Determinants of dietary diversity for women of reproductive age (WRA) and under-five children from small-holder farming households in Lesotho

References

• Abdullah, Zhou, D., Shah, T., Ali, S., Ahmad, W., Din, I. U., & Ilyas, A. (2019). Factors affecting household food security in rural northern hinterland of Pakistan. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 18(2), 201–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2017.05.003
   Google Scholar
• Aboagye, R. G., Seidu, A., Ahinkorah, B. O., Arthur-Holmes, F., Cadri, A., Dadzie, L. K., Hagan, J. E., & Eyawo, O. (2021). Months in Sub-Saharan Africa. Nutrients, 13(3431), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13103431
   Google Scholar
• Adubra, L., Savy, M., Fortin, S., Kameli, Y., Kodjo, N. E., Fainke, K., Mahamadou, T., Le Port, A., & Martin-Prevel, Y. (2019). The Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women of reproductive age (MDD-W) indicator is related to household food insecurity and farm production diversity: Evidence from rural Mali. Current Developments in Nutrition, 3(3), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzz002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellows, A. L., Canavan, C. R., Blakstad, M. M., Mosha, D., A, N. R., Webb, P., Kinabo, J., Masanja, H., & Fawzi, W. (2017). The relationship between dietary diversity among women of reproductive age and agricultural diversity in rural Tanzania Alexandra. Physiology & Behavior, 176(3), 139–148. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2016.08.014.CagY
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bureau of Statistics (BOS). (2016). Country report. https://www.bos.gov.ls/Publications.htm
   Google Scholar
• Carletto, C., Corral, P., & Guelfi, A. (2017). Agricultural commercialization and nutrition revisited: Empirical evidence from three African countries. Food Policy, 67, 106–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2016.09.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chakona, G., & Shackleton, C. Minimum dietary diversity scores for women indicate micronutrient adequacy and food insecurity status in South African Towns. (2017). Nutrients, 9(8), 812. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9080812
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christian, A. K., & Dake, F. A. A. (2022). Profiling household double and triple burden of malnutrition in sub-Saharan Africa: Prevalence and influencing household factors. Public Health Nutrition, 25(6), 1563–1576. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980021001750
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuevas Garciá-Dorado, S., Cornselsen, L., Smith, R., & Walls, H. (2019). Economic globalization, nutrition and health: A review of quantitative evidence. Globalization and Health, 15(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-019-0456-z
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Custodio, E., Kayikatire, F., Fortin, S., Thomas, A. C., Kameli, Y., Nkunzimana, T., Ndiaye, B., & Martin-Prevel, Y. (2020). Minimum dietary diversity among women of reproductive age in urban Burkina Faso. Maternal and Child Nutrition, 16(2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12897
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delil, R., Zinab, B., Mosa, H., Ahmed, R., & Hassen, H. (2021). Determinants of dietary diversity practice among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at Wachemo University Nigist Eleni Mohammed memorial referral hospital, Southern Ethiopia. PLoS One, 16(4 April), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250037
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desta, M., Akibu, M., Tadese, M., & Tesfaye, M. (2019). Dietary diversity and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Shashemane, Oromia, Central Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2019, 7–10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3916864
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Development Initiatives. (2021). Global nutrition report. https://globalnutritionreport.org/reports/2021-global-nutrition-report/
   Google Scholar
• Devereux, S., Béné, C., & Hoddinott, J. (2020). Conceptualising COVID-19’s impacts on household food security. Food Security, 12(4), 769–772. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-020-01085-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhuki, N. (2020). Global prevalence of malnutrition: Evidence from literature. Malnutrition, 32. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92006
   Google Scholar
• Dinku, A. M., Mekonnen, T. C., & Adilu, G. S. (2020). Child dietary diversity and food (in)security as a potential correlate of child anthropometric indices in the context of urban food system in the cases of north-central Ethiopia. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 39(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-020-00219-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drammeh, W., Hamid, N. A., & Rohana, A. J. (2019). Determinants of HH F-insecurity and its association with child malnutrition in Africa [Lit. Review].Pdf. Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science, 7(3), 610–623. https://doi.org/10.12944/CRNFSJ.7.3.02
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edris, M. M., Atnafu, N. T., & Abota, T. L. (2018). Determinants of dietary diversity score among children age between 6-23 months in Bench Maji Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 9(2), 10. https://doi.org/10.21767/2574-2817.100035
   Google Scholar
• FAO. (2018). Dietary assessment. Dietary Assessment: A Resource Guide to Method Selection and Application in Low Resource Settings. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003210368-2
   Google Scholar
• FAO. (2019). Contributing to agriculture, food security, nutrition and rural development. https://lesotho.un.org/sites/default/files/2020-02/FAOadvocacybrochure.pdf
   Google Scholar
• FAO, . (2021). Minimum dietary diversity for women. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb3434en
   Google Scholar
• Fongjong, L. (2022). The role of women’s nutrition literacy in food security: The case of Africa. Issue 572.
   Google Scholar
• Fox, A., Feng, W., & Asal, V. (2019). What is driving global obesity trends? Globalization or “modernization”? Globalization and Health, 15(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-019-0457-y
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• FSIN. (2022). Global report on food crises 2022. In May. https://www.fsinplatform.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/GRFC 2022 Final Report.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Galasso, E., & Wagstaff, A. (2019). The aggregate income losses from childhood stunting and the returns to a nutrition intervention aimed at reducing stunting. Economics and Human Biology, 34(August), 225–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2019.01.010
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gibson, M. (2016) The feeding of the nations redefining food security for the 21st century. First Edit CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b11576
   Google Scholar
• Gitagia, M. W., Ramkat, R. C., Mituki, D. M., Termote, C., Covic, N., & Cheserek, M. J. (2019). Determinants of dietary diversity among women of reproductive age in two different agro-ecological zones of Rongai sub-county, Nakuru, Kenya. Food and Nutrition Research, 63, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.29219/fnr.v63.1553
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gudeta, T. G., Terefe, A. B., Mengistu, G. T., Sori, S. A., & Chigusa, Y. (2022). Determinants of dietary diversity practice among pregnant women in the Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2021: Community-based cross-sectional study. Obstetrics and Gynecology International, 2022, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8086793
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herrera Cuenca, M., Proaño, G. V., Blankenship, J., Cano-Gutierrez, C., Chew, S. T. H., Fracassi, P., Keller, H., Venkatesh Mannar, M. G., Mastrilli, V., Milewska, M., & Steiber, A. (2020). Building global nutrition policies in health care: Insights for tackling malnutrition from the academy of nutrition and dietetics 2019 global nutrition research and policy forum. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 120(8), 1407–1416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2020.03.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IFAD, F. A. O., UNICEF, W. F. P., & WHO. (2022). The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World: Repurposing Food and Agricultural Policies to Make Healthy Diets More Affordable. https://www.fao.org/3/cc0639en/cc0639en.pdf
   Google Scholar
• James, P. T., Wrottesley, S. V., Lelijveld, N., Brennan, E., Fenn, B., Menezes, R., & Mates, E. (2022). Women’s Nutrition | A Summary of Evidence, Policy and Practice Including Adolescent and Maternal Life Stages Women’s Nutrition A Summary of Evidence, Policy and Practice Including Adolescent and Maternal Life Stages Acknowledgements Recommended Citation Issue January 2022. www.tnightdesign.com
   Google Scholar
• Keno, S., Bikila, H., Shibiru, T., & Etafa, W. (2021). Dietary diversity and associated factors among children aged 6 to 23 months in Chelia District, Ethiopia. BMC Pediatrics, 21(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-021-03040-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kheleli, R. M., Jing, Z., Mofolo, T. C., & Mwandiringana, E. (2021). Adaptation to climate change: Status, household strategies and challenges in Lesotho. International Journal of Scientific Advances, 2(3), 365–370. https://doi.org/10.51542/ijscia.v2i3.21
   Google Scholar
• Lencha, F., Zaza, Z., Digesa, L., & Ayana, T. (2022). Minimum dietary diversity and associated factors among children under the age of five attending public health facilities in Wolaita Soddo town, Southern Ethiopia, 2021: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14861-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, X., Yadav, R., & Siddique, K. H. M. (2020). Neglected and underutilized crop species: The key to improving dietary diversity and fighting hunger and malnutrition in Asia and the Pacific. Frontiers in Nutrition, 7(November), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.593711
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ma, K., Hidayat, S. I., Butula, N., Korzeniowska, M., Föste, M., Sinamo, K. N., Chodaczek, G., & Yang, B. (2022). Factors affecting the young generation reluctance to be farmer. Current Research in Food Science, 5(7), 1955–1964. https://doi.org/10.47191/jefms/v5-i7-13
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Makonnen, B., Venter, A., & Joubert, G. (2003). A randomized controlled study of the impact of dietary zinc supplementation in the management of children with protein-energy malnutrition in Lesotho. II: Special investigations. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 49(6), 353–360. https://doi.org/10.1093/tropej/49.6.353
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marinda, P. A., Genschick, S., Khayeka-Wandabwa, C., Kiwanuka-Lubinda, R., & Thilsted, S. H. (2018). Dietary diversity determinants and contribution of fish to maternal and underfive nutritional status in Zambia. PLoS ONE, 13(9), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melesse, M. B. (2021). The effect of women’s nutrition knowledge and empowerment on child nutrition outcomes in rural Ethiopia. Agricultural Economics (United Kingdom), 52(6), 883–899. https://doi.org/10.1111/agec.12668
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muroyiwa, B., & Linakane, T. T. (2021). Factors affecting food security of rural farmers in Lesotho: The case of Keyhole Gardeners in Leribe District. Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development, 59(1). https://doi.org/10.17306/j.jard.2021.01397
   Google Scholar
• Myatt, M., Khara, T., Schoenbuchner, S., Pietzsch, S., Dolan, C., Lelijveld, N., & Briend, A. (2018). Children who are both wasted and stunted are also underweight and have a high risk of death: A descriptive epidemiology of multiple anthropometric deficits using data from 51 countries. Archives of Public Health, 76(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-018-0277-1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nair, M. K., Augustine, L. F., & Konapur, A. (2016). Food-based interventions to modify diet quality and diversity to address multiple micronutrient deficiency. Frontiers in Public Health, 3(January), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2015.00277
   Google Scholar
• Ogutu, S. O., Gödecke, T., & Qaim, M. (2020). Agricultural commercialisation and nutrition in smallholder farm households. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 71(2), 534–555. https://doi.org/10.1111/1477-9552.12359
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oot, L., Sethuraman, K., Ross, J., & Diets, A. E. S. (2016). Effect of chronic malnutrition (stunting) on learning ability, a measure of human capital : A model in profiles for country-level advocacy. In Technical brief, food and nutrition technical assistance III project (Issue February). https://www.fantaproject.org/sites/default/files/resources/PROFILES-brief-stunting-learning-Feb2016.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Otekunrin, O. A., & Otekunrin, O. A. (2021a). Healthy and sustainable diets: Implications for achieving SDG2. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69626-3_123-1
   Google Scholar
• Otekunrin, O. A., Otekunrin, O. A., Ayinde, I. A., Sanusi, R. A., Onabanjo, O. O., & Ariyo, O. (2022). Dietary diversity, environment and health-related factors of under-five children: Evidence from cassava commercialization households in rural South-West Nigeria. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(13), 19432–19446. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17221-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rakotonirainy, N. H., Razafindratovo, V., Remonja, C. R., Rasoloarijaona, R., Piola, P., Raharintsoa, C., Randremanana, R. V., & Chen, W. (2018). Dietary diversity of 6- to 59-month-old children in rural areas of Moramanga and Morondava districts, Madagascar. PLoS ONE, 13(7), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200235
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ranneileng, M. (2013). Impact of a nutrition education intervention on nutritional status and nutrition‐ related knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practices of Basotho women in urban and rural areas in Lesotho. University of the Free State. https://scholar.ufs.ac.za/handle/11660/1796.
   Google Scholar
• Ranneileng, M., Nel, M., & Walsh, C. M. (2023). Impact of a nutrition education intervention on nutrition-related self-efficacy and locus of control among women in Lesotho. Frontiers in Public Health, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1060119
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rantšo, T. A., Seboka, M., & Yildiz, F. (2019). Agriculture and food security in Lesotho: Government sponsored block farming programme in the Berea, Leribe and Maseru Districts. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 5(1), 1657300. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2019.1657300
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothman, M., Ranneileng, M., Nel, R., & Walsh, C. (2019). Nutritional status and food intake of women residing in rural and urban areas of Lesotho. South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 32(1), 21–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2017.1415783
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schönfeldt, H. C., Pretorius, B., & Hall, N. (2017). Nutrition-sensitive agricultural development for food security in Africa: A case study of South Africa. International Development, 32(1), 137–144. https://doi.org/10.5772/67110
   Google Scholar
• Sekartaji, R., Suza, D. E., Fauziningtyas, R., Almutairi, W. M., Susanti, I. A., Astutik, E., & Efendi, F. (2021). Dietary diversity and associated factors among children aged 6–23 months in Indonesia. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 56, 30–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2020.10.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Setyawan, F. E. B., & Lestari, R. (2021). Holistic-comprehensive approaches to improve nutritional status of children under five years. Journal of Public Health Research, 10(2), 257–262. https://doi.org/10.4081/jphr.2021.2183
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaifuddin, S. N. M., Azmi, A., Ghazali, S. N. F. M., & Shahid, N. S. M. (2022). Food accessibility and movement control order: Analyzing impact of first lockdown on access to food. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 18(8), 176–182. https://doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs18.8.24
   Google Scholar
• Sharma, I. K., DiPrima, S., Essink, D., & Broerse, J. E. W. (2021). Nutrition-sensitive agriculture: A systematic review of impact pathways to nutrition outcomes. Advances in Nutrition, 12(1), 251–275. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmaa103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sisay, B. G., Afework, T., Jima, B. R., Gebru, N. W., Zebene, A., & Hassen, H. Y. (2022). Dietary diversity and its determinants among children aged 6-23 months in Ethiopia: Evidence from the 2016 demographic and health survey. Journal of Nutritional Science, 11(6), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1017/jns.2022.87
   Google Scholar
• Sonandi, A. (2018). Determining the nutritional status of children from agribusiness families in the Easter Cape, South Africa. University of the Free State. https://scholar.ufs.ac.za/handle/11660/9245
   Google Scholar
• Tine, J. A. D., Niang, K., Faye, A., & Dia, A. T. (2018). Assessment of women’s dietary diversity in Southern Senegal. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 09(10), 1192–1205. https://doi.org/10.4236/fns.2018.910086
   Google Scholar
• UNDP. (2023). The sustainable development goals. https://www.undp.org/sustainable-development-goals
   Google Scholar
• Walsh, C. M., Fouché, M. S., Nel, M., & Booysen, F. (2020). The impact of a household food garden intervention on food security in Lesotho. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(22), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228625
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WFP. (2020). Lesotho annual country report 2020. https://docs.wfp.org/api/documents/WFP-0000125447/download/
   Google Scholar
• WFP. (2021). Conceptual framework on maternal and child nutrition. In Nutrition and child development section, Programme Group 3 United Nations Plaza . www.unicef.org/nutrition
   Google Scholar
• WFP. (2023). WFP Lesotho Country Brief Issue December 2015. https://reliefweb.int/report/lesotho/wfp-lesotho-country-brief-january-2023
   Google Scholar
• WFP, & UNICEF. (2019). Fill the nutrient gap Lesotho Issue August 2019. https://docs.wfp.org/api/documents/WFP-0000107436/download/?_ga=2.103366016.1211658258.1606732957-2124740740.1606732957
   Google Scholar
• Wijaya, O., Yogyakarta, U. M., Widodo, W., Yogyakarta, U. M., Rubiyanto, C., & Yogyakarta, U. M. (2020). Household dietary patterns in food insecurity areas. Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.18196/agr.6298
   Google Scholar
• World Bank. (2020). Lesotho: Overview. https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/lesotho
   Google Scholar
• Zezza, A., Carletto, C., Fiedler, J. L., Gennari, P., & Jolliffe, D. (2017). Food counts. Measuring food consumption and expenditures in Household Consumption and Expenditure Surveys (HCES). Introduction to the special issue. Food Policy, 72, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2017.08.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar