The impact of trait worry and emotion regulation on heart rate variability

References

• Ahern, G. L., & Schwartz, G. E. (1985). Differential lateralization for positive and negative emotion in the human brain: EEG spectral analysis. Neuropsychologia, 23, 745–755.10.1016/0028-3932(85)90081-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aldao, A., & Mennin, D. S. (2012). Paradoxical cardiovascular effects of implementing adaptive emotion regulation strategies in generalized anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 50, 122–130.10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aldao, A., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Schweizer, S. (2010). Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 217–237.10.1016/j.cpr.2009.11.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Appleton, A. A., & Kubzansky, L. D. (2014). Emotion regulation and cardiovascular disease risk. In J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (pp. 596–612). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Behar, E., Alcaine, O., Zuellig, A. R., & Borkovec, T. D. (2003). Screening for generalized anxiety disorder using the Penn State Worry Questionnaire: A receiver operating characteristic analysis. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 34, 25–43.10.1016/S0005-7916(03)00004-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berntson, G. G., Cacioppo, J. T., & Quigley, K. S. (1991). Autonomic determinism: The modes of autonomic control, the doctrine of autonomic space, and the laws of autonomic constraint. Psychological Review, 98, 459–487.10.1037/0033-295X.98.4.459
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brosschot, J. F., Gerin, W., & Thayer, J. F. (2006). The perseverative cognition hypothesis: A review of worry, prolonged stress-related physiological activation, and health. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 60, 113–124.10.1016/j.jpsychores.2005.06.074
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brosschot, J. F., Van Dijk, E., & Thayer, J. F. (2007). Daily worry is related to low heart rate variability during waking and the subsequent nocturnal sleep period. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 63, 39–47.10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2006.07.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Derryberry, D., & Rothbart, M. K. (1988). Arousal, affect, and attention as components of temperament. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 958–966.10.1037/0022-3514.55.6.958
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans, D. E., & Rothbart, M. K. (2007). Developing a model for adult temperament. Journal of Research in Personality, 41, 868–888.10.1016/j.jrp.2006.11.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman, B. H. (2007). An autonomic flexibility-neurovisceral integration model of anxiety and cardiac vagal tone. Biological Psychology, 74, 185–199.10.1016/j.biopsycho.2005.08.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman, B. H., & Thayer, J. F. (1998). Autonomic balance revisited: Panic anxiety and heart rate variability. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 44, 133–151.10.1016/S0022-3999(97)00202-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gluskin, E. (2012). An argument regarding the nature of hooligan behavior. Dialogues in Philosophy, Mental and Neuro Sciences, 5, 51–53.
   Google Scholar
• Glynn, L. M., Christenfeld, N., & Gerin, W. (2002). The role of rumination in recovery from reactivity: Cardiovascular consequences of emotional states. Psychosomatic Medicine, 64, 714–726.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gouin, J.-P., Deschênes, S. S., & Dugas, M. J. (2014). Respiratory sinus arrhythmia during worry forecasts stress-related increases in psychological distress. Stress, 17, 416–422.10.3109/10253890.2014.949666
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grabe, M. E., Zhou, S., Lang, A., & Bolls, P. D. (2000). Packaging television news: The effects of tabloid on information processing and evaluative responses. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 44, 581–598.10.1207/s15506878jobem4404_4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gramzow, R. H., Willard, G., & Mendes, W. B. (2008). Big tales and cool heads: Academic exaggeration is related to cardiac vagal reactivity. Emotion, 8, 138–144.10.1037/1528-3542.8.1.138
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greaves-Lord, K., Tulen, J., Dietrich, A., Sondeijker, F., van Roon, A., Oldehinkel, A., … Huizink, A. (2010). Reduced autonomic flexibility as a predictor for future anxiety in girls from the general population: The TRAILS study. Psychiatry Research, 179, 187–193.10.1016/j.psychres.2009.04.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 348–362.10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofmann, S. G., Moscovitch, D. A., Litz, B. T., Kim, H.-J., Davis, L. L., & Pizzagalli, D. A. (2005). The worried mind: Autonomic and prefrontal activation during worrying. Emotion, 5, 464–475.10.1037/1528-3542.5.4.464
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofmann, S. G., Sawyer, A. T., Witt, A. A., & Oh, D. (2010). The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78, 169–183.10.1037/a0018555
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jamieson, J. P., Nock, M. K., & Mendes, W. B. (2013). Changing the conceptualization of stress in social anxiety disorder: Affective and physiological consequences. Clinical Psychological Science, 1, 363–374.10.1177/2167702613482119
   Google Scholar
• Jha, A. P., Stanley, E. A., Kiyonaga, A., Wong, L., & Gelfand, L. (2010). Examining the protective effects of mindfulness training on working memory capacity and affective experience. Emotion, 10, 54–64.10.1037/a0018438
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knepp, M. M., & Friedman, B. H. (2008). Cardiovascular activity during laboratory tasks in women with high and low worry. Biological Psychology, 79, 287–293.10.1016/j.biopsycho.2008.07.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kreibig, S. D., Wilhelm, F. H., Roth, W. T., & Gross, J. J. (2007). Cardiovascular, electrodermal, and respiratory response patterns to fear-and-sadness-inducing films. Psychophysiology, 44, 787–806.10.1111/psyp.2007.44.issue-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kubzansky, L. D., Kawachi, I., Spiro, A., Weiss, S. T., Vokonas, P. S., & Sparrow, D. (1997). Is worrying bad for your heart? A prospective study of worry and coronary heart disease in the normative aging study. Circulation, 95, 818–824.10.1161/01.CIR.95.4.818
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lang, A., Newhagen, J., & Reeves, B. (1996). Negative video as structure: Emotion, attention, capacity, and memory. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 40, 460–477.10.1080/08838159609364369
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemaire, M., El-Hage, W., & Frangou, S. (2014). Reappraising suppression: Subjective and physiological correlates of experiential suppression in healthy adults. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 5(571), 1–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levenson, R. W., Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1990). Voluntary facial action generates emotion-specific autonomic nervous system activity. Psychophysiology, 27, 363–384.10.1111/psyp.1990.27.issue-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33, 335–343.10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-U
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovibond, S. H., & Lovibond, P. F. (1995). Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (2nd ed.). Sydney: Psychology Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Lyonfields, J., Borkovec, T. D., & Thayer, J. F. (1995). Vagal tone in generalized anxiety disorder and the effects of aversive imagery and worrisome thinking. Behavior Therapy, 26, 457–466.10.1016/S0005-7894(05)80094-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mauss, I. B., Cook, C. L., Cheng, J. Y., & Gross, J. J. (2007). Individual differences in cognitive reappraisal: Experiential and physiological responses to an anger provocation. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 66, 116–124.10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2007.03.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mennin, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., Turk, C. L., & Fresco, D. M. (2002). Applying an emotion regulation framework to integrative approaches to generalized anxiety disorder. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 9, 85–90.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer, T. J., Miller, M. L., Metzger, R. L., & Borkovec, T. D. (1990). Development and validation of the penn state worry questionnaire. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 28, 487–495.10.1016/0005-7967(90)90135-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell, J. H., & Shapiro, A. P. (1991). The confusing syndromes of cardiovascular autonomic imbalance: Cardiovascular dysautonomias. In A. P. Shapiro & A. Baum (Eds.), Behavioral aspects of cardiovascular disease (pp. 75–102). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Mussgay, L., & Rüddel, H. (2004). Autonomic dysfunctions in patients with anxiety throughout therapy. Journal of Psychophysiology, 18, 27–37.10.1027/0269-8803.18.1.27
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Connor, D. B., Ashley, L., Jones, F., & Ferguson, E. (2014). Maladaptive rumination moderates the effects of written emotional disclosure on ambulatory blood pressure levels in females. Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, 2, 1067–1077.10.1080/21642850.2014.973881
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pieper, S., Brosschot, J. F., van der Leeden, R., & Thayer, J. F. (2007). Cardiac effects of momentary assessed worry episodes and stressful events. Psychosomatic Medicine, 69, 901–909.10.1097/PSY.0b013e31815a9230
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pittig, A., Arch, J. J., Lam, C. W. R., & Craske, M. G. (2013). Heart rate and heart rate variability in panic, social anxiety, obsessive–compulsive, and generalized anxiety disorders at baseline and in response to relaxation and hyperventilation. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 87, 19–27.10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.10.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plutchick, R. (1990). Emotions and psychotherapy: A psychoevolutionary perspective. In R. Plutchick & H. Kellerman (Eds.), Emotion: Theory, research, and experience: Vol. 5. Emotion, psychopathology, and psychotherapy (pp. 3–41). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pu, J., Schmeichel, B. J., & Demaree, H. A. (2010). Cardiac vagal control predicts spontaneous regulation of negative emotional expression and subsequent cognitive performance. Biological Psychology, 84, 531–540.10.1016/j.biopsycho.2009.07.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quartana, P. J., & Burns, J. W. (2010). Emotion suppression affects cardiovascular responses to initial and subsequent laboratory stressors. British Journal of Health Psychology, 15, 511–528.10.1348/135910709X474613
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reggio, G. (Director). (1988). Powaqqatsi: Life in transformation [Motion picture]. USA: MGM/United Artists.
   Google Scholar
• Roemer, L., Lee, J. K., Salters-Pedneault, K., Erisman, S. M., Orsillo, S. M., & Mennin, D. S. (2009). Mindfulness and emotion regulation difficulties in generalized anxiety disorder: Preliminary evidence for independent and overlapping contributions. Behavior Therapy, 40, 142–154.10.1016/j.beth.2008.04.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santucci, A. K., Silk, J. S., Shaw, D. S., Gentzler, A., Fox, N. A., & Kovacs, M. (2008). Vagal tone and temperament as predictors of emotion regulation strategies in young children. Developmental Psychobiology, 50, 205–216.10.1002/(ISSN)1098-2302
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saul, J. P. (1990). Beat-to-beat variations of heart rate reflect modulation of cardiac autonomic outflow. News in Physiological Science, 5, 32–37.
   Google Scholar
• Stephens, C. L., Christie, I. C., & Friedman, B. H. (2010). Autonomic specificity of basic emotions: Evidence from pattern classification and cluster analysis. Biological Psychology, 84, 463–473.10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.03.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thayer, J. F., Friedman, B. H., & Borkovec, T. D. (1996). Autonomic characteristics of generalized anxiety disorder and worry. Biological Psychiatry, 39, 255–266.10.1016/0006-3223(95)00136-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thayer, J. F., Friedman, B. H., Borkovec, T. D., Johnsen, B. H., & Molina, S. (2000). Phasic heart period reactions to cued threat and nonthreat stimuli in generalized anxiety disorder. Psychophysiology, 37, 361–368.10.1111/psyp.2000.37.issue-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vella, E. J., & Friedman, B. H. (2007). Autonomic characteristics of defensive hostility: Reactivity and recovery to active and passive stressors. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 66, 95–101.10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2007.03.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waldron, J. C., Wilson, L. C., Patriquin, M. A., & Scarpa, A. (2015). Sexual victimization history, depression, and task physiology as predictors of sexual revictimization: Results from a 6-month prospective pilot study. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 30, 622–639.10.1177/0886260514535258
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wittling, W., Block, A., Genzel, S., & Schweiger, E. (1998). Hemisphere asymmetry in parasympathetic control of the heart. Neuropsychologia, 36, 461–468.10.1016/S0028-3932(97)00129-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar