Judging attractiveness: Biases due to raters’ own attractiveness and intelligence

References

• Abbey, A. (1982). Sex differences in attributions for friendly behavior: Do males misperceive females’ friendliness? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42, 830–838. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.42.5.830
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albright, L., Kenny, D. A., & Malloy, T. E. (1988). Consensus in personality judgments at zero acquaintance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 387–395. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.55.3.387
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alicke, M. D., Smith, R. H., & Klotz, M. L. (1986). Judgments of physical attractiveness: The role of faces and bodies. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 12, 381–389. doi:10.1177/0146167286124001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ambady, N., Bernieri, F. J., & Richeson, J. A. (2000). Toward a histology of social behavior: Judgmental accuracy from thin slices of the behavioral stream. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 32, 201–271. doi:10.1016/S0065-2601(00)80006-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychological Association. (2002). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. American Psychologist, 57, 1060–1073. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.57.12.1060
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aspinwall, L. G., & Taylor, S. E. (1993). Effects of social comparison direction, threat, and self-esteem on affect, self-evaluation, and expected success. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 708–722. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.64.5.708
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berscheid, E., & Walster, E. (1974). Physical attractiveness. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 7, 157–215. doi:10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60037-4
   Google Scholar
• Brown, J. A., & Bernieri, F. J. (2014). Narcissism and interpersonal attractiveness: An investigation of moderating factors. Manuscript submitted for publication.
   Google Scholar
• Cash, T. F., Cash, D. W., & Butters, J. W. (1983). “Mirror, mirror, on the wall …?” Contrast effects and self-evaluations of physical attractiveness. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 9, 351–358. doi:10.1177/0146167283093004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clifford, M. M., & Walster, E. (1973). The effect of physical attractiveness on teacher expectations. Sociology of Education, 46, 248–258. doi:10.2307/2112099
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cronbach, L. (1955). Processes affecting scores on “understanding of others” and “assumed similarity”. Psychological Bulletin, 52, 177–193. doi:10.1037/h0044919
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis, M. H., & Kraus, L. A. (1997). Personality and empathic accuracy. In W. Ickes (Ed.), Empathic accuracy (pp. 144–168). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Diener, E., Wolsic, B., & Fujita, F. (1995). Physical attractiveness and subjective well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 120–129. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.69.1.120
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dion, K., Berscheid, E., & Walster, E. (1972). What is beautiful is good. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 24, 285–290. doi:10.1037/h0033731
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eagly, A. H., Ashmore, R. D., Makhijani, M. G., & Longo, L. C. (1991). What is beautiful is good, but…: A meta-analytic review of research on the physical attractiveness stereotype. Psychological Bulletin, 110, 109–128. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.110.1.109
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feingold, A. (1992). Good-looking people are not what we think. Psychological Bulletin, 111, 304–341. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.111.2.304
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7, 117–140. doi:10.1177/001872675400700202
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gosling, S. D., Rentfrow, P. J., & Swann, W. B., Jr (2003). A very brief measure of the big-five personality domains. Journal of Research in Personality, 37, 504–528. doi:10.1016/S0092-6566(03)00046-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant, J. G. (1961). A comparison of the revised Stanford-Binet, form L with the Kuhlmann-Anderson test and the Otis quick-scoring mental ability tests (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Loloya eCommons (Paper 1582). Retrieved from http://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/1582/
   Google Scholar
• Haselton, M. G., & Buss, D. M. (2000). Error management theory: A new perspective on biases in cross-sex mind reading. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 81–91. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.78.1.81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson, L. A., Hunter, J. E., & Hodge, C. N. (1995). Physical attractiveness and intellectual competence: A meta-analytic review. Social Psychology Quarterly, 58, 108–122. doi:10.2307/2787149
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, L. V., & Thissen, D. (2007). A history and overview of psychometrics. Handbook of Statistics, 26, 1–28. doi:10.1016/S0169-7161(06)26001-2
   Google Scholar
• Kenny, D. A. (1994). Interpersonal perception: A social relations analysis. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kenny, D. A., Horner, C., Kashy, D. A., & Chu, L. C. (1992). Consensus at zero acquaintance: Replication, behavioral cues, and stability. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 88–97. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.62.1.88
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenny, D. A., & West, T. V. (2008). Zero acquaintance: Definitions, statistical model, findings, and process. In N. Ambady & J. J. Skowronski (Eds.), First impressions (pp. 129–146). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kenrick, D. T., & Gutierres, S. E. (1980). Contrast effects and judgments of physical attractiveness: When beauty becomes a social problem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 131–140. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.38.1.131
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lippa, R. A., & Dietz, J. K. (2000). The relation of gender, personality, and intelligence to judges’ accuracy in judging strangers’ personality from brief video segments. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 24, 25–43. doi:10.1023/A:1006610805385
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayer, J. D., Caruso, D. R., & Salovey, P. (1999). Emotional intelligence meets traditional standards for an intelligence. Intelligence, 27, 267–298. doi:10.1016/S0160-2896(99)00016-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melamed, L., & Moss, M. K. (1975). The effect of context on ratings of attractiveness of photographs. The Journal of Psychology, 90, 129–136. doi:10.1080/00223980.1975.9923935
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Otis, A. S. (1954). Manual of directions for gamma test, forms Am and Bm and new edition: Forms Em and Fm. Yonkers-on-Hudson, NY: World Book.
   Google Scholar
• Passini, F. T., & Norman, W. T. (1966). A universal conception of personality structure? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 4, 44–49. doi:10.1037/h0023519
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paunonen, S. V. (1989). Consensus in personality judgments: Moderating effects of target-rater acquaintanceship and behavior observability. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 823–833. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.56.5.823
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raven, J., Raven, J. C., & Court, J. H. (2000). Manual for Raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales, section 3: The standard progressive matrices. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Rhodes, S. K., Shimoda, K. C., Waid, L. R., O’Neil, P. M., Oexmann, M. J., Collop, N. A., & Willi, S. M. (1995). Neurocognitive deficits in morbidly obese children with obstructive sleep apnea. The Journal of Pediatrics, 127, 741–744. doi:10.1016/S0022-3476(95)70164-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riggio, R. E., Widaman, K. F., Tucker, J. S., & Salinas, C. (1991). Beauty is more than skin deep: Components of attractiveness. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 12, 423–439. doi:10.1207/s15324834basp1204_4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ritts, V., Patterson, M. L., & Tubbs, M. E. (1992). Expectations, impressions, and judgments of physically attractive students: A review. Review of Educational Research, 62, 413–426. doi:10.3102/00346543062004413
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saad, G., & Gill, T. (2009). Self-ratings of physical attractiveness in a competitive context: When males are more sensitive to self-perceptions than females. The Journal of Social Psychology, 149, 585–599. doi:10.1080/00224540903232332
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart, J. E. (1980). Defendant’s attractiveness as a factor in the outcome of criminal trials: An observational study. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 10, 348–361. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1980.tb00715.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strauss, E. H., Sherman, E. M., & Spreen, O. (2006). A compendium of neuropsychological tests: Administration, norms, and commentary. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Tennis, G. H., & Dabbs, J. M. (1975). Judging physical attractiveness: Effects of judges’ own attractiveness. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 1, 513–516. doi:10.1177/014616727500100311
   Google Scholar
• Terman, L. M. (1920). Terman group test of mental ability. Yonkers, NY: World Book.
   Google Scholar
• Tesser, A. (1988). Toward a self-evaluation maintenance model of social behavior. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 21, 181–227. doi:10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60227-0
   Google Scholar
• Tickle-Degnen, L., & Rosenthal, R. (2007). The nature of rapport and its nonverbal correlates. Psychological Inquiry, 1, 285–293. doi:10.1207/s15327965pli0104_1
   Google Scholar
• Watson, D. (1989). Strangers’ ratings of the five robust personality factors: Evidence of a surprising convergence with self-report. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 120–128. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.57.1.120
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weaver, J. B., Masland, J. L., & Zillmann, D. (1984). Effect of erotica on young men’s aesthetic perception of their female sexual partners. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 58, 929–930. doi:10.2466/pms.1984.58.3.929
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar