Pattern of leisure-lifestyles among Indian school adolescents: Contextual influences and implications for emerging health concerns

References

• Ahmed, M. D. (2013). Comparative study of well-being, thought control, academic achievement and health related physical fitness of active and inactive adolescent school students. International Leisure Review, 2, 135–156. doi:10.6298/ILR.2013.2.2
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, C. A., Gentile, D. A., & Buckley, K. E. (2007). Violent video game effects on children and adolescents. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195309836.001.0001
   Google Scholar
• Archana, P. V. (2004). A study of health related behaviors among adolescents ( Unpublished MSc project). University of Madras, Chennai.
   Google Scholar
• Baya, S. Y., & Mberia, H. K. (2014). Impact of television viewing in influencing adolescent sexual behavior. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 4(5), 1–4.
   Google Scholar
• Bronfenbrenner, U. (1994). Ecological models of human development. In International Encyclopedia of Education (2nd ed., Vol. 3). Oxford: Elsevier. Reprinted in M. Gauvain & M. Cole (Eds.), Readings on the development of children (2nd ed., 1993, pp. 37–43). New York, NY: Freeman.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, J. D., & L’ Engle, K. L. (2009). X-rated: Sexual attitudes and behaviors associated with us early adolescents’ exposure to sexually explicit media. Communication Research, 36, 129–151.10.1177/0093650208326465
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caldwell, L. L. (2008). Adolescent development through leisure: A global perspective. World Leisure Journal, 50, 3–17. doi:10.1080/04419057.2008.9674523
   Google Scholar
• Coatsworth, J. D., Palen, L. A., Sharp, E. H., & Ferrer-Wreder, L. (2006). Self-defining activities, expressive identity, and adolescent wellness. Applied Developmental Science, 10, 157–170.10.1207/s1532480xads1003_5
   Google Scholar
• DiMaggio, P., Hargittai, E., Neuman, W. R., & Robinson, J. P. (2001). Social implications of the internet. Annual Review of Sociology, 27, 307–336.10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.307
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eberhardt, J. L., Persson, B. R., Brun, A. E., Salford, L. G., & Malmgren, L. O. (2008). Blood-brain barrier permeability and nerve cell damage in rat brain 14 and 28 days after exposure to microwaves from GSM mobile phones. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 27, 215–229. doi:10.1080/15368370802344037
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feinstein, L., Bynner, J., & Duckworth, K. (2005). Leisure contexts in adolescence and their effects on adult outcomes. London: Centre for Research on Wider Benefits of Learning, Institute of Education. Retrieved from http://eprints.ioe.ac.uk/5967/2/Feinstein2005leisure.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Fischer, N., Radisch, F., & Schupbach, M. (2014). International perspective on extracurricular activities: Conditions of effects on student development, communities and schools-Editorial. Journal for Educational Research Online, 6, 5–9.
   Google Scholar
• Frei, P., Poulsen, A. H., Johansen, C., Olsen, J. H., Steding-Jessen, M., & Schuz, J. (2011). Use of mobile phones and risk of brain tumours: Update of Danish cohort study. British Medical Journal, 343, 1–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goel, M. K., Roy, P., Rasania, S. K., & Bachani, D. (2014). A cross-sectional study on leisure time management and physical activity index among female adolescent medical students in Delhi. Indian Journal of Youth and Adolescent Health, 1, 18–26.
   Google Scholar
• Hans, G. (1994). Lifestyle education for student youth: Need and strategy. The Indian Journal of Social Work, LV, 25–39.
   Google Scholar
• Hogan, M. G., & Strasberger, V. C. (2008). Media and prosocial behaviour in children and adolescents. In I. Nucci & D. Narvaez (Eds.), Handbook of Moral and Character Education (pp. 537–553). Marwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Hutchinson, S. L., & Kleiber, D. A. (2011). Gifts of the ordinary: Casual leisure’s contributions to health and well-being. World Leisure Journal, 47, 2–16.
   Google Scholar
• Kansal, O. P., & Ohri, P. (2014). Adolescents: A key pivotal in India’s health strategy. Indian Journal of Youth and Adolescent Health, 1, 48–55.
   Google Scholar
• Kapur, M. (1992). School mental health in India. In S. Malhotra, A. Malhotra, & V. K. Sharma (Eds.), Child mental health in India (pp. 179–188). Delhi: Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Khanna, N., & Singh, J. (2000). A study of leisure time utilization by students in Delhi. Journal of Educational Research and Extension, 37(1), 1–11.
   Google Scholar
• Larson, R., & Verma, S. (1999). How children and adolescents spend time across the world: Work, play, and developmental opportunities. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 701–736.10.1037/0033-2909.125.6.701
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larson, R. W., Wilson, S., Brown, B. B., Furstenberg, Jr., F. F., & Verma, S. (2002). Changes in adolescents’ interpersonal experiences: Are they being prepared for adult relationships in the twenty-first century? Journal of Research on Adolescence, 12, 31–68.10.1111/1532-7795.00024
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linebarger, D. H., & Walker, D. (2005). Infants’ and toddlers’ television viewing and language outcomes. American Behavioral Scientist, 48, 624–645.10.1177/0002764204271505
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lloyd, C. B., Grant, M. J., & Ritchie, A. (2008). Gender differences in time use among adolescents in developing countries: Implications of rising school enrollment rates. Journal of Research on Adolescence., 18, 99–120.10.1111/jora.2008.18.issue-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyzwinski, L. N. (2014). A systematic review and meta-analysis of mobile devices and weight loss with an intervention content analysis. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 4, 311–385.10.3390/jpm4030311
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mahoney, J. L., & Stattin, H. (2000). Leisure activities and adolescent antisocial behavior: The role of structure and social context. Journal of Adolescence, 23, 113–127.10.1006/jado.2000.0302
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mannell, R. C. (2007). Leisure, health and weil-being. World Leisure Journal, 49, 114–128. doi:10.1080/04419057.2007.9674499
   Google Scholar
• Pillai, A., Patel, V., Cardozo, P., Goodman, R., Weiss, H. A., & Andrew, G. (2008). Non-traditional lifestyles and prevalence of mental disorders in adolescents in Goa, India. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 192, 45–51. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.106.034223
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ram, U., Strohschein, L., & Gaur, K. (2014). Gender socialization: Differences between male and female youth in India and associations with mental health. International Journal of Population Research, 2014, 1–11.10.1155/2014/357145
   Google Scholar
• Rangnathan, N. (2003). Puberty, sexuality and coping: An analysis of the experience of urban adolescent girls. Psychological Studies, 48, 56–63.
   Google Scholar
• Ravikumar, R. (2013). Patterns of head injuries in road traffic accidents involving two wheelers: An autopsy study. Journal of Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine, 35, 349–352.
   Google Scholar
• Robertson, L. A., McAnally, H. M., & Hancox, R. J. (2013). Childhood and adolescent television viewing and antisocial behavior in early adulthood. Pediatrics, 131, 439–446. doi:10.1542/peds.2012-1582
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandhu, P., & Mehrotra, N. (1999). Time pattern of female students: With reference to leisure time activities. Indian Journal of Social Research, 40, 285–296.
   Google Scholar
• Sibal, B. (1997). A study of life style and health profile of senior secondary school boys in Delhi (Unpublished doctoral dissertation for MD (preventive and social medicine)). University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
   Google Scholar
• Singh, A. P., & Misra, G. (2012). Adolescent lifestyle in India: Prevalence of risk and promotive factors of health. Psychology and Developing Societies, 24, 145–160. doi:10.1177/097133361202400203
   Google Scholar
• Singh, S., & Gopalkishna, G. (2014). Health behaviours and problems among young people in India: Cause for concern & call for action. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 140, 185–208.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Small, G., & Vorgan, G. (2008). iBrain: Surviving the technology alteration of the modern mind. New York, NY: Harper Collins.
   Google Scholar
• Srivastava, A., & Saxena, Y. (2014). Effect of mobile phone usage on serum melatonin levels among medical students. Indian Journal of Physiological Pharmacology, 58, 395–399.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stebbins, R. A. (2011). Leisure studies: The road ahead. World Leisure Journal, 53, 3–10. Retrieved February 1, 2013, from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/04419057.2011.552197
   Google Scholar
• Strasburger, V. C., Jordan, A. B., & Donnerstein, E. (2010). Health effects of media on children and adolescents. Pediatrics, 125, 756–767.10.1542/peds.2009-2563
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vandewater, E. A., Bickham, D. S., & Lee, J. H. (2006). Time well spent? Relating television use to children’s free-time activities. Pediatrics, 117, e181–e191. doi:10.1542/peds.2005-0812
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verma, S., & Saraswathi, T. S. (2002). Adolescence in India: Annotated bibliography. New Delhi: Rawat Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Verma, S., & Sharma, D. (2003). Cultural continuity amid social change: Adolescents’ use of free time in India. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2003, 37–52.10.1002/(ISSN)1534-8687
   Google Scholar
• Viner, R. M., & Cole, T. J. (2005). Television viewing in early childhood predicts adult body mass index. The Journal of Pediatrics, 147, 429–435.10.1016/j.jpeds.2005.05.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wadkar, A. J. (1998). Television viewing: A survey. Progress of Education, LXXIII, 63–66.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2004). World health report. Retrieved on July 13, 2004, from http://www.who.org
   Google Scholar
• Ybarra, M., & Mitchell, K. (2007). Prevalence and frequency of internet harassment instigation: Implications for adolescent health. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41, 189–195.10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.03.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ybarra, M. L., Diener-West, M., Markow, D., Leaf, P. J., Hamburger, M., & Boxer, P. (2008). Linkages between internet and other media violence with seriously violent behavior by youth. Pediatrics, 122, 929–937.10.1542/peds.2007-3377
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar