A visibility assessment of the design pattern of car tail lamps in terms of perceptual sensitivity on face recognition abilities

References

• Abbruzzese, L., Magnani, N., Robertson, I. H., & Mancuso, M. (2019). Age and gender differences in emotion recognition. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2371. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02371
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allison, T., Puce, A., Spencer, D. D., & McCarthy, G. (1999). Electrophysiological studies of human face perception. i: Potentials generated in occipitotemporal cortex by face and non-face stimuli. Cerebral Cortex, 9(5), 415–21. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/9.5.415
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alonso, F., Esteban, C., Montoro, L., & Serge, A. (2019). Conceptualization of aggressive driving behaviors through a perception of aggressive driving scale (pad). Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 60, 415–426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2018.10.032
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bentin, S., Allison, T., Puce, A., Perez, E., & McCarthy, G. (1996). Electrophysiological studies of face perception in humans. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 8(6), 551–565. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.1996.8.6.551
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boehm, S. G., Dering, B., & Thierry, G. (2011). Category-sensitivity in the n170 range: A question of topography and inversion, not one of amplitude. Neuropsychologia, 49(7), 2082–2089. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.03.039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bötzel, K., Schulze, S., & Stodieck, S. R. (1995). Scalp topography and analysis of intracranial sources of face-evoked potentials. Experimental Brain Research, 104(1), 135–143. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00229863
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boucher, J. D., & Ekman, P. (2006). Facial areas and emotional information. Journal of Communication, 25(2), 21–29. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1975.tb00577.x
   Google Scholar
• Burra, N., Barras, C., Coll, S. Y., & Kerzel, D. (2016). Electrophysiological evidence for attentional capture by irrelevant angry facial expressions. Biological Psychology, 120, 69–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.08.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calder, A. J., Young, A. W., Keane, J., & Dean, M. (2000). Configural information in facial expression perception. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 26(2), 527–551. https://doi.org/10.1037//0096-1523.26.2.527
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calvo, M. G., & Nummenmaa, L. (2008). Detection of emotional faces: Salient physical features guide effective visual search. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 137(3), 471–494. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012771
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cameron, D. L. (1995). Color-specificity to enhance identification of rear lights. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 80(3), 755–769. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1995.80.3.755
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cavallo, V., Colomb, M., & Doré, J. (2001). Distance perception of vehicle rear lights in fog. Human Factors, 43(3), 442–451. https://doi.org/10.1518/001872001775898197
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eimer, M., & Kiss, M. (2008). Involuntary attentional capture is determined by task set: Evidence from event-related brain potentials. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 20(8), 1423–1433. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2008.20099
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eimer, M., Kiss, M., & Nicholas, S. (2010). Response profile of the face-sensitive n170 component: A rapid adaptation study. Cerebral Cortex, 20(10), 2442–2452. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhp312
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flannagan, M. J. (1998). Photometric requirements for signal lamps using innovative light sources: Updating requirements based on lighted sections. Transportation Research Institute, UMTRI-98-19
   Google Scholar
• Fox, E., & Damjanovic, L. (2006). The eyes are sufficient to produce a threat superiority effect. Emotion, 6(3), 534–539. https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.6.3.534
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox, E., Lester, V., Russo, R., Bowles, R., Pichler, A., & Dutton, K. (2000). Facial expressions of emotion: Are angry faces detected more efficiently? Cognition & Emotion, 14(1), 61–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/026999300378996
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen, C. H., & Hansen, R. D. (1988). Finding the face in the crowd: An anger superiority effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 917. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.917
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hautière, N., Dumont, E., Brèmond, R., & Ledoux, V. (2009). Review of the mechanisms of visibility reduction by rain and wet road.  In 8th International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, München, (pp. 445–455).
   Google Scholar
• Horstmann, G., & Bauland, A. (2006). Search asymmetries with real faces: Testing the anger-superiority effect. Emotion, 6(2), 193–207. https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.6.2.193
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J.D. POWER. (2019). Nvis: New vehicle intender study. https://japan.jdpower.com/ja/press-releases/2019_Japan_New_Vehicle_Intender_Study
   Google Scholar
• Juth, P., Lundqvist, D., Karlsson, A., & Ohman, A. (2005). Looking for foes and friends: Perceptual and emotional factors when finding a face in the crowd. Emotion, 5(4), 379–395. https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.5.4.379
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khumalo, N. (2014). Visibility improvements through information provision regarding sun glare: A case study in Cape Town. [PhD thesis]. University of Cape Town.
   Google Scholar
• Kloth, N., Itier, R. J., & Schweinberger, S. R. (2013). Combined effects of inversion and feature removal on n170 responses elicited by faces and car fronts. Brain and Cognition, 81(3), 321–328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2013.01.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Llaneras, R. E., Neurauter, M. L., Perez, M. (2010). Evaluation of enhanced brake lights using surrogate safety metrics: Task 2 & 3 report: Development of rear signaling model and work plan for large scale field evaluation (Technical report).
   Google Scholar
• Lundqvist, D., Esteves, F., & Ohman, A. (1999). The face of wrath: Critical features for conveying facial threat. Cognition & Emotion, 13(6), 691–711. https://doi.org/10.1080/026999399379041
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mori, K., Kato, T., Takahashi, T., Ide, I., Murase, H., Miyahara, T., & Tamatsu, Y. (2006). Visibility estimation in foggy conditions by in-vehicle camera and radar. In First International Conference on Innovative Computing, Information and Control-Volume I (ICICIC’06), (vol 2, pp. 548–551). Beijing, China: IEEE.
   Google Scholar
• Mortimer, R. G. (1995). Dynamic evaluation of automobile rear lighting configurations. Highway Research Record, 275, 12–22.
   Google Scholar
• Morton, J., & Johnson, M. H. (1991). Conspec and conlern: A two-process theory of infant face recognition. Psychological Review, 98(2), 164. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.98.2.164
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagamachi, M. (2011). Kansei/affective engineering. CRC Press.
   Google Scholar
• Nakajima, K., Minami, T., & Nakauchi, S. (2017). Interaction between facial expression and color. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 41019. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep41019
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Öhman, A., Lundqvist, D., & Esteves, F. (2001). The face in the crowd revisited: A threat advantage with schematic stimuli. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80(3), 381. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.80.3.381
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (2004). U.S. code of federal regulations. Title 49, Part 571, Standard 108 federal motor vehicle safety standards.
   Google Scholar
• Öhman, A., Juth, P., & Lundqvist, D. (2010). Finding the face in a crowd: Relationships between distractor redundancy, target emotion, and target gender. Cognition and Emotion, 24(7), 1216–1228. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930903166882
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plainis, S., Murray, I., & Pallikaris, I. (2006). Road traffic casualties: Understanding the night-time death toll. Injury Prevention, 12(2), 125–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/ip.2005.011056
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Regulation of The European Parliament and of the Council. (2009). Vehicle safety systems | Mobility and transport. https://ec.europa.eu/transport/themes/its/road/application_areas/vehicle_safety_systems_en
   Google Scholar
• Rossion, B., & Jacques, C. (2011). The n170: Understanding the time-course of face perception in the human brain. In Luck, S. and Kappenman, E (Eds.), The oxford handbook of ERP components (pp. 115–142). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Shibui, S., & Shigemasu, K. (2005). A model of two-dimensional placement of the facial expressions of emotion. Japanese Psychological Research, 76(2), 113–121. https://doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.76.113
   Google Scholar
• Sivak, M., Flannagan, M. J., Miyokawa, T., & Traube, E. C. (2000). Color identification in the visual periphery: Consequences for color coding of vehicle signals. Transportation Human Factors, 2(2), 135–150. https://doi.org/10.1207/STHF0202_04
   Google Scholar
• Stephen, I. D., Oldham, F. H., Perrett, D. I., & Barton, R. A. (2012). Redness enhances perceived aggression, dominance and attractiveness in men’s faces. Evolutionary Psychology, 10(3), 147470491201000312. https://doi.org/10.1177/147470491201000312
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tipples, J., Atkinson, A. P., & Young, A. W. (2002). The eyebrow frown: A salient social signal. Emotion, 2(3), 288. https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.2.3.288
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tobitani, K., Kato, K., & Yamamoto, K. (2013). Research of information presenting method based on characteristics of peripheral vision. IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems, 133(1), 2–7. https://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.133.2
   Google Scholar
• Weymar, M., Low, A., Ohman, A., & Hamm, A. (2011). The face is more than its parts—brain dynamics of enhanced spatial attention to spatial threat. NeuroImage, 58(7), 946–954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.06.061
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Williams, M., Moss, S., Bradshaw, J., & Mattingley, J. (2005). Look at me, i’m smiling: Visual search for threatening and nonthreatening facial expressions. Visual Cognition, 12(1), 29–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/13506280444000193
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar