Metabolic effects of glabridin in healthy volunteers and patients with type 2 diabetes: A pilot study

References

• Ahn, J., Lee, H., Jang, J., Kim, S., & HA, T. (2013). Anti-obesity effects of glabridin-rich supercritical carbon dioxide extract of licorice in high-fat-fed obese mice. Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 51, 439–11. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2012.08.048
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aoki, F., Honda, S., Kishida, H., Kitano, M., Arai, N., Tanaka, H., … Mae, T. (2007a). Suppression by licorice flavonoids of abdominal fat accumulation and body weight gain in high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6J mice. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 71, 206–214. doi:10.1271/bbb.60463
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aoki, F., Nakagawa, K., Kitano, M., Ikematsu, H., Nakamura, K., Yokota, S., … Mae, T. (2007b). Clinical safety of licorice flavonoid oil (LFO) and pharmacokinetics of glabridin in healthy humans. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 26, 209–218. doi:10.1080/07315724.2007.10719603
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aoki, F., Nakagawa, K., Tanaka, A., Matsuzaki, K., Arai, N., & Mae, T. (2005). Determination of glabridin in human plasma by solid-phase extraction and LC-MS/MS. Journal of Chromatography. B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences, 828, 70–74. doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.09.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benjamin, E. J., Larson, M. G., Keyes, M. J., Mitchell, G. F., Vasan, R. S., Keaney, J. F., JR., … Vita, J. A. (2004). Clinical correlates and heritability of flow-mediated dilation in the community: The Framingham heart study. Circulation, 109, 613–619. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000112565.60887.1E
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Celermajer, D. S., Sorensen, K. E., Gooch, V. M., Spiegelhalter, D. J., Miller, O. I., Sullivan, I. D., … Deanfield, J. E. (1992). Non-invasive detection of endothelial dysfunction in children and adults at risk of atherosclerosis. Lancet, 340, 1111–1115. doi:10.1016/0140-6736(92)93147-f
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corretti, M. C., Anderson, T. J., Benjamin, E. J., Celermajer, D., Charbonneau, F., Creager, M. A., … Vogel, R. (2002). Guidelines for the ultrasound assessment of endothelial-dependent flow-mediated vasodilation of the brachial artery: A report of the International Brachial artery reactivity task force. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 39, 257–265. doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(01)01746-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guariguata, L., Whiting, D. R., Hambleton, I., Beagley, J., Linnenkamp, U., & Shaw, J. E. (2014). Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2013 and projections for 2035. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 103, 137–149. doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2013.11.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasanein, P. (2011). Glabridin as a major active isoflavan from Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) reverses learning and memory deficits in diabetic rats. Acta Physiologica Hungarica, 98, 221–230. doi:10.1556/APhysiol.98.2011.2.14
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hsieh, M. J., Chen, M. K., Chen, C. J., Hsieh, M. C., Lo, Y. S., Chuang, Y. C., … Yang, S. F. (2016). Glabridin induces apoptosis and autophagy through JNK1/2 pathway in human hepatoma cells. Phytomedicine, 23, 359–366. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2016.01.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang, J. S., Yoon, Y. D., Cho, I. J., Han, M. H., Lee, C. W., Park, S. K., & Kim, H. M. (2005). Glabridin, an isoflavan from licorice root, inhibits inducible nitric-oxide synthase expression and improves survival of mice in experimental model of septic shock. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 312, 1187–1194. doi:10.1124/jpet.104.077107
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang, J. S., Yoon, Y. D., Han, M. H., Han, S. B., Lee, K., Lee, K. H., … Kim, H. M. (2006). Glabridin suppresses intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in tumor necrosis factor-alpha-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells by blocking sphingosine kinase pathway: Implications of Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and nuclear factor-kappaB/Rel signaling pathways. Molecular Pharmacology, 69, 941–949. doi:10.1124/mol.105.017442
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang, M. R., Park, K. H., Oh, S. J., Yun, J., Lee, C. W., Lee, M. Y., … Kang, J. S. (2015). Cardiovascular protective effect of glabridin: Implications in LDL oxidation and inflammation. International Immunopharmacology, 29, 914–918. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2015.10.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karbach, S., Wenzel, P., Waisman, A., Munzel, T., & Daiber, A. (2014). eNOS uncoupling in cardiovascular diseases–The role of oxidative stress and inflammation. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 20, 3579–3594. doi:10.2174/13816128113196660748
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, J. Y., Kang, J. S., Kim, H. M., Ryu, H. S., Kim, H. S., Lee, H. K., … Han, S. B. (2010). Inhibition of bone marrow-derived dendritic cell maturation by glabridin. International Immunopharmacology, 10, 1185–1193. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2010.06.025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klasik-Ciszewska, S., Kaczmarczyk-Sedlak, I., & Wojnar, W. (2016). Effect of glabridin and glycyrrhizic acid on histomorphometric parameters of bones in ovariectomized rats. Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica, 73, 517–527.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, J. W., Choe, S. S., Jang, H., Kim, J., Jeong, H. W., Jo, H., … Kim, J. B. (2012). AMPK activation with glabridin ameliorates adiposity and lipid dysregulation in obesity. Journal of Lipid Research, 53, 1277–1286. doi:10.1194/jlr.M022897
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakamura, K., Oe, H., Kihara, H., Shimada, K., Fukuda, S., Watanabe, K., … Ito, H. (2014). DPP-4 inhibitor and alpha-glucosidase inhibitor equally improve endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes: EDGE study. Cardiovascular Diabetology, 13, 110. doi:10.1186/1475-2840-13-80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Rourke, M. F., Staessen, J. A., Vlachopoulos, C., Duprez, D., & Plante, G. E. (2002). Clinical applications of arterial stiffness; definitions and reference values. American Journal of Hypertension, 15, 426–444. doi:10.1016/s0895-7061(01)02319-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riccioni, G., Speranza, L., Pesce, M., Cusenza, S., D’Orazio, N., & Glade, M. J. (2012). Novel phytonutrient contributors to antioxidant protection against cardiovascular disease. Nutrition, 28, 605–610. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2011.11.028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenblat, M., Belinky, P., Vaya, J., Levy, R., Hayek, T., Coleman, R., … Aviram, M. (1999). Macrophage enrichment with the isoflavan glabridin inhibits NADPH oxidase-induced cell-mediated oxidation of low density lipoprotein. A possible role for protein kinase C. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 274, 13790–13799. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.20.13790
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudic, R. D., Shesely, E. G., Maeda, N., Smithies, O., Segal, S. S., & Sessa, W. C. (1998). Direct evidence for the importance of endothelium-derived nitric oxide in vascular remodeling. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 101, 731–736. doi:10.1172/JCI1699
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahebkar, A., Giua, R., Pedone, C., Ray, K. K., Vallejo-Vaz, A. J., & Costanzo, L. (2016). Fibrate therapy and flow-mediated dilation: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Pharmacological Research : the Official Journal of the Italian Pharmacological Society, 111, 163–179. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2016.06.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saitoh, T., Kinoshita, S., & Shibata, S. (1976). E New isofiavanand flavanone from licorice Roet. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 24, 752–754. doi:10.1248/cpb.24.752
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simmler, C., Pauli, G. F., & Chen, S. N. (2013). Phytochemistry and biological properties of glabridin. Fitoterapia, 90, 160–184. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2013.07.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toth, P. P., Potter, D., & MING, E. E. (2012). Prevalence of lipid abnormalities in the United States: The national health and nutrition examination survey 2003–2006. Journal of Clinical Lipidology, 6, 325–330. doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2012.05.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, F., Jin, Z., & Jin, J. (2013). Hypoglycemic effects of glabridin, a polyphenolic flavonoid from licorice, in an animal model of diabetes mellitus. Molecular Medicine Reports, 7, 1278–1282. doi:10.3892/mmr.2013.1330
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wycherley, T. P., Thompson, C. H., Buckley, J. D., Luscombe-Marsh, N. D., Noakes, M., Wittert, G. A., & Brinkworth, G. D. (2016). Long-term effects of weight loss with a very-low carbohydrate, low saturated fat diet on flow mediated dilatation in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomised controlled trial. Atherosclerosis, 252, 28–31. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.07.908
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yokota, T., Nishio, H., Kubota, Y., & Mizoguchi, M. (1998). The inhibitory effect of glabridin from licorice extracts on melanogenesis and inflammation. Pigment Cell Research / Sponsored by the European Society for Pigment Cell Research and the International Pigment Cell Society, 11, 355–361.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yu, X. Q., Xue, C. C., Zhou, Z. W., Li, C. G., Du, Y. M., Liang, J., & Zhou, S. F. (2008). In vitro and in vivo neuroprotective effect and mechanisms of glabridin, a major active isoflavan from Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice). Life Sciences, 82, 68–78. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2007.10.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar