The Effects of Water Hyacinth Invasion on Smallholder Farming along River Tano and Tano Lagoon, Ghana

References

• Adigun, B.T., Baimro, O.M., & Adedeji, I. A. (2015). Explaining poverty and inequality by income sources in rural Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (IOSR-JHSS), Volume 20(Issue 3), 61–13. http://iosrjournals.org/iors-jhss/papers/Vol20-issue3/Version-5/K020356170.pdf
   Google Scholar
• American Economic Association. (1966). The theory of peasant economy. Homewood, Illinois: Richard D. Irwin Inc. Retrieved from https://growthecon.com/assets/papers/alexander_chayanov_the_theory_of_peasant_economy.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Annang, T. Y. (2012). Composition of the invasive macrophyte community in three river basins in the Okyeman area, Southern Ghana. West African Journal of Applied Ecology, 20(3), 69–72.
   Google Scholar
• Belletti, M. (2015). The emerging role of the peasant economy at the end of the industrial age: Insights from Albania. Procedia Economics and Finance, 33, 78–89. doi:10.1016/S2212-5671(15)01695-0
   Google Scholar
• Bhattacharya, A., & Kumar, P. (2010). Water hyacinth as a potential bio-fuel crop. Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 9(1), 112–122.
   Google Scholar
• Borokini, T. I., & Babalola, F. D. (2012). Management of invasive plant species in Nigeria through economic exploitation: Lessons from other countries. Management of Biological Invasions, 3(Issue 1), 45–55. doi:10.3391/mbi
   Google Scholar
• Dagno, K., Lahlali, R., Diourte, M., & Haissam, J. (2012). Fungi occurring on water hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes [Martius] Solms-Laubach) in Niger River in Mali and their evaluation as mycoherbicides. Journal of Aquatic Plant Management, 50, 25–32.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Graft Johnson, K. A. A. (1995). Integrated control of aquatic weeds In Ghana. In R. Charudattan, R. Labrada, T. D. Center, & C. Kelly-Begazo (Eds.), Strategies for water hyacinth control (pp. 28–44). Florida, FL: Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations.
   Google Scholar
• De Graft-Johnson, K. A. A., Blay, J., Nunoo, F. K. E., & Amankwah, C. C. (2010). Biodiversity threats assessment of the Western region of Ghana. The Integrated Coastal and Fisheries Governance (ICFG) Initiative Ghana. Retrieved from http://:www.crc.uri.edu/Biodiversity_Threats_Assessment_Final_505.pdf, .
   Google Scholar
• Dempsey, C. (2012). Distance decay and its use in GIS. Retrieved from https://www.gislounge.com/distance-decay-and-its-use-in-gis/.
   Google Scholar
• Djurfeldt, G. (2016). Family and capital farming: Conceptual and historical perspectives. Retrieved from http://portal.research.lu.se/portal/files/1382864/Family_and_capitalist_farming_conceptual_and_historical_perspectives.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Dreesen, P. E., De Boeck, H. J., & Janssens, I. A. & Nijs, I. (2012). Summer heat and drought extremes trigger unexpected changes in productivity of a temperate annual/biannual plant community. Environ. Exp. Bot., 79, 21–30.
   Google Scholar
• Enete, A. A., & Onyekuru, A. N. (2011). Challenges of agricultural adaptation to climate change: Empirical evidence from Southeast Nigeria. TROPICULTURA, 29(4), 243–249. http://www.tropicultura.org/text/v29n4/243.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Evans, S.P., Knezevic, S.Z., Linquist, J.L., & Shapiro, C. A. (2003). Influence of nitrogen and duration of weed interference on corn growth and development. Weed Science, 51, 546–556.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fami, H. S., Samiee, A., & Sadati, S. A. (2009). An examination of challenges facing peasant farming system in Iran. World Applied Sciences Journal, 6(9), 1281–1286.
   Google Scholar
• FAO (Food and Agriculture Organisation)/Government Cooperative Programme. (1998). Integrated control of aquatic weeds project: findings and recommendation in ghana. Rome: Author
   Google Scholar
• Finlayson, C. M., Ntiamoa-Baidu, G. C., Tumbulto, Y., & Storrs, M. (2000). The hydrology of Keta and Songhor Lagoons: Implications for coastal wetland management in Ghana. Supervising Scientist Report 152. Supervising Scientist, Darwin.
   Google Scholar
• Firehun, Y., Struik, P. C., Lantinga, E. A., & Taye, T. (2014). Water Hyacinth in the rift valley water bodies of Ethiopia: Its distribution, socioeconomic importance and management. International Journal of Current Agricultural Research, 3(5), 67–075.
   Google Scholar
• Ganle, J. K., Afriye, K., & Segbefia, A. Y. (2015). Microcredit: Empowerment and disempowerment of rural women in Ghana. World Development, 66, 335–345. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.08.027
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghana News Agency (2007). Water hyacinth threatens marine life, restricts movements. . Retrieved from http://www.ghananewsagency.org/.
   Google Scholar
• Ghana Statistical Service. (2014). 2010 population and housing census: District analytical report, Jomoro District. Accra, Ghana: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Hauser, L., Wernand, A., Korangteng, R., Simpeney, N., & Sumani, A. (2014). Water hyacinth in the lower Volta Region: Turning aquatic weeds from problem to sustainable opportunity by fostering local entrepreneurship.
   Google Scholar
• Hilmi, A., & Burbi, S. (2015). Peasant Farming, a buffer for human societies. Development, 58(2–3), 346–353. doi:10.1057/s41301-016-0035-z
   Google Scholar
• Iderawumi, A. M. (2018). Characteristics effects of weed on growth performance and yield of maize (zea mays). Biomedical Journal Of Scientific and Technical Research, Vol. 7(3), 7.
   Google Scholar
• Jafari, N. (2010). Ecological and socio-economic utilization of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes Mart. Solms). Journal of Applied Science and Environmental Management, 14, 43–49.
   Google Scholar
• Javald, A. (2010). Effect of six problematic weeds on growth and yield of wheat. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 42(4), 2461–2471.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jayan, P. R., & Sathyanathan, N. (2012). Aquatic weed classification, environmental effects and the management technologies for its effective control in Kerala, India. International Journal of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, 5(1), 76–91.
   Google Scholar
• Kamau, A.N., Kinyua, Njogu, P., & Sessay, M. (2015). Sustainability challenges and opportunities of generating biogas from water hyacinth in ndunga village, kenya. Responsible natural resource economy programme issue paper 005/2015. Retrieved from http://www.africaportal.org/documents/14234/Issue_paper_0052015.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Kateregga, E., & Sterner, T. (2009). Lake Victoria fish stocks and the effects of water hyacinth. The Journal of Environment and Development, 18, 62–78. doi:10.1177/1070496508329467
   Google Scholar
• Kumar, R. (2011). Research methodology: A step-by-step guide for beginners (3rd ed.). London: SAGE Publications Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Lipiec, J., Doussan, C., Nosalewicz, A., & Kondracka, K. (2013). Effect of drought and heat stresses on plant growth and yield: a review. International Agrophysics, 27, 463–477.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning. (2015). The composite budget of the Jomoro District Assembly for the 2014 fiscal year. Accra, Ghana: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Mumin, A. A., Gyasi, R. M., Segbefia, Y. A., Forkuor, D., & Ganle, J. K. (2018). Internalised and social experiences of HIV induced stigma and discrimination in urban Ghana. Global Social Welfare : Research, Policy & Practice, 5(1), 1–13. doi:10.1007/s40609-018-0111-2
   Google Scholar
• Navarro, L., & Phiri, G. (2000). Water hyacinth in Africa and the Middle East: A survey of problems and solutions. Retrieved from http://www.idrc.ca/sites/default/files/openebooks/933-x/index_html
   Google Scholar
• Ndimele, P. E., Kumolu – Johnson, C. A., & Anetakhai, M. A. (2011). The Invasive macrophyte, water hyacinth {Eichhornia crassipes (Mart) Solm – Laubach: Pontedericeae}: Problems and prospects. Research Journal of Environmental Sciences, 5, 509–520. doi:10.3923/rjes.2011.509.520
   Google Scholar
• Ogulande, Y. (2002). Impact of water hyacinth on socio-economic activities: Ondo State as a case study. Retrieved from http://aquaticcommons.org/953/1/WH_175-183.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Omondi, Gichuki, J., Boera, R., Okorut, P., Matano, T., Jembe, A., & Ofulla, A. (2012). Water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes (Mart) Solms-Laubach dynamics and succession in the Nyanza Gulf of Lake Victoria (East Africa): Implications for water quality and biodiversity conservation. The Scientific World Journal, Volume 2012, 1–11. doi:10.1100/2012/106429
   Google Scholar
• Onyango, J.P., & Ondeng, M.A. (2015). The contribution of the multiple usage of water hyacinth on the economic development of riparian communities in dunga and kichinjio of kisumu central sub county, kenya. American Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, Vol 1(No. 3), 3.
   Google Scholar
• Patel, S. (2012). Threats, management and envisaged utilizations of aquatic weed Eichhornia Crassipes: An overview. Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology, 11(3), 249–259. doi:10.1007/s11157-012-9289-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ploeg, J. (2008). The new peasantries: Struggles for autonomy and sustainability in an era of globalization and empire. London: Earthscan.
   Google Scholar
• Ploeg, J. (2017). The importance of peasant agriculture: A neglected truth. Farewell address upon retiring as Professor of Transition Processes in Europe at Wageningen University & Research. Retrieved from edepot.wur.nl/403213.
   Google Scholar
• Rantso, T. A. (2016). The role of the non-farm sector in rural development in lesotho. J. of Modern African Studies, 54(2), 317–338.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ray, P., & Hill, M. P. (2013). Microbial agents for control of aquatic weeds and their role in integrated management. CAB Reviews, 8(014), 1–9. doi:10.1079/PAVSNNR20138014
   Google Scholar
• Rollins, J. A., Habte, E., Templer, S. E., Colby, T., & Schmidt, J., & von Korff, M. (2013). Leaf proteome alterations in the context of physiological and morphological responses to drought and heat stresses in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). J. Exp. Botany, 64(11), 3201–3212
   Google Scholar
• Samberg, L. H., Gerber, J. S., Ramankutty, N., Herrero, M., & West, P. C. (2016). Subnational distribution of average farm size and smallholder contributions to global food production. Environmental Research Letters, 11, 124010. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/11/12/124010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shalaby, M. Y., Al-Zahrani, K. H., Baig, M. B., Straquadine, G. S., & Aldosari, F. (2011). Threats and challenges to sustainable agriculture and rural development in Egypt: Implications for agricultural extension. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 21(3), 581-588.
   Google Scholar
• Shanab, S. M. M., Shalaby, E. A., Lightfoot, D. A., & El-Shemy, H. A. (2010). Allelopathic effects of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). PloS one, 5(10), e13200. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spoor, M. (2015). Rural development and the future of small-scale family farms. Rural transformations - Technical papers series #3. Retrieved from www.fao.org/3/a-i5153e.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Teodor, S. (1986). Russia in the 1920s: Chayanov’s “Theory of Peasant Economy” and its place in the contemporary intellectual history. Retrieved from https://www.europe-solidaire.org/spip.php?article40122
   Google Scholar
• Thuo, A.D.M. (2010). Community and social responses to land use transformations in the nairobi rural-urban Fringe, Kenya, Field Actions Science Reports Special Issue 1-Urban Agriculture. Retrieved from http://factsreports.revues.org/index435.html
   Google Scholar
• Torero, M. (2011). A framework for linking small farmers to markets’. Paper presented at the IFAD Conference on New Directions for Smallholder Agriculture, 24–25. Retrieved from http://www.ifad.org/events/agriculture/doc/papers/torero.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Waithaka, E. (2013). Impacts of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) on the fishing communities of Lake Naivasha, Kenya. Journal of Biodiversity and Endangered Species Issue, 2(1), 108. doi:10.4172/2332–2543.1000108
   Google Scholar
• Water Resources Commission. (2012). Tano River basin-integrated water resources management plan. Accra: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Wortman, S. E., & Lovell, S. T. (2013). Environmental challenges threatening the growth of urban agriculture in the united states. Journal of Environmental Quality, 42(5), 1283–94. doi:10.2134/jeq.2013.01.0031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y., Zhang, D., & Barret, S. (2010). Genetic uniformity characterises the invasive spread of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), a clonal aquatic plant. Molecular Ecology, 19, 1774–1786.
   Google Scholar
• Zidana, A., Kaunda, E., Phiri, A., Khalil-Eldris, A., Matiya, G., & Jamu, D. (2007). Factors influencing cultivation of the Lilongwe and Linthipe River Banks in Malawi: A case study of Salima Disrict. Journal of Applied Sciences, 7(21), 3334–3335. doi:10.3923/jas.2007.3334.3337
   Google Scholar