An assessment on the impact of agricultural spending types on agricultural growth: A case for Zambia, Malawi, South Africa

References

• Ahmad, N. (2013). The role of budget deficit in the economic growth of Pakistan. Global Journal of Management and Business Research Economics and Commerce, 13(1), 1–5. https://journalofbusiness.org/index.php/GJMBR/article/view/1028
   Google Scholar
• Ahmad, N., Joyia, U. T. S., & Luqman, M. (2012). Exports and economic growth in Pakistan: Evidence from ordinary least squares and Granger causality tests. Asian Journal of Research in Business Economics and Management, 2(9), 61–18. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/id/eprint/49395
   Google Scholar
• Alene, A. D., & Coulibaly, O. (2009). The impact of agricultural research on productivity and poverty in sub-Saharan Africa. Food Policy, 34(2), 198–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2008.10.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali, S., Naz, A., & Yaqub, R. M. S. (2015). Impact of FDI and trade balance on economic growth during 1990-2014, a case study of Pakistan. Historical Research Letter, 25(4), 25–29. ISSN 2225-0964. https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/HRL/article/view/26373
   Google Scholar
• Alston, J. M., & James, J. S. (2002). Chapter 33 the incidence of agricultural policy. In B. L. Gardner & G. C. Rausser (Eds.), Handbook of agricultural economics (Vol. 2, pp. 1689–1749). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1574-0072(02)10020-X
   Google Scholar
• Antonakis, J., Bendahan, S., Jacquart, P., & Lalive, R. (2014). Causality and endogeneity: Problems and solutions. In The oxford handbook of leadership and organizations (pp. 93–117). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199755615.013.007
   Google Scholar
• Armas, E. B., Osorio, C. G., Dodson, B. M., & Abriningrum, D. E. (2012). Agriculture public spending and growth in Indonesia. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 5977.
   Google Scholar
• Asare, R., & Essegbey, G. O. (2016). Funding of agricultural research and development in Ghana: The case of Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR). Technology and Investment, 7(2), 40. https://doi.org/10.4236/ti.2016.73008
   Google Scholar
• Aschauer, D. A. (1989). Is public investment productive? Journal of Monetary Economics, 23(2), 177–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3932(89)90047-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babb, S., & Kentikelenis, A. (2021). Markets everywhere: The Washington consensus and the sociology of global institutional change. Annual Review of Sociology, 47(1), 521–541. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-090220-025543
   Google Scholar
• Bahta, Y. T., Willemse, B. J., & Grove, B. (2014). The role of agriculture in welfare, income distribution and economic development of the free State province of South Africa: A CGE approach. Agrekon, 53(1), 47–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/03031853.2014.887905
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balassa, B. (1978). Exports and economic growth: Further evidence. Journal of Development Economics, 5(2), 181–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3878(78)90006-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barder, O. (2012). Development and complexity. Presentation and podcast made at CGD. Available online: http://www.cgdev.org/doc/CGDPresentations/complexity/player.html.
   Google Scholar
• Barro, R. (1990). Government spending in a simple endogenous growth model. Journal of Political Economy, 98(5), 103–125. https://doi.org/10.1086/261726
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baumol, J. W., & Blinder, A. S. (2011). Economics: Principles and policy (12th ed.). Mason-USA.
   Google Scholar
• Bellemare, M. F., Masaki, T., & Pepinsky, T. B. (2015). Lagged explanatory variables and the estimation of causal effects. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2568724.
   Google Scholar
• Benin, S. (2018). From Maputo to Malabo: How has CAADP fared? ReSAKSS Working Paper 40, International Food Policy Research Institute,
   Google Scholar
• Benin, S., Mogues, T., Cudjoe, G., & Randriamamonjy, J. (2009). Public expenditures and agricultural productivity growth in Ghana. International Association of Agricultural Economists, Conference, Beijing, China, August 2009, pp. 16–22.
   Google Scholar
• Blavasciunaite, D., Garsviene, L., & Matuzeviciute, K. (2020). Trade balance effects on economic growth: Evidence from European Union Countries. Economies, 8(3), 54. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies8030054
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calderón, C., & Servén, L. (2004). The effects of infrastructure development on growth and income distribution. World Bank Policy Research Paper, WPS 3400. World Bank,
   Google Scholar
• Cervantes-Godoy, D., & Dewbre, J. (2010). Economic Importance of Agriculture for Poverty Reduction. OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers 23, OECD Publishing, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1787/5kmmv9s20944-en
   Google Scholar
• Chauke, P. K., Manyise, T., Francis, A., Pfumayaramba, P. K., Raidimi, E. N., & Maiwanashe, A. (2015). Comparative impact of public expenditure on agricultural growth: Error correction model for SA and Zimbabwe. Journal of Human Ecology, 50(3), 245–251. https://doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2015.11906880
   Google Scholar
• Chiawa, M. A., Torruam, J. T., & Abur, C. C. (2012). Co-integration and causality analysis of government expenditure and economic growth in Nigeria. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 1(8), 165–174. http://www.ijstr.org/final-print/sep2012/Cointegration-And-Causality-Analysis-of-Government-Expenditure-And-Economic-Growth-In-Nigeria.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Chipaumire, G., Ngirande, H., Mangena, M., & Ruswa, Y. (2014). The impact of government spending on economic growth: Case South Africa. Mediterranean Journal of Social Science, 5(1), 109–118. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n1p109
   Google Scholar
• Del Regil, A. (2021). Keynesian economics and the welfare state. Revista Internacional de Salarios Dignos, 3(1), 86–115. https://repositorio.lasalle.mx/handle/lasalle/2582
   Google Scholar
• Devarajan, S., Swaroop, V., & Zou, H. (1996). The composition of public expenditure and economic growth. Journal of Monetary Economics, 37(2), 313–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3932(96)01249-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Domar, E. D. (1946). Capital expansion, rate of growth, and employment. Econometrica, 14(2), 137–147. Accessed on November 2016 Available online http://www.jstor.org/stable/1905364
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durlauf, S. N., Kourtellos, A., & Minkin, A. (2000). The local solow growth model. European Economic Review, 45(4), 928–940. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2921(01)00120-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edeme, R. K., Nkalu, N. C., Idenyi, J. C., & Arazu, W. O. (2020). Infrastructural development, sustainable agricultural output and employment in ECOWAS countries. Sustainable Futures, 2, 100010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sftr.2020.100010
   Google Scholar
• Fan, S., & Saurkar, A. (2006). Public spending in developing countries: Trends determination and impact. Working Paper, IFPRI.
   Google Scholar
• FAO. (2018). Ending extreme poverty in rural areas. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Available at. http://www.fao.org/3/CA1908EN/ca1908en.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Galbraith, J. K. (2009). The great crash 1929. Mifflin Harcourt: Houghton.
   Google Scholar
• Gemmell, N., Kneller, R., & Sanz, I. (2012). Does the composition of government expenditure matter for economic growth? Retrieved April 20, 2015. Available online: http://www.victoria.ac.nz/sacl/about/cpf/research/pdfs-research/1GKSOECDPubExp-and-Growth.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Harrod, R. F. (1939). An essay on dynamic theory. The Economic Journal, 49(193), 14–33. Available online http://www.jstor.org/stable/2225181
   Google Scholar
• Hemming, D. J., Chirwa, E. W., Dorward, A., Ruffhead, H. J., Hill, R., Osborn, J., & Phillips, D. (2018). Agricultural input subsidies for improving productivity, farm income, consumer welfare and wider growth in low‐and lower‐middle‐income countries: A systematic review. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 14(1), 1–153. https://doi.org/10.4073/csr.2018.4
   Google Scholar
• Hoover, K. D. (2006). Causality in economics and econometrics (2nd ed.). Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• IFPRI (International Food Policy Research Institute). (2013). Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI) database. https://www.asti.cgiar.org/data/.
   Google Scholar
• ITC. (2015). International trade centre calculations based on UN COMTRADE statistics. Retrieved August 4, 2014. Available online: http://www.trademap.org.
   Google Scholar
• Javdani, M. (2012). Malawi’s agricultural input subsidy: Study of a green revolution-style strategy for food security. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 10(2), 150–163. https://doi.org/10.1080/14735903.2012.675731
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jayne, T. S., & Rashid, S. (2013). Input subsidy programs in Sub-Saharan Africa: A synthesis of recent evidence. International Association of Agricultural Economists, 44(6), 547–562. https://doi.org/10.1111/agec.12073
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johansen, S. (1988). Statistical analysis and co-integrating vectors. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 12(2–3), 231–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1889(88)90041-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly, T. (1997). Public expenditures and growth. The Journal of Development Studies, 34(1), 60–84. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220389708422503
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keynes, J. M. (1936). General theory of employment, interest and money. Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Khan, M. S., & Reinhart, C. M. (1989). Private investment and economic growth in developing countries. International Monetary Fund, Research Department.
   Google Scholar
• Kimenyi, M. S., Routman, B., & Westbury, A. (2012). CAADP at 10: Progress toward agricultural prosperity. Policy Paper, Africa Growth Initiative at Brookings.
   Google Scholar
• Llanto, G. M. (2012). The impact of infrastructure on agricultural productivity. PIDS Discussion Paper Series, No. 2012-12. Philippine Institute of Development Studies,
   Google Scholar
• Mallick, H. (2008). Government spending, trade openness and economic growth in India: A time series analysis. eSocialSciences Working Paper, 1809.
   Google Scholar
• Mason, N. M., Jayne, T. S., & Mofya-Mukuka, R. (2013). Zambia’s input subsidy programs. Agricultural Economics, 44(6), 613–628. https://doi.org/10.1111/agec.12077
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mason, N. M., Wineman, A., & Tembo, S. T. (2020). Reducing poverty by ‘ignoring the experts’? Evidence on input subsidies in Zambia. Food Security, 12(5), 1157–1172. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-020-01032-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mncina, S. D., & Agholor, A. I. (2021). Comprehensive agricultural support programme as the prime mover of agricultural development agenda in South Africa. South African Journal of Agricultural Extension, 49(1), 122–140. https://doi.org/10.17159/2413-3221/2021/v49n1a10782
   Google Scholar
• Moyo, C., & Garidzirai, R. (2022). Trade balance and economic growth: Evidence from African countries. International Journal of Trade and Global Markets, 15(4), 497–515. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTGM.2022.125935
   Google Scholar
• Mwabutwa, C., & Pauw, K. (2017). Tracking agricultural spending when government structures and accounting systems change: The case of Malawi. African Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 12(2), 111–124. http://www.afjare.org/resources/issues/vol_12_no2/2.%20Mwabutwa%20Pauw.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Naim, M. (2000). Washington consensus or Washington confusion? Foreign Policy, 118(118), 86–103. https://doi.org/10.2307/1149672
   Google Scholar
• Nomaler, Ö., Spinola, D., & Verspagen, B. (2021). R&D-based economic growth in a super multiplier model. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 59, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strueco.2021.07.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OECD. (2014). Government support for agriculture”, in OECD factbook 2014: Economic, environmental and social statistics, OECD Publishing. Accessed March 2015. Available online: https://doi.org/10.1787/factbook-2014-92-en.
   Google Scholar
• OECD. (2022). Subsidies, competition and trade, OECD competition policy roundtable background note. http://www.oecd.org/daf/competition/subsidies-competition-and-trade-2022.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Ouru, L. W., Kibet, L., Kalio, A., & Mose, N. (2018). Effect of research and development on agricultural sector growth in the East African community. Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics, 10(2), 45–54. https://doi.org/10.5897/JDAE2017.0873
   Google Scholar
• Pelsa, I., & Balina, S. Development of economic theory–from theories of economic growth and economic development to the paradigm of sustainable development. (2022). DIEM: Dubrovnik International Economic Meeting, 7(1), 91–101. Sveučilište u Dubrovniku. https://doi.org/10.17818/DIEM/2022/1.10
   Google Scholar
• Phetsavong, K., & Ichihashi, M. (2012). The impact of public and private investment on economic growth: Evidence from developing Asian countries. IDEC Discussion paper, Hiroshima University.
   Google Scholar
• Pindyck, R. S., & Rubinfeld, D. L. (2013). Microeconomics (8th ed.). Pearson Education, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Romer, P. M. (1990). Are non-convexities important for understanding growth. The American Economic Review, 80(2), 97–103. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2006550
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saad, W., & Kalkechi, K. (2009). The nature of government expenditure and its impact on sustainable economic growth. Middle Eastern Finance and Economics, 1(4), 39–45. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Wadad-Saad/publication/255634788_The_Nature_of_Government_Expenditure_and_its_Impact_on_Sustainable_Economic_Growth/links/55bc68e908aec0e5f4419aba/The-Nature-of-Government-Expenditure-and-its-Impact-on-Sustainable-Economic-Growth.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Salih, M. A. R. (2012). The relationship between economic growth and government expenditure: Evidence from Sudan. International Business Research, 5(8), 40–46. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v5n8p40
   Google Scholar
• Sato, R. (1963). Fiscal policy in a neo-classical growth model: An analysis of time required for equilibrating adjustment. The Review of Economic Studies, 30(1), 16–23. https://doi.org/10.2307/2296026
   Google Scholar
• Say, J. B. (1971). A treatise on political economy or the production, distribution and consumption of wealth (first ed.). 1803. A.M. Kelley Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Schultz, T. (1979). The economics of being poor. Journal of Political Economy, 88(4), 639–651. https://doi.org/10.1086/260895
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seck, P. A., Agboh-Noameshie, A., Diagne, A., & Bamba, I. (2013). Repackaging Agricultural research for greater impact on agricultural growth in Africa. Journal of Food Security, 1(2), 30–41. https://doi.org/10.12691/jfs-1-2-4
   Google Scholar
• Shrestha, P. K. (2009). The composition of public expenditure, physical infrastructure and economic growth in Nepal. Economic Review, 21, 79–95. https://doi.org/10.3126/nrber.v21i1.52806
   Google Scholar
• Sie, S. J., Kueh, J., Abdullah, M. A., & Mohamad, A. A. (2021). Impact of public spending on private investment in Malaysia: Crowding-in or crowding-out effect. Global Business & Management Research, 13(2), 28–42. https://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/35423/ .
   Google Scholar
• Silwal, R. (2008). The causes of trade deficit of Nepal. An unpublished masters of arts thesis. Institute of Social Studies, Available online: https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/6726/Rajan%20Silwal%20ECD.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, A. (1976). An inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations, (R.H. Campbell, A.S. Skinner & W.B. Todd, Eds.). Clarendon Press.first publication 1776. https://doi.org/10.1093/oseo/instance.00043218
   Google Scholar
• Solow, R. M. (1956). A contribution to the theory of economic growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70(1), 65–94. https://doi.org/10.2307/1884513
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soyeju, O. (2015). Making a case for a development-driven approach to law as a linchpin for the post-2015 development Agenda. Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal, 18(2), 363–396. https://doi.org/10.4314/pelj.v18i2.10
   Google Scholar
• Spence, M. (2021). Some thoughts on the Washington consensus and subsequent global development experience. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 35(3), 67–82. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.35.3.67
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stads, G. J., & Beintema, N. Agricultural R&D expenditure in Africa: Analysis of growth and volatility. (2015). European Journal of Development Research, 27(3), 391–406. Available online. https://doi.org/10.1057/ejdr.2015.25
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steven, K. (Ed.). (2003). Two hundred years of say’s law: Essays on economic theory’s most controversial principle. Edward Elgar.
   Google Scholar
• Summer, D. A. (2008). Agricultural subsidy programs the concise encyclopedia of economics. Library of economics and liberty. Retrieved September 7, 2015. Available online: http://www.ecolib.org/library/Enc/AgriculturalSubsidyPrograms.html.
   Google Scholar
• Sunkanmi, O. A., & Abayomi, O. O. (2014). Testing public expenditure and poverty reduction nexus in Nigeria. Development Country Studies, 4(6), 116–122. https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/DCS/article/view/11790
   Google Scholar
• Terlau, W., Hirsch, D., & Blanke, M. (2019). Smallholder farmers as a backbone for the implementation of the sustainable development goals. Sustainable Development, 27(3), 523–529. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.1907
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Todaro, M. P., & Smith, S. T. (2012). Economic development (11th ed.). Pearson.
   Google Scholar
• Torruam, J., Chiawa, M., & Abur, C. (2014). Co-integration analysis of public expenditure on tertiary education and economic growth in Nigeria. Journal of Applied Statistics, 5(2), 137–146. https://dc.cbn.gov.ng/jas/vol5/iss2/7/
   Google Scholar
• Udoh, E. (2011). An examination of public expenditure, private investment and agricultural sector growth in Nigeria: Bounds testing approach. International Journal of Business & Social Science, 2(13), 285–291. https://ijbssnet.com/journals/Vol._2_No._13_Special_Issue_July_2011/34.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Van De Walle, D. (1998). Assessing the welfare impact of public spending. World Development, 26(3), 365–379. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(97)10064-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weißhuhn, P., Helming, K., & Ferretti, J. (2018). Research impact assessment in agriculture. A review of approaches and impact areas. Research Evaluation, 27(1), 36–42. https://doi.org/10.1093/reseval/rvx034
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wheelock, D. C. (2008). The federal response to home mortgage distress: Lessons from the great depression. Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis Review, 90(3), 133–148. https://doi.org/10.20955/r.90.133-148
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williamson, J. (2004). The strange history of the Washington consensus. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 27(2), 195–206. https://doi.org/10.1080/01603477.2004.11051438
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wooldridge, J. M. (2012). Introductory econometrics. A modern approach (5th ed.). South-Western Cengage Learning.
   Google Scholar
• World Bank. (2015a). World development indicators, Washington D.C. 2015 data: PPP (constant 2005 international $). http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/PA.NUS.PPP
   Google Scholar
• Wu, Q., Guan, X., Zhang, J., & Xu, Y. (2019). The role of rural infrastructure in reducing production costs and promoting resource-conserving agriculture. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(18), 3493. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183493
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xin, X., Wu, H., & Shan, T. (2022). Rural infrastructure and poverty in China. PLos One, 17(6), e0266528. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266528
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar