Short-term autonomic nervous system and experiential responses during a labyrinth walk

References

• Anderson, J. W., Liu, C., & Kryscio, R. J. (2008). Blood pressure response to transcendental meditation: A meta-analysis. American Journal of Hypertension, 21(3), 310–316. doi:10.1038/ajh.2007.65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balaji, P. A., Varne, S. R., & Ali, S. S. (2012). Physiological effects of yogic practices and transcendental meditation in health and disease. North American Journal of Medical Sciences, 4(10), 442–448. doi:10.4103/1947-2714.101980
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barnes, V. A., Treiber, F. A., & Johnson, M. H. (2004). Impact of transcendental meditation on ambulatory blood pressure in African-American adolescents. American Journal of Hypertension, 17(4), 366–369. doi:10.1016/j.amjhyper.2003.12.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beltzer, E. K., Fortunato, C. K., Guaderrama, M. M., Peckins, M. K., Garramone, B. M., & Granger, D. A. (2010). Salivary flow and alpha-amylase: Collection technique, duration, and oral fluid type. Physiology & Behavior, 101(2), 289–296. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.05.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berntson, G. G., Bigger, J. T., Jr., Eckberg, D. L., Grossman, P., Kaufmann, P. G., Malik, M., … Van Der Molen, M. W. (1997). Heart rate variability: Origins, methods, and interpretive caveats. Psychophysiology, 34(6), 623–648.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berntson, G. G., Cacioppo, J. T., & Quigley, K. S. (1991). Autonomic determinism: The modes of autonomic control, the doctrine of autonomic space, and the laws of autonomic constraint. Psychological Review, 98(4), 459–487.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berntson, G. G., Quigley, K. S., Jang, J. F., & Boysen, S. T. (1990). An approach to artifact identification: Application to heart period data. Psychophysiology, 27(5), 586–598.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloos, I. D., & O’Connor, T. J. (2002). Ancient and medieval labyrinth and contemporary narrative therapy: How do they fit? Pastoral Psychology, 50(4), 219–230. doi:10.1023/A:1014097211429
   Google Scholar
• Bosch, J. A., Veerman, E. C., De Geus, E. J., & Proctor, G. B. (2011). alpha-Amylase as a reliable and convenient measure of sympathetic activity: Don’t start salivating just yet! Psychoneuroendocrinology, 36(4), 449–453. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.12.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Britton, W. B., Lindahl, J. R., Cahn, B. R., Davis, J. H., & Goldman, R. E. (2014). Awakening is not a metaphor: The effects of Buddhist meditation practices on basic wakefulness. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1307, 64–81. doi:10.1111/nyas.12279
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchanan, J. (2007). Labyrinths for the spirit: How to create your own labyrinths for meditation and enlightenment. New York, NY: Sterling Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Camm, A. J., Malik, M., Bigger, J. T., Breithardt, G., Cerutti, S., Cohen, R. J., … Lombardi, F. (1996). Heart rate variability. Standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use. European Heart Journal, 17(3), 354–381.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delmonte, M. M. (1984). Physiological responses during meditation and rest. Biofeedback Self-Regulation, 9(2), 181–200.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ditto, B., Eclache, M., & Goldman, N. (2006). Short-term autonomic and cardiovascular effects of mindfulness body scan meditation. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 32(3), 227–234. doi:10.1207/s15324796abm3203_9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grossman, P., & Taylor, E. W. (2007). Toward understanding respiratory sinus arrhythmia: Relations to cardiac vagal tone, evolution and biobehavioral functions. Biological Psychoogyl, 74(2), 263–285. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2005.11.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grossman, P., Wilhelm, F. H., & Spoerle, M. (2004). Respiratory sinus arrhythmia, cardiac vagal control, and daily activity. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 287(2), H728–H734. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00825.2003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris, N. (1999). Off the couch: An introduction to labyrinths and their therapeutic properties. Annals of the American Psychotherapy Association, 2(2), 7–8.
   Google Scholar
• La Torre, M. A. (2004). Walking: An important therapeutic tool. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 40(3), 120–122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labyrinth Locator. (2017, April 1). The labyrinth society. Retrieved from http://labyrinthlocator.com
   Google Scholar
• Lazar, S. W., Bush, G., Gollub, R. L., Fricchione, G. L., Khalsa, G., & Benson, H. (2000). Functional brain mapping of the relaxation response and meditation. Neuroreport, 11(7), 1581–1585.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luft, C. D., Takase, E., & Darby, D. (2009). Heart rate variability and cognitive function: Effects of physical effort. Biological Psychology, 82(2), 164–168. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2009.07.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lumma, A. L., Kok, B. E., & Singer, T. (2015). Is meditation always relaxing? Investigating heart rate, heart rate variability, experienced effort and likeability during training of three types of meditation. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 97(1), 38–45. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.04.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nater, U. M., & Rohleder, N. (2009). Salivary alpha-amylase as a non-invasive biomarker for the sympathetic nervous system: Current state of research. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 34(4), 486–496. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.01.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peel, J. M. (2004). The labyrinth: An innovative therapeutic tool for problem solving or achieving mental focus. The Family Journal, 12(3), 287–291. doi:10.1177/1066480704264349
   Google Scholar
• Peng, C. K., Henry, I. C., Mietus, J. E., Hausdorff, J. M., Khalsa, G., Benson, H., & Goldberger, A. L. (2004). Heart rate dynamics during three forms of meditation. International Journal of Cardiology, 95(1), 19–27. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2003.02.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porges, S. W. (2003). The polyvagal theory: Phylogenetic contributions to social behavior. Physiology & Behavior, 79(3), 503–513. doi:10.1016/S0031-9384(03)00156-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandor, K. M. (2005). The labyrinth: A walking meditation for healing and self-care. Explore: the Journal of Science and Healing, 1(6), 480–483. doi:10.1016/j.explore.2005.08.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saward, J. (2003). Labyrinths & mazes: A complete guide to magical paths of the world. New York, NY: Lark Books.
   Google Scholar
• Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Tang, Y. Y., Ma, Y., Fan, Y., Feng, H., Wang, J., Feng, S., … Fan, M. (2009). Central and autonomic nervous system interaction is altered by short-term meditation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(22), 8865–8870. doi:10.1073/pnas.0904031106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang, Y. Y., Rothbart, M. K., & Posner, M. I. (2012). Neural correlates of establishing, maintaining, and switching brain states. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16(6), 330–337. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2012.05.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thayer, J. F., Hansen, A. L., Saus-Rose, E., & Johnsen, B. H. (2009). Heart rate variability, prefrontal neural function, and cognitive performance: The neurovisceral integration perspective on self-regulation, adaptation, and health. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 37(2), 141–153. doi:10.1007/s12160-009-9101-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas, D. R. (2006). A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American Journal of Evaluation, 27(2), 237–246. doi:10.1177/1098214005283748
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Travis, F., Olson, T., Egenes, T., & Gupta, H. K. (2001). Physiological patterns during practice of the transcendental meditation technique compared with patterns while reading Sanskrit and a modern language. International Journal of Neuroscience, 109(1–2), 71–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallace, R. K. (1970). Physiological effects of transcendental meditation. Science, 167(3926), 1751–1754.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zanesco, A. P., King, B. G., Maclean, K. A., & Saron, C. D. (2013). Executive control and felt concentrative engagement following intensive meditation training. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7, 566. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00566
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar