6,552
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Training of fluid and crystallized intelligence: A game-based approach in adolescents presenting with below average IQ

, & | (Reviewing Editor)
Article: 1284360 | Received 26 Sep 2016, Accepted 03 Jan 2017, Published online: 28 Feb 2017

References

  • Alloway, T. P. (2010). Working memory and executive function profiles of individuals with borderline intellectual functioning. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 54, 448–456.10.1111/j.1365-2788.2010.01281.x
  • Alloway, T. P., & Alloway, R. G. (2009). The efficacy of working memory training in improving crystallized intelligence. Nature Precedings. Retrieved form http://hdl.handle.net/10101/npre.2009.3697
  • Alloway, T. P., Bibile, V., & Lau, G. (2013). Computerized working memory training: Can it lead to gains in cognitive skills in students? Computers in Human Behavior, 29, 632–638.10.1016/j.chb.2012.10.023
  • Au, J., Sheehan, E., Tsai, N., Duncan, G. J., Buschkuehl, M., & Jaeggi, S. M. (2015). Improving fluid intelligence with training on working memory: A meta-analysis. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 22, 366–377.10.3758/s13423-014-0699-x
  • Baldo, J. V., Shimamura, A. P., Delis, D. C., Kramer, J., & Kaplan, E. (2001). Verbal and design fluency in patients with frontal lobe lesions. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 7, 586–596.10.1017/S1355617701755063
  • Barnett, S. M., & Ceci, S. J. (2002). When and where do we apply what we learn? A taxonomy for far transfer. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 612–637.10.1037/0033-2909.128.4.612
  • Bergman Nutley, S., Söderqvist, S., Bryde, S., Thorell, L. B., Humphreys, K., & Klingberg, T. (2011). Gains in fluid intelligence after training non-verbal reasoning in 4-year-old children: A controlled, randomized study. Developmental Science, 14, 591–601.10.1111/desc.2011.14.issue-3
  • Blishen, B. R., Carroll, W. K., & Moore, C. (1987). The 1981 socioeconomic index for occupations in Canada. Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue canadienne de sociologie, 24, 465–488.
  • Boot, W. R., Blakely, D. P., & Simons, D. J. (2011). Do action video games improve perception and cognition? Frontiers in Psychology, 2, 226.
  • Bouchard, Jr, T. J., Lykken, D. T., McGue, M., Segal, N. L., & Tellegen, A. (1990). Sources of human psychological differences: The Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart. Science, 250, 223–228.10.1126/science.2218526
  • Brennan, F., & Ireson, J. (1997). Training phonological awareness: A study to evaluate the effects of a program of metalinguistic games in kindergarten. Reading and Writing, 9, 241–263.10.1023/A:1007979321948
  • Brown, L., Sherbenou, R. J., & Johnsen, S. K. (2010a). TONI-4 test of nonverbal intelligence 4th edition examiner manual. San Antonio, TX: Harcourt Assessment.
  • Brown, L., Sherbenou, R. J., & Johnsen, S. K. (2010b). Test of nonverbal intelligence (4th ed.). San Antonio, TX: Harcourt Assessment.
  • Caroll, J. B. (1997). The three-stratum theory of cognitive abilities. In D. P. Flanagan, J. L. Genshaft, & P. L. Harrison (Eds.), Contemporary intellectual assessment: Theories, tests, and issues (pp. 122–130). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Cattell, R. B. (1963). Theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence: A critical experiment. Journal of Educational Psychology, 54, 1–22.10.1037/h0046743
  • Cattell, R. B. (1987). Intelligence: Its structure, growth and action. New York: Elsevier.
  • Chen, H., Keith, T., Chen, Y., & Chang, B. (2009). What does the WISC-IV measure? Validation of the scoring and CHC-based interpretative approaches. Journal of Research in Education Sciences, 54, 85–108.
  • Craig, S. A. (2006). The effects of an adapted interactive writing intervention on kindergarten children's phonological awareness, spelling, and early reading development: A contextualized approach to instruction. Journal of Educational Psychology, 98, 714–731.10.1037/0022-0663.98.4.714
  • Deary, I. J., Strand, S., Smith, P., & Fernandes, C. (2007). Intelligence and educational achievement. Intelligence, 35, 13–21.10.1016/j.intell.2006.02.001
  • Deary, I. J., Whalley, L. J., Lemmon, H., Crawford, J. R., & Starr, J. M. (2000). The stability of individual differences in mental ability from childhood to old age: Follow-up of the 1932 Scottish mental survey. Intelligence, 28, 49–55.10.1016/S0160-2896(99)00031-8
  • Delis, D. C., Kaplan, E., & Kramer, J. H. (2001). Delis-Kaplan executive function system (D-KEFS). San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
  • DeThorne, L. S., & Schaefer, B. A. (2004). A guide to child nonverbal IQ measures. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 13, 275–290.10.1044/1058-0360(2004/029)
  • de Kloet, A. J., Berger, M. A., Verhoeven, I. M., van Stein Callenfels, K., & Vlieland, T. P. (2012). Gaming supports youth with acquired brain injury? A pilot study Brain Injury, 26, 1021–1029.10.3109/02699052.2012.654592
  • Diamond, A., Barnett, W. S., Thomas, J., & Munro, S. (2007). The early years: Preschool program improves cognitive control. Science, 318, 1387–1388.10.1126/science.1151148
  • Dunn L. M., & Dunn, D. M. (2007). Peabody picture vocabulary test (PPVT™-4) (4th ed). San Antonio, TX: Harcourt Assessment.
  • Emerson, E., Einfeld, S., & Stancliffe, R. J. (2010). The mental health of young children with intellectual disabilities or borderline intellectual functioning. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 45, 579–587.10.1007/s00127-009-0100-y
  • Gardner, H., & Hatch, T. (1989). Educational Implications of the Theory of Multiple Intelligences. Educational Researcher, 18, 4–10.
  • Gigi, K., Werbeloff, N., Goldberg, S., Portuguese, S., Reichenberg, A., Fruchter, E., & Weiser, M. (2014). Borderline intellectual functioning is associated with poor social functioning, increased rates of psychiatric diagnosis and drug use - A cross sectional population based study. European Neuropsychopharmacology: The Journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 24, 1793–1797.
  • Gray, J. R., & Thompson, P. M. (2004). Neurobiology of intelligence: Science and ethics. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 5, 471–482.10.1038/nrn1405
  • Hassiotis, A., Strydom, A., Hall, I., Ali, A., Lawrence-Smith, G., Meltzer, H., ... Bebbington, P. (2008). Psychiatric morbidity and social functioning among adults with borderline intelligence living in private households. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 52, 95–106.
  • Hassiotis, A., Tanzarella, M., Bebbington, P., & Cooper, C. (2011). Prevalence and predictors of suicidal behaviour in a sample of adults with estimated borderline intellectual functioning: Results from a population survey. Journal of Affective Disorders, 129, 380–384.10.1016/j.jad.2010.10.002
  • Healy, A. F., Wohldmann, E. L., Sutton, E. M., & Bourne, Jr., L. E., (2006). Specificity effects in training and transfer of speeded responses. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 32, 534–546.10.1037/0278-7393.32.3.534
  • Herrington, V. (2009). Assessing the prevalence of intellectual disability among young male prisoners. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 53, 397–410.10.1111/jir.2009.53.issue-5
  • Hunter, J. E., & Schmidt, F. L. (1996). Intelligence and job performance: Economic and social implications. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 2, 447–472.10.1037/1076-8971.2.3-4.447
  • Jaeggi, S. M., Buschkuehl, M., Jonides, J., & Perrig, W. J. (2008). Improving fluid intelligence with training on working memory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105, 6829–6833.10.1073/pnas.0801268105
  • Jaeggi, S. M., Buschkuehl, M., Jonides, J., & Shah, P. (2011). Short- and long-term benefits of cognitive training. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108, 10081–10086.10.1073/pnas.1103228108
  • Kail, R. & Salthouse, T. A. (1994). Processing speed as a mental capacity. Acta Psychologica, 86, 199–225.10.1016/0001-6918(94)90003-5
  • Karande, S., Kanchan, S., & Kulkarni, M. (2008). Clinical and psychoeducational profile of children with borderline intellectual functioning. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 75, 795–800.10.1007/s12098-008-0101-y
  • Kinsella, G., Ong, B., Murtagh, D., Prior, M., & Sawyer, M. (1999). The role of the family for behavioral outcome in children and adolescents following traumatic brain injury. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 116–123.10.1037/0022-006X.67.1.116
  • Lilienthal, L., Tamez, E., Shelton, J. T., Myerson, J., & Hale, S. (2013). Dual n-back training increases the capacity of the focus of attention. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 20, 135–141.10.3758/s13423-012-0335-6
  • Mackey, A. P., Hill, S. S., Stone, S. I., & Bunge, S. A. (2011). Differential effects of reasoning and speed training in children. Developmental Science, 14, 582–590.10.1111/desc.2011.14.issue-3
  • MacMillan, D. L., Gresham, F. M., Bocian, K. M., & Lambros, K. M. (1998). Current plight of borderline students: Where do they belong? Education and Training in Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities, 33, 83–94.
  • McGrew, K. S. (2009). CHC theory and the human cognitive abilities project: Standing on the shoulders of the giants of psychometric intelligence research. Intelligence, 37, 1–10.10.1016/j.intell.2008.08.004
  • Moffitt, T. E., Caspi, A., Harkness, A. R., & Silva, P. A. (1993). The natural history of change to intellectual performance: Who changes? How much? Is it meaningful?. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 34, 455–506.10.1111/jcpp.1993.34.issue-4
  • Munro, N., Lee, K., & Baker, E. (2008). Building vocabulary knowledge and phonological awareness skills in children with specific language impairment through hybrid language intervention: A feasibility study. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 43, 662–682.10.1080/13682820701806308
  • Neugnot-Cerioli, M., Gagner, C., & Beauchamp, M. H. (2015). The use of games in paediatric cognitive intervention: A systematic review. International Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 3, 286–296.
  • Nisbett, R. E. (2009). Intelligence and how to get it: Why schools and cultures count: New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company.
  • Owen, A. M., Hampshire, A., Grahn, J. A., Stenton, R., Dajani, S., Burns, A. S., ... Ballard, C. G. (2010). Putting brain training to the test. Nature, 465, 775–778.10.1038/nature09042
  • Passig, D., & Eden, S. (2000). Enhancing the induction skill of deaf and hard-of-hearing children with virtual reality technology. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 5, 277–285.10.1093/deafed/5.3.277
  • Perrig, W. J., Hollenstein, M., & Oelhafen, S. (2009). Can we improve fluid intelligence with training on working memory in persons with intellectual disabilities? Journal of Cognitive Education and Psychology, 8, 148–164.10.1891/1945-8959.8.2.148
  • Rezaiyan, A., Mohammadi, E., & Fallah, P. A. (2007). Effect of computer game intervention on the attention capacity of mentally retarded children. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 13, 284–288.10.1111/ijn.2007.13.issue-5
  • Rindermann, H., Flores-Mendozab, C., & Mansur-Alvesb, M. (2010). Reciprocal effects between fluid and crystallized intelligence and their dependence on parents’ socioeconomic status and education. Learning and Individual Differences, 20, 544–548.
  • Segers, E., Nooijen, M., & de Moor, J. (2006). Computer vocabulary training in kindergarten children with special needs. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 29, 343–345.10.1097/MRR.0b013e328010f4e0
  • Soderqvist, S., Nutley, S. B., Ottersen, J., Grill, K. M., & Klingberg, T. (2012). Computerized training of non-verbal reasoning and working memory in children with intellectual disability. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6, 271.
  • Spearman, C. (1923). The nature of “intelligence” and the principles of cognition. Oxford: Macmillan.
  • Staiano, A. E., Abraham, A. A., & Calvert, S. L. (2012). Competitive versus cooperative exergame play for African American adolescents’ executive function skills: Short-term effects in a long-term training intervention. Developmental Psychology, 48, 337–342.10.1037/a0026938
  • Stolker, J. J., Heerdink, E. R., Leufkens, H. G., Clerkx, M. G., & Nolen, W. A. (2001). Determinants of multiple psychotropic drug use in patients with mild intellectual disabilities or borderline intellectual functioning and psychiatric or behavioral disorders. General Hospital Psychiatry, 23, 345–349.10.1016/S0163-8343(01)00164-5
  • Taylor, H. G., Yeates, K. O., Wade, S. L., Drotar, D., Klein, S. K., & Stancin, T. (1999). Influences on first-year recovery from traumatic brain injury in children. Neuropsychology, 13, 76–89.
  • te Nijenhuis, J., van Vianen, A. E. M., & van der Flier, H. (2007). Score gains on g-loaded tests: No g. Intelligence, 35, 283–300.10.1016/j.intell.2006.07.006
  • Turkheimer, E., Haley, A., Waldron, M., D’Onofrio, B., & Gottesman, I. I. (2003). Socioeconomic status modifies heritability of iq in young children. Psychological Science, 14, 623–628.10.1046/j.0956-7976.2003.psci_1475.x
  • Valentin Kvist, A., & Gustafsson, J. E. (2008). The relation between fluid intelligence and the general factor as a function of cultural background: A test of Cattell’s Investment theory. Intelligence, 36, 422–436.10.1016/j.intell.2007.08.004
  • Van der Molen, M. J., Van Luit, J. E., Van der Molen, M. W., Klugkist, I., & Jongmans, M. J. (2010). Effectiveness of a computerised working memory training in adolescents with mild to borderline intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 54, 433–447.10.1111/j.1365-2788.2010.01285.x
  • Wechsler, D. (1939). The measurement of adult intelligence. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins Co.
  • Wechsler, D. (1999). Wechsler abbreviated scale of intelligence. San Antonio, TX: Harcourt Assessment.
  • Wechsler, D. (2003). Wechsler intelligence scale for children–Fourth edition San Antonio, TX: Harcourt Assessment.
  • Wechsler, D. (2006). Wechsler nonverbal scale of ability. San Antonio, TX: Harcourt Assessment.