Effect of soil fertility amendment, planting density and growing season on Chenopodium quinoa Willd (Quinoa) in Zimbabwe

References

• Bazile, D., Pulvento, C., Verniau, A., Al-Nusairi, M. S., Ba, D., Breidy, J., Hassan, L., Mohammed, M. I., Mambetov, O., Otambekova, M., Sepahvand, N. A., Shams, A., Souici, D., Miri, K., & Padulosi, S. (2016). Worldwide evaluations of Quinoa: Preliminary results from post international year of Quinoa FAO projects in nine countries. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7(8), Article 226. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.00850
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertero, H. D., King, R. W., & Hall, A. J. (1998). Photoperiod-sensitive development phases in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). Field Crops Research, 60(3), 231–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4290(98)00128-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisa, S., El-Samad, E. H., Hussin, S., Ali, E., Ebrahim, M., González Sanchez, J., Ordano, M., Erazzú, L., El-Bordeny, N., & Abdel-Ati, A. (2018). Quinoa in Egypt - Plant density effects on seed yield and nutritional quality in marginal regions. Middle East Journal of Applied Sciences, 8(02), 515–522. http://www.curreswed.com/mejas/me jas/2018/515-522 pdf
   Google Scholar
• Elizabeth, G.-B., & Da, D. R. (2016). Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd), from nutritional value to potential health benefits: An integrative review. Journal of Nutrition & Food Sciences, 6(3),152-168. doi: 10.4172/2155-9600.1000497
   Google Scholar
• Erley, G., Kruse, M., & Aufhammer, W. 2005. Yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency of the pseudocereals amaranth, Quinoa, and buckwheat under differing nitrogen fertilization. European Journal of Agronomy. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/223165628
   Google Scholar
• Fawy, H., Attia, M., & Hagab, R. (2017). Effect of nitrogen fertilization and organic acids on grains productivity and biochemical contents of Quinoa plant grown under soil conditions of Ras Sader-Sinai. Egyptian Journal of Desert Research, 67(1), 169–183. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejdr.2017.5851
   Google Scholar
• Hinojosa, L., González, J., Barrios-Masias, F., Fuentes, F., & Murphy, K. (2018). Quinoa abiotic stress responses: A review. Plants, 7(4), 106. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants7040106
   Google Scholar
• Hinojosa, L., Matanguihan, J., & Murphy, K. M. (2019). Effect of high temperature on pollen morphology, plant growth and seed yield in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 205(1), 33–45. https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.12302
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirich, A., Choukr-Allah, R., & Jacobsen, S. E. (2014). Deficit irrigation and organic compost improve growth and yield of quinoa and pea. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 200(5), 390–398. https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.12073
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IUSS Working Group WRB. 2015. World reference base for soil resources 2014, update 2015, International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps. World Soil Resources Reports No 106, FAO.
   Google Scholar
• Jacobsen, S. E., & Bach, A. P. (1998). The influence of temperature on seed germination rate in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd). Science and Technology, 26, 515–523.
   Google Scholar
• Jacobsen, S. E., & Mujica, A. (2003). The worldwide potential for Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). Food Reviews International, 19(1–2), 167–177. https://doi.org/10.1081/FRI-120018883
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobsen, S. E., Mujica, A., & Jensen, C. R. (2003). The resistance of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) to Adverse Abiotic Factors. Food Reviews International, 19(1–2), 99–109. https://doi.org/10.1081/FRI-120018872
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koyro, H. W., Lieth, H., & Eisa, S. (2008). Salt tolerance of Chenopodium quinoa willd, grains of the Andes: Influence of salinity on biomass production, yield, composition of reserves in the seeds, water and solute relations.STasks for vegetation sciences, 42(3), 133–145). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6720-4-13.
   Google Scholar
• Maliro, M., Guwela, V., Nyaika, J., & Murphy, K. M. (2017). Preliminary studies of the performance of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Genotypes under irrigated and rainfed conditions of central Malawi. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8, 227. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.00227
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martínez, E. A., Veas, E., Jorquera, C., San Martín, R., & Jara, P. (2009). Re-Introduction of quinoa into Arid Chile: Cultivation of two lowland races under extremely low irrigation. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 195(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037X.2008.00332.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maynard, D. G., Kalra, Y. P., & Crumbaugh, J. A. (2006). Nitrate and exchangeable ammonium nitrogen. In M. R. Carter et al (Ed.), Soil sampling and methods of analysis 2nd (pp. 71–80). Canadian Society of Soil Science.
   Google Scholar
• Miranda, M., Vega-Gálvez, A., Quispe-Fuentes, I., Rodríguez, M. J., Maureira, H., & Martínez, E. A. (2012). Nutritional aspects of six Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Ecotypes from three geographical areas of Chile. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 72(2), 175–181. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-58392012000200002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Navruz-Varli, S., & Sanlier, N. (2016). Nutritional and health benefits of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). Journal of Cereal Science, 69, 371–376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2016.05.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papastylianou, P., Kakabouki, I., Tsiplakou, E., Bilalis, D., Hela, D., Chachalis, D., Anogiatis, G., & Zervas, G. (2014). Effect of fertilization on yield and quality of biomass of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) and Green Amaranth (Amaranthus retroflexus L). Bulletin UASVM Horticulture, 71(2), 288–292. doi: 10.15835//buasvmcn-hort: 10411
   Google Scholar
• Parwada, C., & Van Tol, J. (2018). Effects of litter source on the dynamics of particulate organic matter fractions and rates of macroaggregate turnover in different soil horizons. European Journal of Soil Science, 69(6), 1126–1136. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12726
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson, A., & Murphy, K. M. (2015). Tolerance of lowland quinoa cultivars to sodium chloride and sodium sulfate salinity. Crop Science, 55(1), 331–338. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2014.04.0271
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rashid, N., Basra, S. M. A., Shahbaz, M., Iqbal, S., & Hafeez, M. B. (2018). Foliar applied moringa leaf extract induces terminal heat tolerance in Quinoa. International Journal of Agricultural and Biologica, 20(1), 157‒164. doi: 10.17957/IJAB/15: 0469
   Google Scholar
• Schoenau, J. J., & O’Halloran, I. P. (2006). Sodium bicarbonate-extractable phosphorus. In M. R. Carter & Gregorich, E.R (Ed.), Soil sampling and methods of analysis 2nd (pp. 89–95). Canadian Society of Soil Science.
   Google Scholar
• Siavoshi, M., Nasiri, A., & Lawre, S. (2010). Effect of organic fertilizer on growth and yield components in rice (Oryza sativa L.). The Journal of Agricultural Science, 3, 15-28. doi: 10.5539/jas.v3n3p217
   Google Scholar
• Sief, A., El-Deepah, H., Kamel, A., & Ibrahim, J. (2015). Effect of various inter and intra spaces on the yield and quality of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd). Journal of Plant Production, 6(3), 371–383. https://doi.org/10.21608/jpp.2015.49331
   Google Scholar
• Spehar, C. R., & Santos, R. L. B. (2005). Agronomic performance of quinoa selected in the Brazilian Savannah. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 40(6), 609–612. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-204X2005000600012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walters, H., Carpenter-Boggs, L., Desta, K., Yan, L., Matanguihan, G. J., & Murphy, K. M. (2016). Effect of irrigation, intercrop and cultivar on agronomic and nutritional characteristics of quinoa. Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 40(8), 783–803. https://doi.org/10.1080/21683565.2016.1177805
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar