenium as an additive with cattle manure in biogas production. Biol Wastes, 28(3), 195–202. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0269-7483(87)90125-X
- Habtamu, K. (2015). Invasive Alien Weed Species Impacts on Biodiversity and Socio-Economic Aspect in Ethiopia: A Review. Int. J. Sci. Res, 4(10), 2179–2185
- Hailu, S. 2002. Some biological characteristics that foster the invasion of Prosopis juliflora at Middle-Awash Rift Valley area, Northeastern Ethiopia. MSc, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2003.08.011.
- Hailu, S., Demel, T., Sileshi, N., & Fassil, A. (2004). Some biological characteristics that foster the invasion of P.juliflora (Sw.) DC at Middle Awash Rift Valley, North-eastern Ethiopia. Journal of Arid Environment, 58, 34–153. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2003.08.011.
- Haji, J., & Mohammed, A. (2013). Economic impact of Prosopis juliflora on agro pastoral households of Dire Dawa Administration, Ethiopia. African Journal Of. Agricultural Research, 8, 768–779.
- Haregewyn, N., Tsunekawa, M., & Tsubo, D. (2013). Analysis of the invasion rate, impacts and control measures of Prosopis juliflora: A case study of Amibara District, Eastern Ethiopia. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 185(9), 7527–7542. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3117-3
- Harvey, C. A., Rakotobe, Z. L., Rao, N. S., Dave, R., Razafimahatratra, H., Rabarijohn, H., Rajaofara, H., and MacKinnon, J. L. (2014). Extreme vulnerability of smallholder farmers to agricultural risks and climate change in Madagascar. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0089.
- Heller, N. E., & Zavaleta, E. S. (2009). Biodiversity management in the face of climate change: A review of 22 years of recommendations. Biological Conservation, 142, 14–32. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2008.10.006.
- Hellmann, J. J., Byers, J. E. (2008). Five potential consequences of climate change for invasive species. Conservation Biology, 22(3), 534–543. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00951.x.
- Houghton, R. A. (2007). Balancing the global carbon budget. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 35, 313–347. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.35.031306.140057.
- Hughes. (2006). Changes in aboveground primary production and carbon and nitrogen pools accompanying woody plant encroachment in a temperate savanna. Global Change Biology, 12, 1733–1747. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01210.x.
- Hulme, P. E. (2006). Beyond control: wider implications for the management of biological invasions. Journal of Applied Ecology, 43, 835–847
- Ilukor, J., Birner, R., Tilahun, M., and Getu, S. (2016). To eradicate or not to eradicate? Recommendations on Prosopis juliflora management in Afar, Ethiopia, from an interdisciplinary perspective. Pastoralism: Research, Policy and Practice, 6, 14. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s13570-016-0061-1.
- International Union for the Conservation of Nature. 2000. IUCN Guidelines for the Prevention of Biodiversity Loss Caused by Alien Invasive Species. Paper presented at the Fifth Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, 15–26 May 2000, Nairobi, Kenya. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2000.6.457.
- IPCC. 2000. IPCC Special report on emissions scenarios Nebojsa Nakicenovic, Robert Swart (Eds.), Special Report on Emissions Scenarios, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK (2000), p. 612. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.670200208.
- Jarvis, B. B. (1985). Allelopathic agents from Parthenium hysterophorus and Baccharis megapotamica. In A. C. Thompson, et al., (Ed.), the chemistry of allelopathy, Biochemical interactions among plants (pp. 149–159). American Chemical Society. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-1985-0268.ch010.
- Jorn, L. 2007. Is Prosopis a curse or a blessing? An ecological–economic analysis of an invasive alien tree species in Sudan. Helsinki: Vikki Tropical Resources Institute (VITRI), University of Helsinki. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3117-3.
- Kahn, E., Jackson, R. J., Lyman, D. O. and Stratton, J. W. (1990). A crisis of community anxiety and mistrust: the Medfly eradication project in Santa Clara County, California, 1981–82. American Journal of Public Health, 80, 1304
- Karuppaiah, V., & Sujayanad, G. K. (2012). Impact of Climate Change on Population Dynamics of Insect Pests. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 8(3), 240–246. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77878-5.
- Kathiresan, R. M., Gnanavel, I., Anbhazhagan, R., Padmaria, S. P., & Vijayalakshmi, N. K. 2005. Ecology and control of Parthenium invasion in command area. Proceedings of Second International Conference on Parthenium Management 5-7 Dec 2005. Bangalore, India. 77–80.
- Lakshmi, C., & Srinivas, C. R. (2007). Parthenium: A wide angle view. Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, 73, 296–306. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4103/0378-6323.35732.
- Lavers. (2012). Patterns of agrarian transformation in Ethiopia: State-mediated commercialization and the ‘land-grab’. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 39(3–4), 795–822. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2012.660147.
- Lindoso, D. P., Rocha, J. D., Debortoli, N., Parente, I. C. I., Eiró, F., Bursztyn, M., Rodrigues Filho, S. (2012). Indicators for Assessing the Vulnerability of Smallholder Farming to Climate Change: The Case of Brazil, Semi-Arid Northeastern Region. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-014-1116-1.
- López-i-Gelats, F., Evan, D. G., Fraser, J., Morton, F., Marta, G., & Ferre, R. (2016). What drives the vulnerability of pastoralists to global environmental change? A qualitative meta-analysis. Global Environmental Change, 39, 258–274. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.05.011.
- Mahn, M., Getachew, G., & Rettberg, S. (2010). Pathways and dead ends of pastoral development among the Afar Karrayu in Ethiopia. European Journal for Development Research, 22, 660–677. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1057/ejdr.2010.37.
- Maishi, A. I. Ali, P. K. S., Chaghtai, S. A., and Khan, G. (1998). A proving of Parthenium hysterophorus. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/s0007-0785(98)80005-7.
- Maitima, J. M., Mugatha, S. M., Reid, R. S., Gachimbi, L. N., Majule, A., & Lyaruu, H. (2009). The linkages between land use change. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 3(10), 310–325.
- Makki, F. (2012). Power and property: Commercialization, enclosures, and the transformation of agrarian relations in Ethiopia. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 39(1), 81–104
- Marshall, N. A., Gordon, I. J., Ash, A. J. (2011). The reluctance of resource-users to adopt seasonal climate forecasts that can enhance their resilience to climate variability. Clim. Ch. 107, 511–529
- Masters, G., Baker, P., & Flood, J. 2010. Climate change and agricultural commodities. CABI Working Paper 2, 38. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-019-01083-y.
- McNeeley, J. A., Mooney, H. A., Neville, L. E., Schei, P., & Waage, J. K. 2001. Global Strategy on Invasive Alien Species. UCN – the World Conservation Union, Gland. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1126/science.292.5521.1486a.
- Mehari and Zeraye, H. (2015). The invasion of Prosopis juliflora and Afar pastoral livelihoods in the Middle Awash area of Ethiopia. Ecological Processes, 4(13), 1–9. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-015-0039-8.
- Menike and Arachchi. (2016). L. Menike, K.K. Arachchi Adaptation to climate change by smallholder farmers in rural communities: Evidence from Sri Lanka. Procedia Food Science, 6(2016), 288–292. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.057.
- Midgley, J. M., Hill, M. P., & Villet, M. H. (2006). The effect of water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes (Martius) Solms-Laubach (Pontederiaceae), on benthic biodiversity in two impoundments on the New Year’s River, South Africa. Afr. J. Aqua Science, 31(1), 25–30. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2989/16085910609503868.
- Minchinton, T. E., Simpson, J. C., & Bertness, M. D. (2006). Mechanisms of exclusion of native coastal marsh plants by an invasive grass. Journal of Ecology, 94, 342–354. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2006.01099.x.
- Mintewab, B., Di Falco, S., & Kohlin, G. 2010. Explaining Investment in Soil Conservation: Weather Risk, Rate of Time Preferences and Tenure Security in the Highlands of Ethiopia, London School of Economics and Political Science.
- Moa, W., & Al-Humaid, A. I. (1998). Allelopathic effects of Prosopis juliflora foliage on seed germination and seedling growth of Bermuda grass (Cyanodondactylon). Journal of Arid Environment, 38, 237–243. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1006/jare.1997.0312.
- Mooney, H., Larigauderie, A., Cesario, M., Elmquist, T., Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Lavorel, S., Mace, G. M., Palmer, M., Scholes, R., & Yahara, T. (2009). Biodiversity, climate change, and ecosystem services. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 1(1), 46–54. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2009.07.006.
- Morton, J. F. (2007). The impact of climate change on smallholder and subsistence agriculture. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104, 19680–19685. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0701855104.
- Muanda, P., Kibet, Y., & Morimoto, M. (2009). Impact of Prosopis juliflora on Kenya’s semi-arid and arid ecosystems and local livelihoods. Biodiversity, 10(2&3), 33–49. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2009.9712842.
- Munyati, C., Shaker, P., & Phasha, M. G. (2010). Using remotely sensed imagery to monitor savanna rangeland deterioration through woody plant proliferation: A case study from communal and biodiversity conservation rangeland sites in Mokopane, South Africa. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 10, 1583–1584. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-010-1583–4.
- Muturi, G. M. 2012. Ecological impacts of Prosopis invasion in riverine forests of Kenya, PhD Thesis. Wageningen University. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2013.01.010.
- Mwangi, E. A., & Shallow, B. (2005). Invasion of P. juliflora and local livelihoods: Case study from the lake Baringo area of Kenya. ICRAF working paper-No.3, World Agroforestry, Nairobi, Kenya.orth-eastern Ethiopia. Journal of Arid Environment, 58, 34–153. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5716/wp13657.pdf.
- Navarro, L., & Phiri, G. 2000. Water hyacinth in Africa and the Middle East. A survey of problems and solutions. International Development Research Centre, Ottawa (CA).
- Negussie, Z., Legesse, B., Mohamed, J. H., & Aredo, M. K. (2017). Impacts of Prosopis juliflora invasion on livelihoods of pastoral and agro-pastoral households of Dire Dawa Administration, Ethiopia. Pastoralism: Research, Policy and Practice, 7(7), 1–14. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s13570-017-0079-z
- Njoroge, J. M. (1991). Tolerance of Bidenspilosaand Parthenium hysterophorus L. to paraquat (Gramaxone) in Kenya coffee. Kenya-Coffee, 56, 999–1001
- Odour, N. M., & Joseph, K. G. (2013). Fuel-wood energy properties of Prosopis juliflora and Prosopis pallida grown in Baringo District, Kenya. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 8(21), 2476–2481. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR08.221.
- Owens, S. (2000). ‘Engaging the public’: information and deliberation in environmental policy. Environment and Planning A, 32, 1141– 1148
- Pandey, H. N., & Dubey, S. K. (1993). Growth and population of an exotic weed Parthenium hysterophorus Linn. Proceedings of Indian Academy of Sciences, Plant Sciences, 99, 51. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1614/0043-1745(2003)051[0191:grapor]2.0.co;2.
- Parmesan, C. (2006). “Ecological and evolutionary responses to recent climate change.”. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 37, 637–669. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.37.091305.110100.
- Pasiecznik, N. M., Felker, P., & Harris, P. J. ca. 2001. The Prosopis juliflora–Prosopis pallida complex: A mono-graph. Coventry: HDRA. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-004-6682-5.
- Pasiecznik, N. M., Harris, P. J. C., & Smith, S. J. 2003. Identifying Tropical P. juliflora Species: A Field Guid. HDRA, Coventry, UK.
- Pasiecznik, N. M., & Smith, S. J. 2004. Identifying tropical Prosopis species: A field guide. Field Guide. Coventry: HDRA. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-015-0039-8.
- Pejchar, L., & Mooney, H. A. (2009). Invasive species, ecosystem-tem services and human wellbeing. Trends in Ecology &evolution, 24, 497–504. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/2009/03/016.
- Perrings, C. (2005). Mitigation and adaptation strategies for the control of biological invasions. Ecological Economics, 52, 315–325. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2004.08.001.
- Pimentel, D. 2001. Biological invasions: Economic and environmental costs of alien plant, animal and plant microbe species. Boca Raton: CRC. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1201/b10938.
- Pyšek Petr, D. M., Richardson, R. M., Grady, L., Webster, W. M., & Jan, K. (2004). Alien plants in checklists and floras: Towards better communication between taxonomists and ecologists. Taxon, 53(1), 131–143. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/4135498.
- Reaser, J., Meyerson, L., Cronk, Q., De Poorter, M., Eldrege, L., Green, E., Vaiutu, L. (2007). Ecological and Socioeconomic Impacts of Invasive Alien Species in Island Ecosystems. Environmental Conservation, 34(2), 98–111. doi:10.1017/S0376892907003815
- Redie, B. (2014). Environmental change, conflicts and problems of sustainable development in the horn of Africa. African and Asian Studies, 13(3), 291–314. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1163/15692108/12341300
- Reed, M. S., Podesta, G., Fazey, I., Geeson, N., Hessel, R., Hubacek, K. (2013). Combining analytical frameworks to assess livelihood vulnerability to climate change and analyze adaptation options. Ecol Econ, 94, 66–77
- Richardson, D. M., Bond, W. J., Dean, W. R. J., Higgins, S. I., Midgley, G. F., Milton, S. J., Powrie, L. W., Rutherford, M. C., Samways, M. J., & Schulze, R. E. (2000). Invasive alien species and global change: A South African perspective. In H. A. Mooney & R. J. Hobbs (Eds.), Invasive Species in a Changing World (pp. 303–349). Island Press. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4523-7_27.
- Roy, B., & Kerven, ca. 2013. Replacing pastoralism with irrigated agriculture. In Pastoralism and development in Africa: Dynamic change at the margins, ed. Andy Catley, Jeremy Lind, and Ian Scoones, 57–70.
- Runge, M. C., Grand, J. B., & Mitchell, M. S. (2013). Structured decision making. Wildlife Management and Conservation: Contemporary Principles and Practices (eds P.R. Krausman and J.W. Cain). The John Hopkins University Press. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2981/0909-6396-19.4.496.
- RYA, F. (2012). US Forest Service Technical Assistance Trip to Ethiopia: Invasive Species Management: US Forest Service, cited in: Yibekal Abebe Tessema: Ecological and Economic Dimensions of the Paradoxical Invasive Species- Prosopis juliflora and Policy Challenges in Ethiopia. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 3(8). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2012.3.2.05.
- Said, A. A. 2015. Prosopis juliflora in Ethiopia: Reflecting on government policy, institutional framework and working modalities - the case of Afar Region. Exploring Prosopis management & policy options in the Greater Horn of Africa, Proceedings of a Regional Conference, 26th-27th November 2014, and 8–9. London: Pastoral and Environmental Network in the Horn of Africa (PENHA).
- Sarah, L., Hinchliffe, C. S., & McDonald, R. A., 2016. Invasive species management will benefit from social impact assessment. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12817.
- Sawal, R. K., Ram, R., and Yadav, S. B. S. (2004). Mesquite (Prosopis juliflora) pods as a feed resource for livestock - a review. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
- SCBD. 2009. Invasive Alien Species: A Threat to Biodiversity. Secretariat to the Convention on Biological Diversity, Montreal, Canada. 45. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v46i1.7412.
- Seifu, A., Tamirat, A., Merawi, E., Birahanu, T., Mulatu, A., & Emshaw, Y. (2016). Assessment of the Invasive Alien Plant Species Mimosa diplotricha in Shebe-Sombo, Kersa and Seka-Chekorsa Districts, Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, 1(2), 20–24. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11648/20160102.12.
- Sertse, D. (2005). Controlling the spread of P. Juliflora in Ethiopia by Its Utilization. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plu027.
- Simberloff, D. (2008). We can eliminate invasions or live with them. Successful management projects. Biol Invasions, 11, 149–157. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-008-9317–z
- Shackleton, R., David, T., Le Maitre, C., & Richardson, D. M. (2015). Stakeholder perceptions and practices regarding Prosopis (mesquite) invasions and management in South Africa. Ambio, 44, 569–581. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-014-0597-5.
- Sharma, G. P., Raghubanshi, A. S., & Singh, J. S. (2005). Lantana invasion: An overview. Weed Biology and Management, 5, 157–165. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-6664.2005.00178.x.
- Shashitu, B. 2008. Assessment of insect natural enemies associated with mesquite (Prosopis spp.) in Amibara district, Afar Regional State. MSc, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.1.10.
- Shiferaw, H., Teketay, D., Nemomissa, S., & Assefa, F. (2004). Some biological characteristics that foster the invasion of Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC at Middle Awash Rift Valley Area, north-eastern Ethiopia. Journal of Arid Environments. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2003.08.011.
- Simberloff, D. (2000). Global climate change and introduced species in United States forests. The Science of the Total Environment, 262, 253–261. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/s0048-9697(00)00527-1.
- Simberloff, D., Martin, J. L., & Genovesi, P. (2013). Impacts of biological invasions: What’s what and the way forward. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 28, 58–66. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2012.07.013.
- Sintayehu, D. W., Dalle, G., & Bobasa, A. F., 2020. Impacts of climate change on current and future invasion of Prosopis juliflora in Ethiopia: Environmental and socio-economic implications. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04596.
- Smit and Wandel. (2006). Adaptation, adaptive capacity and vulnerability. Global Environmental Change, 16(2006), 282–292. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.03.008.
- Stave, J., Oba, G., Nordal, I., and Stenseth, N. C. (2007). Traditional ecological knowledge of a riverine forest in Turkana, Kenya: Implications for research and management. Biodiversity and Conservation. 16. 1471–1489. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-006-9016-y.
- Stefan, A. 2005. Spread of the introduction tree Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC in the Lake Baringo area, Kenya. Institution for skoglig vegetation sekologi, Grafiskaenheten, SLU, Ume. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5716/wp13657.pdf.
- Stein, R. B. D., de Toledo, L. R., de Almeida, F. Q., Arnaut, C., Patitucci, L. T., Neto, J. S., and da Costa, V. T. M. (2005). Effects of feeding mesquite pod meal (Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) DC) for horses. Revista Brasileira De Zootecnia-Brazilian Journal of Animal Science 34, 1240–1247
- Surafel Luleseged, T., & Asfaw, A. (2012). Modeling the expansion of Prosopis juliflora and determining its optimum utilization rate to control its invasion in Afar Regional State of Ethiopia. International Journal of Applied Mathematical Research, 1(4), 726–743. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.14419/ijamr.v1i4.200.
- Tadesse, B., & Adaye, Y. (2007). Afar - the impact of local conflict on regional stability, Policy Paper, Institute for Security Studies. Institute for Security Studies.
- Takele, W. (2006). Range-livestock production, utilization and condition assessment of the rangelands in Sewena, Bale zone, southeast Oromia, Ethiopia. MSc. Thesis, Haramaya University, Ethiopia
- Tamado, T., Schütz, W., & Milberg, P. (2002). Germination ecology of the weed Parthenium hysterophorus L. in eastern Ethiopia. The Annals of Applied Biology, 140, 263–270. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.2002.tb00180.x.
- Tamiru, G. (2017). Invasive Alien Weed Species Distribution, Impacts on Agriculture, Challenge and Reaction in Ethiopia: A Review. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 7(7), 136. ISSN 2224–3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X
- Tao, S., Xu, Y., Liu, K., Pan, J., & Gou, S. (2011). Research progress in agricultural vulnerability to climate change Adv. Climate Change Research, 2, 203–210. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1248.2011.00203.
- Taush, R. J. 2008. ‘Invasive Plants and Climate Change’. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Climate Change Resource Center. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470958674.ch6.
- Taye, T. 2002. Investigation of Pathogens for Biological control of Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) in Ethiopia. PhD thesis, Humboldt– Universitatzu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-GartnerischenFakultat, Berlin. pp. 152. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.17352/ojps.000012.
- Teshome, A. (2006). Traditional utilization practices and condition assessment of the rangelands in Rayitu district of Bale zone, Ethiopia. MSc Thesis, Haramay University, Ethiopia
- Tessema, T., Ulrichs, C., & Buettner, ca. 2009. Invasive alien plant species in Ethiopia: Impact, challenges, and responses. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15406/ijmboa.2018.03.00072.
- Thornton, P. K., Jones, P. G., Owiyo, T. M., Kruska, R. L., Herrero, M., Kristjanson, P., Notenbaert, A., Bekele, N., & Orindi, V. 2006. Mapping climate vulnerability and poverty in Africa. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2018.06.002.
- Toft, J. D., Simenstad, C. A., Cordell, J. R., & Grimaldo, L. F. (2003). The effects of introduced Water Hyacinth on habitat structure, invertebrate assemblages and fish diets. Estuaries, 26(3), 746–758. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02711985.
- Tsegaye, D., Vedeld, P., & Moe, S. R. (2013). Pastoralists and livelihoods: A case study from northern Afar, Ethiopia. Journal of Arid Environments, 91, 138–146. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2013.01.002
- Vanclay, F. (2012). The potential application of social impact assessment in integrated coastal zone management. Ocean and Coastal Management, 68, 149– 156
- Vanclay, F., Estevez, A. M., Aucamp, I., & Franks, D. M. (2015). Social Impact Assessment: Guidance for Assessing and Managing the Social Impacts of Projects. International Association for Impact Assessment, Fargo, ND, USA. Pact Assessment and Project Appraisal, 21(1), 3–4. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3152/147154603781766464.
- Varela-Ortega, C., Esteve, P., Blanco, I., & Carmona, G., 2013. Assessment of Socio-Economic and Climate Change Effects on Water Resources and Agriculture in Southern and Eastern Mediterranean countries. MEDPRO Technical Paper No. 28/March 2013. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2012.10.008.
- Vitousek, P. M., D’Antonio, C. M., Loope, L. L., Rejmanek, M., & Westbrooks, R. (1997). ‘Introduced Species: A significant component of human-caused global Change’. New Zealand Journal of Ecology, 21, 1–16. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(87)90026-7
- Wakie, T., Evangelista, P., & Laituri, M. 2012. Utilization assessment of Prosopis juliflora in Afar Region, Ethiopia. US Forest Service, USDA Office of International Programs, USAID Pastoral Livelihoods Initiative II Project (PLI II). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.29015.27046.
- Wakie, T., Melinda Laituri, T., & Evangelista, P. H. (2016). Assessing the distribution and impacts of Prosopis juliflora through participatory approaches. Applied Geography, 66, 132–143. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2015.11.017.
- Wakie, T., Paul, T., Catherine, H. E., Jarnevich, S., & Melinda, L. (2014). Mapping current and potential distribution of non-native Prosopis juliflora in the Afar Region of Ethiopia. PloS One, 9(11), 1–9. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0112854.
- White, P. C. L., Ford, A. E. S., Clout, M. N., Engeman, R. M., & Sugoto, R. S. G. R. (2008). Alien invasive vertebrates in ecosystems: Pattern, process and the social dimension. Wildlife Research, 35, 171–179. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1071/wr08058.
- Witt, A. B. R. (2010). Biofuels and invasive species from an African perspective A review. GCB Bioenergy, 2, 321–329. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1757-1707.2010.01063.x.
- Yadav, H., & Argaw, A. (2016). Biodegradation of Lantana camara using different animal manures and assessing its manurial value for organic farming. South Indian Journal of Biological Sciences, 2(1), 52–60. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22205/sijbs/2016/v2/i1/100344.
- Zalom, F., Grieshop, J., Lelea, M. A., & Sedell, J. K. 2013. Community Perceptions of Emergency Responses to Invasive Species in California: Case Studies of the Light Brown Apple Moth and the European Grapevine. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/ae/60.4.244.
- Zimmerman, H. G. (1991). Biological control of mesquite, Prosopis spp. (Fabaceae), in South Africa. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 37, 18–175. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(91)90145-N.