Exploring users and non-users views of the Digital Twin on a mHealth app: a Thematic, qualitative approach

References

• Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Attig, C., & Franke, T. (2020). Abandonment of personal quantification: A review and empirical study investigating reasons for wearable activity tracking attrition. Computers in Human Behavior, 102, 223–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.08.025
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandura, A. (1991). Social cognitive theory of self-regulation. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 248–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90022-L
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banks, J., & Bowman, N. D. (2016). Avatars are (sometimes) people too: Linguistic indicators of parasocial and social ties in player–avatar relationships. New Media & Society, 18(7), 1257–1276. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444814554898
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baumeister, R. F., Vohs, K. D., & Tice, D. M. (2007). The strength model of self-control. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16(6), 351–355. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00534.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Behm-Morawitz, E. (2013). Mirrored selves: The influence of self-presence in a virtual world on health, appearance, and well-being. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(1), 119–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.07.023
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biduski, D., Bellei, E. A., Rodriguez, J. P. M., Zaina, L. A. M., & De Marchi, A. C. B. (2020). Assessing long-term user experience on a mobile health application through an in-app embedded conversation-based questionnaire. Computers in Human Behavior, 104, 106169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.106169
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blut, M., Wang, C., Wünderlich, N. V., & Brock, C. (2021). Understanding anthropomorphism in service provision: A meta-analysis of physical robots, chatbots, and other AI. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 49(4), 1–27.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
   Google Scholar
• Chan, A., Kow, R., & Cheng, J. K. (2017). Adolescents’ perceptions on smartphone applications (apps) for health management. Journal of Mobile Technology in Medicine, 6(2), 47–55. https://doi.org/10.7309/jmtm.6.2.6
   Google Scholar
• Clark, J. M., & Brancati, F. L. (2000). The challenge of obesity-related chronic diseases. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 15(11), 828. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2000.00923.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conroy, D. E., Hojjatinia, S., Lagoa, C. M., Yang, C. H., Lanza, S. T., & Smyth, J. M. (2019). Personalized models of physical activity responses to text message micro-interventions: A proof-of-concept application of control systems engineering methods. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 41, 172–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.06.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cordeiro, F., Epstein, D. A., Thomaz, E., Bales, E., Jagannathan, A. K., Abowd, G. D., & Fogarty, J. (2015, April). Barriers and negative nudges: Exploring challenges in food journaling. In Proceedings of the 33rd annual ACM conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. 1159–1162).
   Google Scholar
• Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2012). Self-determination theory.
   Google Scholar
• Dennison, L., Morrison, L., Conway, G., & Yardley, L. (2013). Opportunities and challenges for smartphone applications in supporting health behavior change: Qualitative study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 15(4), e86. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.2583
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flaherty, S. J., McCarthy, M. B., Collins, A. M., & McAuliffe, F. M. (2019). A different perspective on consumer engagement: Exploring the experience of using health apps to support healthier food purchasing. Journal of Marketing Management, 35(3–4), 310–337. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2019.1576756
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox, J., & Bailenson, J. N. (2009). Virtual self-modeling: The effects of vicarious reinforcement and identification on exercise behaviors. Media Psychology, 12(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/15213260802669474
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox, J., Bailenson, J. N., & Tricase, L. (2013). The embodiment of sexualized virtual selves: The proteus effect and experiences of self-objectification via avatars. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(3), 930–938. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.12.027
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goethals, G. R., & Darley, J. M. (1987). Social comparison theory: Self-evaluation and group life. In Theories of group behavior (pp. 21–47). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Gollwitzer, P. M. (1999). Implementation intentions: Strong effects of simple plans. American Psychologist, 54(7), 493. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.54.7.493
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haththotuwa, R. N., Wijeyaratne, C. N., & Senarath, U. (2020). Worldwide epidemic of obesity. In obesity and obstetrics . Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Haynes, A., Kersbergen, I., Sutin, A., Daly, M., & Robinson, E. (2018). A systematic review of the relationship between weight status perceptions and weight loss attempts, strategies, behaviours and outcomes. Obesity Reviews, 19(3), 347–363. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12634
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins, E. T. (1987). Self-discrepancy: A theory relating self and affect. Psychological Review, 94(3), 319. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.94.3.319
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horne, M., Hill, A., Murells, T., Ugail, H., Hardy, M., Hardy, M., & Hardy, M. (2020). Using avatars in weight management settings: A systematic review. Internet Interventions, 19, 100295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2019.100295
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hosseinpour, M., & Terlutter, R. (2019). Your personal motivator is with you: A systematic review of mobile phone applications aiming at increasing physical activity. Sports Medicine, 49(9), 1425–1447. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-019-01128-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurkmans, E., Matthys, C., Bogaerts, A., Scheys, L., Devloo, K., & Seghers, J. (2018). Face-to-face versus mobile versus blended weight loss program: Randomized clinical trial. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 6(1), e7713.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Islam, M. M., Poly, T. N., Walther, B. A., & Li, Y. C. J. (2020). Use of mobile phone app interventions to promote weight loss: Meta-analysis. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 8(7), e17039. https://doi.org/10.2196/17039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janz, N. K., & Becker, M. H. (1984). The health belief model: A decade later. Health Education Quarterly, 11(1), 1–47. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019818401100101
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jason, L., & Glenwick, D. (Eds.). (2016). Handbook of methodological approaches to community-based research: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods. Oxford university press.
   Google Scholar
• Javornik, A., Marder, B., Pizzetti, M., & Warlop, L. (2021). Augmented self-The effects of virtual face augmentation on consumers’ self-concept. Journal of Business Research, 130, 170–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.03.026
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnstone, G., & Grant, S. L. (2019). Weight stigmatisation in antiobesity campaigns: The role of images. Health Promotion Journal of Australia, 30(1), 37–46. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpja.183
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, A. S., & Petrie, K. J. (2017). I can see clearly now: Using active visualisation to improve adherence to ART and PrEP. AIDS and Behavior, 21(2), 335–340. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-016-1611-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, Y., & Sundar, S. S. (2012). Visualizing ideal self vs. actual self through avatars: Impact on preventive health outcomes. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(4), 1356–1364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.02.021
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, H., Ray, C. D., & Veluscek, A. M. (2017). Complementary support from facilitators and peers for promoting mHealth engagement and weight loss. Journal of Health Communication, 22(11), 905–912. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2017.1373876
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• König, L. M., Attig, C., Franke, T., & Renner, B. (2021). Barriers to and facilitators for using nutrition apps: Systematic review and conceptual framework. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 9(6), e20037. https://doi.org/10.2196/20037
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kreuter, M. W., & Skinner, C. S. (2000). Tailoring: What's in a name?. Health Education Research, 15(1), 1–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leventhal, H., Meyer, D., & Nerenz, D. (1980). The common sense representation of illness danger. Contributions to Medical Psychology, 2, 7–30.
   Google Scholar
• Liu, M., Fang, S., Dong, H., & Xu, C. (2021). Review of digital twin about concepts, technologies, and industrial applications. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 58, 346–361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2020.06.017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyles, A. A., Amresh, A., Huberty, J., Todd, M., & Lee, R. E. (2017). A mobile, avatar-based app for improving body perceptions among adolescents: A pilot test. JMIR Serious Games, 5(1), e6354. https://doi.org/10.2196/games.6354
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malterud, K. (2001). Qualitative research: Standards, challenges, and guidelines. The Lancet, 358(9280), 483–488. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(01)05627-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcolino, M. S., Oliveira, J. A. Q., D’Agostino, M., Ribeiro, A. L., Alkmim, M. B. M., & Novillo-Ortiz, D. (2018). The impact of mHealth interventions: Systematic review of systematic reviews. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 6(1), e23. https://doi.org/10.2196/mhealth.8873
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin, S. S., Feldman, D. I., Blumenthal, R. S., Jones, S. R., Post, W. S., McKibben, R. A., Blaha, M. J., Ndumele, C. E., Ratchford, E. V., Coresh, J., & Blaha, M. J. (2015). mActive: A randomized clinical trial of an automated mHealth intervention for physical activity promotion. Journal of the American Heart Association, 4(11), e002239. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.115.002239
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCarroll, R., Eyles, H., & Mhurchu, C. N. (2017). Effectiveness of mobile health (mHealth) interventions for promoting healthy eating in adults: A systematic review. Preventive Medicine, 105, 156–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.08.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, E., & Polson, D. (2019). Apps, avatars, and robots: The future of mental healthcare. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 40(3), 208–214. https://doi.org/10.1080/01612840.2018.1524535
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mölbert, S. C., Thaler, A., Mohler, B. J., Streuber, S., Romero, J., Black, M. J., Giel, K. E., Karnath, H.-O., & Giel, K. E. (2018). Assessing body image in anorexia nervosa using biometric self-avatars in virtual reality: Attitudinal components rather than visual body size estimation are distorted. Psychological Medicine, 48(4), 642–653. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291717002008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mori, M., MacDorman, K. F., & Kageki, N. (2012). The uncanny valley [from the field]. IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine, 19(2), 98–100. https://doi.org/10.1109/MRA.2012.2192811
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noar, S. M., Benac, C. N., & Harris, M. S. (2007). Does tailoring matter? Meta-analytic review of tailored print health behavior change interventions. Psychological Bulletin, 133(4), 673.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Brien, B. C., Harris, I. B., Beckman, T. J., Reed, D. A., & Cook, D. A. (2014). Standards for reporting qualitative research: A synthesis of recommendations. Academic Medicine, 89(9), 1245–1251. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000000388
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, J. (2018). The effect of virtual avatar experience on body image discrepancy, body satisfaction and weight regulation intention. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.5817/CP2018-1-3
   Google Scholar
• Peña, J. (2020). Proteus effect. The International Encyclopedia of Media Psychology, 1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Peng, W., Kanthawala, S., Yuan, S., & Hussain, S. A. (2016). A qualitative study of user perceptions of mobile health apps. BMC Public Health, 16(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3808-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perski, O., Blandford, A., West, R., & Michie, S. (2017). Conceptualising engagement with digital behaviour change interventions: A systematic review using principles from critical interpretive synthesis. Translational Behavioral Medicine, 7(2), 254–267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13142-016-0453-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perski, O., Crane, D., Beard, E., & Brown, J. (2019). Does the addition of a supportive chatbot promote user engagement with a smoking cessation app? An experimental study. Digital Health, 5, 2055207619880676. https://doi.org/10.1177/2055207619880676
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porras-Garcia, B., Serrano-Troncoso, E., Carulla-Roig, M., Soto-Usera, P., Ferrer-Garcia, M., Figueras-Puigderrajols, N., Yilmaz, L., Onur Sen, Y., Shojaeian, N., & Gutiérrez-Maldonado, J. (2020). Virtual reality body exposure therapy for anorexia nervosa. A case report with follow-up results. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 956. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00956
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prochaska, J. O., & DiClemente, C. C. (1983). Stages and processes of self-change of smoking: Toward an integrative model of change. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 51(3), 390. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.51.3.390
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers, R. W. (1975). A protection motivation theory of fear appeals and attitude change1. The Journal of Psychology, 91(1), 93–114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan, D. H., & Yockey, S. R. (2017). Weight loss and improvement in comorbidity: Differences at 5%, 10%, 15%, and over. Current Obesity Reports, 6(2), 187–194. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-017-0262-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scarpina, F., Serino, S., Keizer, A., Chirico, A., Scacchi, M., Castelnuovo, G., & Riva, G. (2019). The effect of a virtual-reality full-body illusion on body representation in obesity. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(9), 1330. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8091330
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schultze, U., & Leahy, M. M. (2009). The avatar-self relationship: Enacting presence in second life.
   Google Scholar
• Short, C. E., DeSmet, A., Woods, C., Williams, S. L., Maher, C., Middelweerd, A., Crutzen, R., Wark, P. A., Vandelanotte, C., Poppe, L., Hingle, M. D., & Crutzen, R. (2018). Measuring engagement in eHealth and mHealth behavior change interventions: Viewpoint of methodologies. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 20(11), e9397. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.9397
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solbrig, L., Jones, R., Kavanagh, D., May, J., Parkin, T., & Andrade, J. (2017). People trying to lose weight dislike calorie counting apps and want motivational support to help them achieve their goals. Internet Interventions, 7, 23–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2016.12.003
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Steele, C. M. (1988). The psychology of self-affirmation: Sustaining the integrity of the self. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 21, pp. 261–302). Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Vlahu-Gjorgievska, E., Mulakaparambil Unnikrishnan, S., & Win, K. T. (2018). mHealth applications: A tool for behaviour change in weight management. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, 252, 158–163.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Westerman, D., Tamborini, R., & Bowman, N. D. (2015). The effects of static avatars on impression formation across different contexts on social networking sites. Computers in Human Behavior, 53, 111–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.06.026
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2018). Technical package for cardiovascular disease management in primary health care: Healthy-lifestyle counselling. No. WHO/NMH/NVI/18.1.
   Google Scholar
• Wrzesien, M., Rodríguez, A., Rey, B., Alcañiz, M., Baños, R. M., & Vara, M. D. (2015). How the physical similarity of avatars can influence the learning of emotion regulation strategies in teenagers. Computers in Human Behavior, 43, 101–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.09.024
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan, S., Ma, W., Kanthawala, S., & Peng, W. (2015). Keep using my health apps: discover users’ perception of health and fitness apps with the UTAUT2 model. Telemedicine and e-Health, 21(9), 735–741. https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2014.0148
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar