5,438
Views
12
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

The influence of tone at the top management level and internal audit quality on the effectiveness of risk management practices in the financial services sector

ORCID Icon, , , & | (Reviewing editor)
Article: 1704609 | Received 18 Sep 2019, Accepted 09 Dec 2019, Published online: 30 Dec 2019

References

  • Abdullatif, M., & Kawuq, S. (2015). The role of internal auditing in risk management: Evidence from banks in Jordan. Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, 31(1), 30–24. doi:10.1108/JEAS-08-2013-0025
  • Abu Hussain, H, & Al‐Ajmi, J. (2012). Risk management practices of conventional and islamic banks in bahrain. The Journal of Risk Finance, 13(3), 215–239.
  • Ahmad, U., Ibrahim, Y., & Minai, M. S. (2018). Malaysian public–private partnerships: Risk management in build, lease, maintain and transfer projects. Cogent Business & Management, 5(1), 1550147. doi:doi.10.1080/23311975.2018.1550147
  • Aiken, L.S, & West, S.G. (1991). Multiple regression: testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA:Sage.
  • Al-Twaijry, A. A, Brierley, J. A, & Gwilliam, D. R. (2003). The development of internal audit in saudi arabia: an institutional theory perspective. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 14(5), 507–531.
  • Arena, M., & Azzone, G. (2009). Identifying organizational drivers of internal audit effectiveness. International Journal of Auditing, 13(1), 43–60.
  • Badara, M. S, & Saidin, S. Z. (2013). The journey so far on internal audit effectiveness: a calling for expansion. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 3(3), 240–351. doi: 10.6007/IJARAFMS/v3-i3/225
  • Bananuka, J., Tumwebaze, Z., & Orobia, L. A. (2018). The adoption of integrated reporting: A developing country perspective. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting. doi:10.1108/JFRA-09-2017-0089
  • Bank of Uganda. (2017). Annual supervision report, Issue Number 8. Kampala: Author. Retrieved from https://islamicmarkets.com/publications/bank-of-uganda-annual-supervision-report-2017
  • Bank of Uganda. (2019, August 20). Bank of Uganda financial stability report June 2019, Issue number 11. Kampala: Author. Retrieved from https://www.bou.or.ug/bou/bouwebsite/bouwebsitecontent/FinancialStability/financial_stability/Rpts/All/Financial-Stability-Report-June-2019-final-2.pdf
  • Bartov, E, Gul, F.A, & Tsui, J.S.L. (2000). Discretionary-accruals models and audit qualifications. Journal Of Accounting and Economics, 30(3), 421–452.
  • Battaglia, F., Fiordelisi, F., & Ricci, O. (2016). Enterprise risk management and bank performance: Evidence from Eastern Europe during the financial crisis. In S. Boubaker, B. Buchanan, & D. K. Nguyen (Eds.), Risk Management in Emerging Markets: Issues, Framework, and Modeling (pp. 295–334). UK: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
  • Beasley, M. S., Clune, R., & Hermanson, D. R. (2005). Enterprise risk management: An empirical analysis of factors associated with the extent of implementation. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 24(6), 521–531. doi:10.1108/S1474-787120180000030002
  • Berger, V. W., & Zhang, J. (2005), Simple random sampling. Encyclopedia of Statistics in Behavioral Science.
  • Bezzina, F., Grima, S., & Mamo, J. (2014). Risk management practices adopted by financial firms in Malta. Managerial Finance, 40(6), 587–612. doi:10.1108/MF-08-2013-0209
  • Burnaby, P., & Hass, S. (2009). A summary of the global common body of knowledge 2006 (CBOK) study in internal auditing. Managerial Auditing Journal, 24(9), 813–834. doi:10.1108/02686900910994782
  • Carretta, A., Farina, V., & Schwizer, P. (2010). Assessing effectiveness and compliance of banking boards. Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, 18(4), 356–369. doi:10.1108/13581981011093677
  • Castanheira, N., Rodrigues, L. L., & Craig, R. (2009). Factors associated with the adoption of risk-based internal auditing. Managerial Auditing Journal, 25(1), 79–98. doi:10.1108/02686901011007315
  • Centenary Bank. (2017). Centenary bank, annual report 2017. Retrieved from http://www.centenarybank.co.ug/sites/default/files/2017%20Annual%20Report%20for%20w eb.pdf
  • Chambers, A. D., & Odar, M. (2015). A new vision for internal audit. Managerial Auditing Journal, 30(1), 34–55. doi:10.1108/MAJ-08-2014-1073
  • Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA). (2009). Fraud risk management: A guide to good practice. Retrieved from www.cimaglobal.com
  • Cheese, P. (2016). Managing risk and building resilient organisations in a riskier world. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance, 3(3), 323–331. doi:10.1108/JOEPP-07-2016-0044
  • Chornous, G., & Ursulenko, G. (2013). Risk management in banks: New approaches to risk assessment and information supporting. EKONOMIKA, 92(1), 1392–1258. doi:10.15388/Ekon.2013.0.1131
  • Coetzee, P, Fourie, H, & Burnaby, P.A. (2015). The growth of the internal audit profession is more than just numbers: fact or fiction?. Evidence from South Africa," Managerial Auditing Journal, 30(6/7), 514–538.
  • Coetzee, P. P. (2016). Contribution of internal auditing to risk management: Perceptions of public sector senior management. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 29(4), 348–364. doi:10.1108/IJPSM-12-2015-0215
  • Cohen, A, & Sayag, G. (2010). The effectiveness of internal auditing: an empirical examination of its determinants in israeli organizations. Australian Accounting Review, 54 (20), 296–307. doi: 10.1111/j.1835-2561.2010.00092.x
  • Cohen, J, Krishnamoorthy, G, & Wright, A. (2002). Corporate governance and the audit process. Contemporary Accounting Research, 19, 573–592.
  • Collier, B. L., Haughwout, A. F., Kunreuther, H. C., Michel-Kerjan, E. O., & Stewart, M. A. (2016). Firm age and size and the financial management of infrequent shocks. NBER working paper 22612. JEL classification: G32, G28, G22, D22, L25, Q54. Retrieved from http://opim.wharton.upenn.edu/risk/library/WP201609_Collier-etal_Firm-Age-and-Size Infrequent-Shocks.pdf
  • Consultative Group to Assist the Poor (CGAP). (2015). Fraud in Uganda: How millions were lost to internal collusion. Retrieved from http://www.cgap.org/blog/fraud
  • Deloitte. (2013a). Financial crime survey report 2013: Where is the exposure? Retrieved from http://Deloitte_Financial_Crimes_Survey_Report-2013.pdf
  • Deloitte. (2013b). Governance in focus: Effectiveness of the external audit process. A framework for assessing the effectiveness of the external audit process. Retrieved from https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/uk/Documents/audit/deloitte-uk-auditgovernance-in-focus-effectiveness-of-the-external-audit-sep2013.pdf
  • Dowling, G. (2006). Reputation risk: It is the board’s ultimate responsibility. Journal of Business Strategy, 27(2), 59–68. doi:10.1108/02756660610650055
  • Dresp-Langley, B. (2009). The communication contract and its ten ground clauses. Journal of Business Ethics, 87, 415–455. doi:10.1007/s10551-008-9929-3
  • Egbuji, A. (1999). Risk management of organisational records. Records Management Journal, 9(2), 93–116. doi:10.1108/EUM0000000007245
  • Elshandidy, T, & Neri, L. (2014). Corporate governance, risk disclosure practices, and market liquidity: Comparative evidence from the uk and italy. Corporate Governance: an International Review. doi:10.1111/corg.1209
  • Endaya, K.A, & Hanefah, M.M. (2013). Internal audit effectiveness: An approach proposition to develop the theoretical framework research. Journal of Finance and Accounting, 4(10), 92–102.
  • Eng, L. L., & Mak, Y. T. (2003). Corporate governance and voluntary disclosure. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 22(4), 325–345. doi:10.1016/S0278-4254(03)00037-1
  • Ernest, & Young. (2018, June 05). Global banking outlook 2018 Pivoting toward an innovation-led strategy. Retrieved from file:///D:/IA%20and%20RM/ey-global-banking-outlook-2018.pdf
  • Feizizadeh, A. (2012). Strengthening internal audit effectiveness. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 5(5), 2777–2778.
  • Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using spss (3rd ed.). London: Sage.
  • Fraser, I., & Henry, W. (2007). Embedding risk management: Structures and approaches. Managerial Auditing Journal, 22(4), 392–409. doi:10.1108/02686900710741955
  • Garson, G.D. (2012). Testing Statistical Assumptions, 2012 ed., Statistical Associates publishing.
  • Gatzert, N., & Schmit, J. (2016). Supporting strategic success through enterprise-wide reputation risk management. The Journal of Risk Finance, 17(1), 26–45. doi:10.1108/JRF-09-2015-0083
  • Goodwin, J. (2004). A comparison of internal audit in the private and public sectors. Managerial Auditing Journal, 19(5), 640–650.
  • Grasshoff, G., Pfuhler, T., Coppola, M., Mogul, Z., Villafranca, V., Gittfried, N., … Wiegand, C. (2018, June 11). Global risk 2018: Future-proofing the bank risk agenda. Retrieved from https://www.bcg.com/publications/2018/global-risk-2018-future-proofing-bank agenda.aspx
  • Gul, F. A., & Leung, S. (2004). Board leadership, outside directors’ expertise and voluntary corporate disclosures. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 23(5), 351–379. doi:10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2004.07.001
  • Gyensare, M., Arthur, R., Twumasi, E., & Agyapong, J.-A. (2019). Leader effectiveness – The missing link in the relationship between employee voice and engagement. Cogent Business & Management, 6(1), 1634910. doi:10.1080/23311975.2019.1634910
  • Hafizah, N., & Abidin, Z. (2016). Factors influencing the implementation of risk-based auditing. Asian Review of Accounting, 25 (3), 361–375.
  • Hassan, M. K. (2009). UAE corporations-specific characteristics and level of risk disclosure. Managerial Auditing Journal, 24(7), 668–687. doi:10.1108/02686900910975378
  • Ho, S. S. M., & Shun Wong, K. (2001). A study of the relationship between corporate governance structures and the extent of voluntary disclosure. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 10(2), 139–156. doi:10.1016/S1061-9518(01)00041-6
  • Horton, T. (2002). Tone at the top. Directors and Boards, 26(4), 8–13.
  • Huang, Y. (2004). Is symmetrical communication ethical and effective? Journal of Business Ethics, 53, 333–352. doi:10.1023/B:BUSI.0000043494.17425.c6
  • IIA. (2013a). The three lines of defense in effective risk management and control. Retrieved from www.globaliia.org.
  • IIA. (2014a). Managing the business risk of fraud: A practical guide. Retrieved from www.acfe.com/uploadedFiles/ACFE_Website/Content/documents/managing-businessrisk.pdf
  • IIA. (2014b). The institute of internal auditors; managing the business risk of fraud: A practical guide. Retrieved from www.theiia.org//fraud-white-paper/Fraud%20Exec%20Summary.pdf
  • IIA Uganda Chapter. (2015). The 10th national internal audit conference. Retrieved from www. newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1321504/institute-internal-auditors-uganda
  • Ismael, H. R., & Roberts, C. (2018). Factors affecting the voluntary use of internal audit: Evidence from the UK. Managerial Auditing Journal. doi:doi.10.1108/MAJ-08-2016-1425
  • Johari, R. J., Alam, M. M., & Said, J. (2018). Assessment of management commitment in Malaysian public sector. Cogent Business & Management, 5(1), 1469955. doi:10.1080/23311975.2018.1469955
  • Kabuye, F., Kato, J., Akugizibwe, I., & Bugambiro, N. (2019). Internal control systems, working capital management and financial performance of supermarkets. Cogent Business & Management, 6(1), 1573524. doi:10.1080/23311975.2019.1573524
  • Kabuye, F., Nkundabanyanga, S. K., Opiso, J., & Nakabuye, Z. (2017). Internal audit organisational status, competencies, activities and fraud management in the financial services sector. Managerial Auditing Journal, 32(9), 924–944. doi:10.1108/MAJ-09-2016-1452
  • Karagiorgos, T, Drogalas, G, & Giovanis, N. (2011). Evaluation of the effectiveness of internal audit in greek hotel business. International Journal Of Economic Sciences and Applied Research, 4(1), 19–34.
  • Khalid, S, & Amjad, S. (2012). Risk management practices in islamic banks of pakistan. Journal Of Risk Finance, 13(2), 148–159.
  • Kim, S. S. (2019). The role of knowledge and organizational support in explaining managers’ active risk management behavior. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 32(2), 345–363. doi:10.1108/JEIM-07-2018-0159
  • KPMG. (2015). East Africa insurance fraud risk survey 2015. Retrieved from http://isaca.or.ke/downloads/Embedding-Data-Analytics-in-Fraud-Auditing.pdf
  • Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities, educational and psychological measurement. London: Sage Publications.
  • Laviada, A. F. (2007). Internal audit function role in operational risk management. Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, 15(2), 143–155. doi:10.1108/13581980710744039
  • Law, P. (2011). Corporate governance and no fraud occurrence in organizations. Managerial Auditing Journal, 26(6), 501–518. doi:10.1108/02686901111142558
  • Levene, H. (1960). In Contributions to probability and statistics. (Ed.) Palo Alto. 278–292.
  • Little, A.J.R. (1988). A test of missing completely at random for multivariate data with missing values. Journal Of The American Statistical Association, 83(404), 1198–1202.
  • McEvily, B., & Marcus, A. (2005). Embedded ties and the acquisition of competitive capabilities. Strategic Management Journal, 26(11), 1033–1055. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1097-0266
  • Mihret, D. G, James, K, & Joseph, M. M. (2010). Antecedents and organizational performance implications of internal audit effectiveness: some propositions and research agenda. Pacific Accounting Review, 22(3), 224–252.
  • Mihret, D.G, & Yismaw, A.W. (2007). Internal audit effectiveness: an ethiopian public sector case study. Managerial Auditing Journal, 22(5), 470–484.
  • Nalukenge, I., Nkundabanyanga, S. K., & Ntayi, J. M. (2018). Corporate governance, ethics, internal controls and compliance with IFRS. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, 16(4), 764–786.
  • Nordin, N., & Hamid, M. A. (2013). Corporate risk management, firm characteristics, ownership structure, and governance attributes of banks: A case of Malaysia. Prosiding Perkem Viii, Jilid, 2(1), 655–660. ISSN: 2231-962X.
  • Norman, C, Rose, A, & Rose, J. (2010). Internal audit reporting lines. Fraud Risk Decomposition, and Assessments Of Fraud Risk, Accounting, Organizations and Society, 35(5), 546–557.
  • Parisi, F., Clements, S., & Cornejo, E. (2016). Risk management in a transition economy: The Chilean case. In S. Boubaker, B. Buchanan, & D. K. Nguyen (Eds.), Risk management in emerging markets (pp. 399–421).
  • PWC. (2017). Uganda Economic Outlook 2017. Retrieved from www.pwc.com/ug
  • Rooney, J., & Cuganesan, S. (2015). Leadership, governance and the mitigation of risk: A case study. Managerial Auditing Journal, 30(2), 132–159. doi:10.1108/MAJ-08-2014-1078
  • Rosman, R. (2009). Risk management practices and risk management processes of islamic banks: a proposed framework, International Review of Business Research Paper, 5 (1), 242–254.
  • Roussy, M., & Brivot, M. (2016). Internal audit quality: A polysemous notion? Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 29(5), 714–738. doi:10.1108/AAAJ-10-2014-1843
  • Safari, R., Shateri, M., Baghiabadi, H. S., & Hozhabrnejad, N. (2016). The significance of risk management for banks and other financial service firms. International Journal of Research Grant Haalayah, 4(4), 74–81.
  • Samaha, K., Dahawy, K., Hussainey, K., & Stapleton, P. (2012). The extent of corporate governance disclosure and its determinants in a developing market: The case of Egypt. Advances in Accounting, 28, 168–178. doi:10.1016/j.adiac.2011.12.001
  • Sarens, G., & De Beelde, I. (2006). Internal auditors’ perception about their role in risk management. A comparison between US and Belgian companies. Managerial Auditing Journal, 21(1), 63–80. doi:10.1108/02686900610634766
  • Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2012). Methods for business students. Harlow: Pearson Education Ltd.
  • Sheedy, E., & Lubojanski, M. (2018). Risk management behaviour in banking. Managerial Finance, 44(7), 902–918. doi:10.1108/MF-11-2017-0465
  • Sheehan, N. T. (2009). Making risk pay: The board’s role. Journal of Business Strategy, 30(1), 33–39. doi:10.1108/02756660910926957
  • Sherafatmand, H., & Yazdani, S. (2014). The management of price risk in Iranian dates: An application of futures instruments. Cogent Economics & Finance, 2(1), 946998. doi:10.1080/23322039.2014.946998
  • Soh, D.S.B, & Martinov-Bennie, N. (2011). The internal audit function: perceptions of internal audit roles, effectiveness, and evaluation. Managerial Auditing Journal, 26(7), 605–622.
  • Spira, L.F. & Page, M. (2003). Risk Management: The Reinvention of Internal Control and the Changing Role of Internal Audit. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 16, 640–661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09513570310492335.
  • Ssekiziyivu, B., Mwesigwa, R., Joseph, M., & Nkote Nabeta, I. (2017). Credit allocation, risk management and loan portfolio performance of MFIs – A case of Ugandan firms. Cogent Business & Management, 4(1), 1374921. doi:10.1080/23311975.2017.1374921
  • Stanbic Bank. (2017). Stanbic Bank, Annual Report 2017. Retrieved from https://www.stanbicbank.co.ug/standimg/Uganda/fileDownloads/UG_FinancialReport2017.pdf
  • Stewart, J, & Subramaniam, N. (2010). Internal audit independence and objectivity: emerging research opportunities. Managerial Auditing Journal, 25(4), 328–360.
  • Stewart, J. G., & Kent, P. (2006). The use of internal audit by Australian companies. Managerial Auditing Journal, 21(1), 81–101. doi:10.1108/02686900610634775
  • Subramaniam, N., McManus, L., & Zhang, J. (2009). Corporate governance, firm characteristics and risk management committee formation in Australian companies. Managerial Auditing Journal, 24(4), 316–339. doi:10.1108/02686900910948170
  • Tumwebaze, Z., Mukyala, V., Ssekiziyivu, B., Tirisa, C. B., & Tumwebonire, A. (2018). Corporate governance, internal audit function and accountability in statutory corporations. Cogent Business & Management, 5(1), 1527054. doi:10.1080/23311975.2018.1527054
  • Vinnari, E, & Skaerbaek, P. (2014). The uncertainties of risk management: a field study on risk management internal audit practices in a finnish municipality. accounting. Auditing & Accountability Journal, 27(3), 489–526.
  • Zwaan, L., Stewart, J., & Subramaniam, N. (2011). Internal audit involvement in enterprise risk management. Managerial Auditing Journal, 26(7), 586–604. doi:10.1108/02686901111151323