Assessing the effectiveness of a water safety program for junior high school students in Japan¹

References

• Aarø, L. E., & Rise, J. (1996). The Human Factor. Can Accident Be Prevented Through Attitude Changes? SF-Report, 5–16.
   Google Scholar
• Ajzen, I. (1988). Attitudes, personality, and behavior. Open University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Araki, A., & Sano, H. (1993). First time swimming in clothes—Survival techniques to swim with clothes—Sankaido. 62–121.
   Google Scholar
• Asher, K. N., Rivara, F. P., Felix, D., Vance, L., & Dunne, R. (1995). Water safety training as a potential means of reducing the risk of young children’s drowning. Injury Prevention, 1(4), 228–233. https://doi.org/10.1136/ip.1.4.228
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bandura, A. (1969). Principles of behavior modification. Rinehart & Winston.
   Google Scholar
• Blum, C., & Shield, J. (2000). Toddler drowning in domestic swimming pools. Injury Prevention, 6(4), 288–290. https://doi.org/10.1136/ip.6.4.288
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brenner, R. A., Taneja, G. S., Haynie, D. L., Trumble, A. C., Qian, C., Klinger, R. M., & Klebanoff, M. A. (2009). Association between swimming lessons and drowning in childhood: A case-control study. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 163(3), 203–210. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpediatrics.2008.563
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan, D. K. C., Hamamura, T., Li, L. M. W., & Zhang, X. (2017). Effect of human development on the relationship between generalised trust and health: An international cross-sectional investigation. The Lancet, 390, S105. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)33243-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan, D. K. C., Lee, A. S. Y., & Hamilton, K. (2020). Descriptive epidemiology and correlates of children’s swimming competence. Journal of Sports Sciences, 38(19), 2253–2263. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2020.1776947
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chauvin, M., Kosatsky, T., Bilodeau-Bertrand, M., Gamache, P., Smargiassi, A., & Auger, N. (2020). Hot weather and risk of drowning in children: Opportunity for prevention. Preventive Medicine, 130, 105885. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.105885
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi, S. W., Kurokawa, T., & Ebisu, Y. (1994). Effect of clothes on physical and physiological exercise intensity during swimming in a group of children. Bulletin of the Faculty of Education Hiroshima University, 43, 171–177.
   Google Scholar
• Cody, B. E., Quraishi, A. Y., Dastur, M. C., & Mickalide, A. D. (2004). Clear danger: A national study of childhood drowning and related attitudes and behaviors. National Safe Kids Campaign.
   Google Scholar
• The community Safety Bureau of the National Police Agency. (2020). Overview of water accidents in the first year of Reiwa. https://www.npa.go.jp/publications/statistics/safetylife/chiiki/R01suinan_gaikyou.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Davey, M., Callinan, S., & Nertney, L. (2019). Identifying risk factors associated with fatal drowning accidents in the paediatric population: A review of international evidence. Cureus, 11(11), e6201. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.6201
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drupsteen, L., Groeneweg, J., & Zwetsloot, G. I. (2013). Critical steps in learning from incidents: Using learning potential in the process from reporting an incident to accident prevention. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics: JOSE, 19(1), 63–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2013.11076966
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebisu, Y., Ueda, T., Fujishima, K., Okaki, T., Hotta, N., Kanatani, S., Taimura, A., Mizutomi, H., Otoki, S., Suga, M., & Shouno, T. (2001). Body temperature, hormonal and metabolic responses during swimming with clothes and swimming with swimsuit in cold water at 21°C. Journal of Health Sciences, 23, 17–23.
   Google Scholar
• Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fralick, M., Denny, C. J., & Redelmeier, D. A. (2013). Drowning and the influence of hot weather. PloS One, 8(8), e71689. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0071689
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franklin, R. C., & Peden, A. E. (2017). Improving pool fencing legislation in Queensland, Australia: Attitudes and impact on child drowning fatalities. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(12), 1450. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14121450
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franklin, R., & Scarr, J. (2014). In Drowning. A framework for prevention 153–163. Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Gagnè, R. M., Wager, W. W., Golas, K. C., & Keller, J. M. (2004). Principles of instructional design. Wadsworth Pub. Co.
   Google Scholar
• Green, J., & Hart, L. (1998). Children’s views of accident risks and prevention: A qualitative study. Injury Prevention, 4(1), 14–21. https://doi.org/10.1136/ip.4.1.14
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hamilton, K., Peden, A. E., Smith, S., & Hagger, M. S. (2019). Predicting pool safety habits and intentions of Australian parents and carers for their young children. Journal of Safety Research, 71, 285–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2019.09.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inagaki, R. (2015). A study on the teaching method to develop the ability to prevent accidents in water accident prevention. Studies in and on Teacher Education, 8, 351–355.
   Google Scholar
• Inagaki, R., & Kishi, T. (2012). Career of swimming with clothes (swim career) by student at our university and problem of swim guidance. Fukui Educational Research, 36, 23–34.
   Google Scholar
• Inagaki, R., & Kishi, T. (2014). Impact of clothing swimming on risk awareness and countermeasure implementation awareness of elementary school students regarding water accidents—Practicing lessons using life jackets. Japan Journal for the Pedagogy of Physical Education, 30(2), 25–36.
   Google Scholar
• Irwin, C. C., Irwin, R. L., Ryan, T. D., & Drayer, J. (2009). Urban minority youth swimming (in)ability in the United States and associated demographic characteristics: Toward a drowning prevention plan. Injury Prevention, 15(4), 234–239. https://doi.org/10.1136/ip.2008.020461
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kemp, A., & Sibert, J. R. (1992). Drowning and near drowning in children in the United Kingdom: Lessons for prevention. BMJ, 304(6835), 1143–1146. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.304.6835.1143
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kishi, T., & Inagaki, R. (2018). The effect of clothing swimming practice on children’s pool and river cognition. Japan Journal of Educational Technology, 42, 113–116.
   Google Scholar
• Leavy, J. E., Crawford, G., Leaversuch, F., Nimmo, L., McCausland, K., & Jancey, J. (2016). A review of drowning prevention interventions for children and young people in high-, low- and middle-income countries. Journal of Community Health, 41(2), 424–441. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-015-0105-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindberg, A. -K., Hansson, S. O., & Rollenhagen, C. (2010). Learning from accidents – What more do we need to know? Safety Science, 48(6), 714–721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2010.02.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linnan, M., Rahman, F., Rahman, A., Scarr, J., & Cox, R. (2011). Child drowning in Asia: From evidence to action. Proceedings of the World Conference on Drowning Prevention, 29.
   Google Scholar
• Lund, J., & Aarø, L. E. (2004). Accident prevention. Presentation of a model placing emphasis on human, structural and cultural factors. Safety Science, 42(4), 271–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-7535(03)00045-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsui, A., Minami, T., & Nomura, T. (2016). Aspects on the spread of clothed swimming in Japan and its prospects in swimming education. Japanese Journal of Sciences in Swimming and Water Exercise, 19(1), 8–15. https://doi.org/10.2479/swex.19.8
   Google Scholar
• Midtbust, L. G. H., Dyregrov, A., & Djup, H. W. (2018). Communicating with children and adolescents about the risk of natural disasters. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 9(sup2), 1429771. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2018.1429771
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology. (2008). Commentary on elementary school curriculum guidelines: Physical education. http://www.mext.go.jp/component/a_menu/education/micro_detail/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2011/01/19/1234931_010.pdf. Reference date 2020 December 18.
   Google Scholar
• Moran, K. (2009). Parent/Caregiver perceptions and practice of child water safety at the beach. International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 16(4), 215–221. https://doi.org/10.1080/17457300903307045
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moran, K. (2010). Watching parents, watching kids: Water safety supervision of young children at the beach. International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education, 4(3), 269–277. https://doi.org/10.25035/ijare.04.03.06
   Google Scholar
• Moran, K. (2019). Can you float? part I – perceptions and practice of unsupported flotation competency among young adults. International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education, 10(4). article 5. https://doi.org/10.25035/ijare.10.04.04.
   Google Scholar
• Moran, K., Stallman, R. K., Kjendlie, P., Dahl, D., Blitvich, J. D., Petrass, L. A., McElroy, G. K., Goya, T., Teramoto, K., Matsui, A., & Shimongata, S. (2012). Can you swim? An exploration of measuring real and perceived water competency. International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education, 6(2), 122–135. https://doi.org/10.25035/ijare.06.02.04
   Google Scholar
• Moriizumi, S., Usui, S., & Nakai, H. (2010). Development of a scale to measure the tendency of risk-taking behaviour and testing its reliability and validity: A preliminary study. Japan Science of Labour, 86(3), 127–138.
   Google Scholar
• Morrongiello, B. A., Sandomierski, M., Schwebel, D. C., & Hagel, B. (2013). Are parents just treading water? The impact of participation in swim lessons on parents’ judgments of children’s drowning risk, swimming ability, and supervision needs. Accident; Analysis and Prevention, 50, 1169–1175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2012.09.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrongiello, B. A., Sandomierski, M., & Spence, J. R. (2014). Changes over swim lessons in parents’ perceptions of children’s supervision needs in drowning risk situations: “His swimming has improved so now he can keep himself safe. Health Psychology, 33(7), 608–615. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033881
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nomura, T. (1991). Relationship of swimming with clothes to age in childhood. Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, 60(6), 628.
   Google Scholar
• Nozawa, I. (2009). A study on the learning of a life jacket for the early adolescents. Journal of Saitama University (Faculty of Education), 58(1), 57–64.
   Google Scholar
• Obayashi, I., Kajiwara, H., Fusamae, H., Okamoto, M., Miyake, Y., Ikegami, F., Uda, M., & Esashi, Y. (1993). Teaching “clothed swimming” Report I. Journal of Secondary Education and Research (Fukuyama Junior and Senior High School Attached to Hiroshima) University, 33, 31–42.
   Google Scholar
• Peden, A. E., & Franklin, R. C. (2020). Causes of distraction leading to supervision lapses in cases of fatal drowning of children 0–4 years in Australia: A 15-year review. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 56(3), 450–456. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpc.14668
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peden, A. E., Mahony, A. J., Barnsley, P. D., & Scarr, J. (2018). Understanding the full burden of drowning: A retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of fatal and non-fatal drowning in Australia. BMJ Open, 8(11), e024868. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024868
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peden, M. M., & McGee, K. (2003). The epidemiology of drowning worldwide. Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 10(4), 195–199. https://doi.org/10.1076/icsp.10.4.195.16772
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Petrass, L. A., & Blitvich, J. D. (2014). Preventing adolescent drowning: Understanding water safety knowledge, attitudes and swimming ability. The effect of a short water safety intervention. Accident; Analysis and Prevention, 70, 188–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2014.04.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petrass, L. A., Blitvich, J. D., & Finch, C. F. (2011). Self-reported supervisory behavior and beliefs vs. actual observations of caregiver behavior at beaches. International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education, 5(2), 199–209. https://doi.org/10.25035/ijare.05.02.07
   Google Scholar
• Rajib, S., Siwaku, K., Kobayashi, H., & Kobayashi, M. (2004). Study on new system of earthquake-disaster education at high school: Analysis of factors affecting awareness in questionnaire survey targeted for high school students. Journal of Environmental Engineering (Transactions of AIJ), 69(585), 69–74. https://doi.org/10.3130/aije.69.69_3
   Google Scholar
• Reason, J. (2000). Safety paradoxes and safety culture. Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 7(1), 3–14. https://doi.org/10.1076/1566-0974(200003)7:1;1-V;FT003
   Google Scholar
• Rohrmann, B. (2000). A socio-psychological model for analyzing risk communication processes. Australasian Journal of Disaster and Trauma Studies, 2000–2002.
   Google Scholar
• Rubio, B., Yague, F., Benitez, M. T., Esparza, M. J., Gonzalez, J. C., Sanchez, F., Vila, J. J., & Mintegi, S. (2015). Recommendations for the prevention of drowning. Anales de Pediatría (English Edition), 82(1), 41–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anpede.2014.06.002
   Google Scholar
• Saluja, G., Brenner, R. A., Trumble, A. C., Smith, G. S., Schroeder, T., & Cox, C. (2006). Swimming pool drownings among US residents aged 5–24 years: Understanding racial/ethnic disparities. American Journal of Public Health, 96(4), 728–733. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2004.057067
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandseter, E. B. H., & Kennair, L. E. O. (2011). Children’s risky play from an evolutionary perspective: The anti-phobic effects of thrilling experiences. Evolutionary Psychology, 9(2), 257–284. https://doi.org/10.1177/147470491100900212
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaw, R., Sakurai, A., & Oikawa, Y. (2021). New realization of disaster risk reduction education in the context of a global pandemic: Lessons from Japan. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 12(4), 568–580. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-021-00337-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stallman, R. K., Moran, K., Quan, L., & Langendorfer, S. (2017). From swimming skill to water competence: towards a more inclusive drowning prevention future. International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education, 10(2), 1–35. https://doi.org/10.25035/ijare.10.02.03
   Google Scholar
• Suarmika, P. E., Putu Arnyana, I. B. P., Suastra, I. W., & Margunayasa, I. G. (2022). Reconstruction of disaster education: The role of indigenous disaster mitigation for learning in Indonesian elementary schools. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 72, 102874. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.102874
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suominen, P., Baillie, C., Korpela, R., Rautanen, S., Ranta, S., & Olkkola, K. T. (2002). Impact of age, submersion time and water temperature on outcome in near drowning. Resuscitation, 52(3), 247–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0300-9572(01)00478-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taneja, G., Van Beeck, E., & Brenner, R. A. (2008). World report on child injury prevention. In F. P. Drowning Rivara & K. Bartolomeos (Eds.), World Health Organization (pp. 59–77).
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, D. H., Franklin, R. C., & Peden, A. E. (2020). Aquatic competencies and drowning prevention in children 2–4 years: A systematic review. Safety, 6(2), 31. https://doi.org/10.3390/safety6020031
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsubakimoto, S., Sakamoto, A., Nomura, T., Araki, A., Takahashi, G., & Sakata, I. (1992). Study of clothes swimming used by 10 minute swimming: Comparison of swimming distance between suit and clothes, and effect of swimming movement by clothes. In Bulletin of sport and physical education center (Vol. 14, pp. 33–44). The University of Tsukuba.
   Google Scholar
• Turgut, T., Yaman, M., & Turgut, A. (2016). Educating children on water safety for drowning prevention. Social Indicators Research, 129(2), 787–801. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-015-1109-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verplanken, B., & Orbell, S. (2022). Attitudes, habits, and behavior change. Annual Review of Psychology, 73(1), 327–352. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-020821-011744
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang, M., Liu, Y., Kang, L., He, C., Miao, L., Huang, J., He, X., Zhu, J., Li, Q., Wang, Y., & Liu, H. (2020). Social and environmental risk factors for the accidental drowning of children under five in China. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1553. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09650-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wicker, A. W. (1969). Attitudes versus actions: The relationship of verbal and overt behavioral responses to attitude objects. The Journal of Social Issues, 25(4), 41–78. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1969.tb00619.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshino, K., & Kinoshita, T. (1996). An attempt to create a Scale of Risk Acceptance (SRA). Proceedings of the Society for Risk Analysis, Japan-Section Annual Conference, 9, 121–124.
   Google Scholar
• Zimbardo, P. G., & Leippe, M. R. (1991). The psychology of attitude change and social influence. McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar