Collaborative governance outcomes and obstacles: Evidence from Portuguese armed forces

References

• Agranoff, R., & McGuire, M. (2003). Collaborative public management: New strategies for local governments. Georgetown University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Alford, J., & Hughes, O. (2008). Public value pragmatism as the next phase of public management. The American Review of Public Administration, 38(2), 130–20. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074008314203
   Google Scholar
• Ansell, C., & Gash, A. (2007). Collaborative governance in theory and practice. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 18(4), 543–571. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mum032
   Google Scholar
• Audit Office. (2017). Relatório n.^o 21/2017-2.^a Secção Processo n.^o 06/2016 – Audit. Execução da LPM em 2015. Tribunal de Contas.
   Google Scholar
• Boin, A., & Lodge, M. (2016). Designing resilient institutions for transboundary crisis management: A time for public administration. Public Administration, 94(2), 289–298. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12264
   Google Scholar
• Boone, H., & Boone, D. (2012). Analyzing likert data. Journal of Extension, 50(2), 1–5. https://joe.org/joe/2012april/tt2.php
   Google Scholar
• Brook, D. A., & Candreva, P. J. (2007). Business management reform in the Department of Defense in anticipation of declining budgets. Public Budgeting and Finance, 27(3), 50–70. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5850.2007.00882.x
   Google Scholar
• Bryson, J. M., Crosby, B. C., & Stone, M. M. (2006). The design and implementation of cross-sector collaborations: Propositions from the literature. Public Administration Review, 66(s1), 44–55. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2006.00665.x
   Google Scholar
• Bryson, J. M., Crosby, B. C., & Stone, M. M. (2015). Designing and implementing cross-sector collaborations: Needed and challenging. Public Administration Review, 75(5), 647–663. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12432
   Google Scholar
• Christensen, T., & Lægreid, P. (2020). Balancing governance capacity and legitimacy: How the Norwegian government handled the COVID‐19 crisis as a high performer. Public Administration Review, 80(5), 774–779. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13241
   Google Scholar
• Christensen, T., Laegreid, P., & Rykkja, L. H. (2016). Organizing for crisis management: Building governance capacity and legitimacy. Public Administration Review, 76(6), 887–897. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12558
   Google Scholar
• Christianson, J. A. (2016). The search for suitable strategy: Threat-based and capabilities-based strategies in a complex world. US Army Command and General Staff College.
   Google Scholar
• Colom, G. (2017). Una revisión del planeamiento de la defensa por capacidades en españa (2005-16). Papeles de Europa, 30(1), 47–68. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5209/PADE.56335
   Google Scholar
• Correia, J. (2019). Military capabilities and the strategic planning conundrum. Security and Defence Quarterly, 24(2), 21–50. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35467/sdq/108667
   Google Scholar
• Correia, R. A. C. P. L. (2017). Fatores de pressão externos e internos no planeamento orçamental da Força Aérea Portuguesa (Doctoral dissertation, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão).
   Google Scholar
• Da Costa, D. F. G. (2018). Fatores condicionantes do planeamento por capacidades militares e impacto na programação do investimento da força aérea portuguesa. ISEG | Lisbon School of Economics & Management, Lisboa.
   Google Scholar
• Davis, P. K. (2002). Analytic architecture for capabilities-based planning, mission-system analysis, and transformation. RAND NATIONAL DEFENSE RESEARCH INST SANTA MONICA CA.
   Google Scholar
• Davis, P. K., Gompert, D. C., Hillestad, R. J., & Johnson, S. (1998). Transforming the force. Suggestions for DoD strategy. RAND Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Delgado, C. M. V. (2017). O Impacto da Reforma «Defesa 2020» no Modelo de Financiamento das Forças Armadas. Instituto Universitário Militar.
   Google Scholar
• Denzau, A. T., & North, D. C. (2000). Shared mental models: Ideologies and institutions. In S. L. Lupia, A. McCubbins, M. D., & Popkin (Eds.), Elements of reason: Cognition, choice, and the bounds of rationality (pp. 23–46). Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Department of Defense. (2019). DoD Directive 7045.20: Capability portfolio management.
   Google Scholar
• Doughty, R., Wells II, L., & Hailes, T. (2015). Innovative Learning: A Key to National Security. The Army Press.
   Google Scholar
• Drechsler, W. (2011). Public administration in times of crisis. Public Administration in Times of Crisis, 15–25.
   Google Scholar
• Emerson, K., Nabatchi, T., & Balogh, S. (2012). An integrative framework for collaborative governance. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 22(1), 1–29. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mur011
   Google Scholar
• Emerson, K., Orr, P. J., Keyes, D. L., & Mcknight, K. M. (2009). Environmental conflict resolution: Evaluating performance outcomes and contributing factors. Conflict Resolution Quarterly, 27(1), 27–64. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/crq.247
   Google Scholar
• Entwistle, T., & Martin, S. (2005). From competition to collaboration in public service delivery: A new agenda for research. Public Administration, 83(1), 233–242. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0033-3298.2005.00446.x
   Google Scholar
• Escortell, R., Baquero, A., Delgado, B., & Wright, L. T. (2020). The impact of transformational leadership on the job satisfaction of internal employees and outsourced workers. Cogent Business and Management, 7(1), 1. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2020.1837460
   Google Scholar
• Farrell, D., & Goodman, A. (2013). Government by design : Four principles for a better public sector. McKinsey Company.
   Google Scholar
• Favinha, J. A. (2016). Estudo Prospetivo sobre as Capacidades de Projeção Militar. Instituto Universitário Militar, Lisboa.
   Google Scholar
• Fylan, F. (2005). Semi-structured interviewing. In J. Miles & P. Gilbert (Eds.), A handbook of research methods for clinical and health psychology (pp. 65–77). Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gaulė, E. (2014). Smart Public Governance: Concept and Dimensions. Public Policy And Administration, 13(3), 372–385. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.ppaa.13.3.8300
   Google Scholar
• General Staff Council. (2014). Military Strategic Concept.
   Google Scholar
• General Staff of Armed Forces. (2018). Diretiva Estratégica do Estado-Maior-General das Forças Armadas 2018-2021.
   Google Scholar
• Gliem, J. A., & Gliem, R. R. (2003). Calculating, interpreting, and reporting Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient for Likert-type scales. Midwest Research-to-Practice Conference in Adult, Continuing, and Community Education. (Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University)
   Google Scholar
• Hagan, G. (2009). Glossary of Defense Acquisition Acronyms & Terms (13th ed.). Defense Acquisition University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Håkenstad, M., & Larsen, K. K. (2012). Long-term defence planning: A comparative study of seven countries. Norwegian Institute for Defence Studies.
   Google Scholar
• Haveri, A. (2006). Complexity in local government change. Public Management Review, 8(1), 31–46. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14719030500518667
   Google Scholar
• Hood, C. (1991). A public management for all seasons? Public Administration, 69(1), 3–19. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9299.1991.tb00779.x
   Google Scholar
• Huxham, C., & Vangen, S. (2013). Managing to collaborate: The theory and practice of collaborative advantage. In Managing to collaborate: The theory and practice of collaborative advantage. Routledge. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203010167
   Google Scholar
• Huxham, C., Vangen, S., Huxham, C., & Eden, C. (2000). The challenge of collaborative governance. Public Management: An International Journal of Research and Theory, 2(3), 337–358. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14719030000000021
   Google Scholar
• Iacovino, N. M., Barsanti, S., & Cinquini, L. (2017). Public organizations between old public administration, new public management and public governance: The case of the Tuscany region. Public Organization Review, 17(1), 61–82. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-015-0327-x
   Google Scholar
• International Centre for Defence and Security (ICDS). (2008). The Risk of Threat-Based Planning. The International Centre for Defence and Security (ICDS), Estonia.
   Google Scholar
• Kickert, W. J. M., & Koppenjan, J. F. M. (1997). Public management and network management: An overview. In Managing complex networks: strategies for the public sector (pp. 35–61). SAGE Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781446217658.n3
   Google Scholar
• Klijn, E. H., & Koppenjan, J. (2016). Governance networks in the public sector. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Klijn, E.-H., Steijn, B., & Edelenbos, J. (2010). The impact of network management on outcomes in governance networks. Public Administration, 88(4), 1063–1082. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9299.2010.01826.x
   Google Scholar
• Kooiman, J., & Jentoft, S. (2009). Meta-governance: Values, norms and principles, and the making of hard choices. Public Administration, 87(4), 818–836. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9299.2009.01780.x
   Google Scholar
• Koppenjan, J., & Klijn, E.-H. (2004). Managing uncertainties in networks: A network approach to problem solving and decision making. Psychology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Larsson, O. L. (2017). Meta-governance and collaborative crisis management-competing rationalities in the management of the Swedish security communications system. Risk, Hazards & Crisis in Public Policy, 8(4), 312–334. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/rhc3.12120
   Google Scholar
• Leach, W. D., & Sabatier, P. A. (2005). To trust an adversary: Integrating rational and psychological models of collaborative policymaking. American Political Science Review, 99(4), 491–503. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S000305540505183X
   Google Scholar
• Leech, B. L. (2002). Asking questions: Techniques for semistructured interviews. PS, Political Science & Politics, 35(4), 665–668. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096502001129
   Google Scholar
• Lindsay, C., Osborne, S. P., & Bond, S. U. E. (2014). The ‘new public governance” and employability services in an era of crisis: Challenges for third sector organizations in Scotland’. Public Administration, 92(1), 192–207. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12051
   Google Scholar
• Lowndes, V., & Skelcher, C. (1998). The dynamics of multi-organizational partnerships: An analysis of changing modes of governance. Public Administration, 76(2), 313–333. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9299.00103
   Google Scholar
• Madeira, C. M. G. R. (2009). O Sistema de Planeamento de Forças Nacional. Implicações da Adopção do Modelo de Planeamento por Capacidades. Instituto de Estudos Superiores Militares, Lisboa.
   Google Scholar
• Martins, S. A. C. (2015). Custo de Manter uma Capacidade Versus o Custo da sua Reedificação. Instituto de Estudos Superiores Militares, Lisboa.
   Google Scholar
• Mata, J. A. D. (2013). O Modelo de Financiamento das Forças Armadas. Instituto de Altos Estudos Militares, Lisboa.
   Google Scholar
• McGuire, M. (2006). Collaborative public management: Assessing what we know and how we know it. Public Administration Review, 66(s1), 33–43. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2006.00664.x
   Google Scholar
• Meier, K. J., & O’Toole, L. J. (2003). Public management and educational performance: The impact of managerial networking. Public Administration Review, 63(6), 689–699. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-6210.00332
   Google Scholar
• Military Strategic Planning Division. (2020). Manual para o planeamento estratégico militar do Estado-Maior-General das Forças Armadas. Estado Maior General das Forças Armadas, Portugal.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of National Defense. (2020). Despacho n.o 2536/2020 — Diretiva ministerial de planeamento de defesa militar. Diário da República: II série, n.^o 38, 36-41.
   Google Scholar
• Osborne, S. P. (2006). The new public governance? Public Management Review, 8(3), 377–387. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14719030600853022
   Google Scholar
• Osborne, S. P., Radnor, Z., & Nasi, G. (2013). A new theory for public service management? Toward a (public) service-dominant approach. The American Review of Public Administration, 43(2), 135–158. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074012466935
   Google Scholar
• Parker, C. F., Nohrstedt, D., Baird, J., Hermansson, H., Rubin, O., & Baekkeskov, E. (2020). Collaborative crisis management: A plausibility probe of core assumptions. Policy and Society, 39(4), 510–529. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14494035.2020.1767337
   Google Scholar
• Parliament. (2015). Lei Orgânica N.o 7/2015, de 18 de maio - Military programming law. Diário da República, I série — N.^o 95, 2554-2558.
   Google Scholar
• Parliament. (2019). Lei Orgânica n.o 2/2019 de 17 de junho - Military Programming Law. Diário Da República: I Série, N.^o, 114, 2982–2985.
   Google Scholar
• Pedersen, K. H., & Johannsen, L. (2018). New public governance in the baltic states: Flexible administration and rule bending. Public Performance & Management Review, 41(3), 648–667. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/15309576.2018.1465828
   Google Scholar
• Peters, B. G., Pierre, J., & Randma-Liiv, T. (2011). Global financial crisis, public administration and governance: Do new problems require new solutions? Public Organization Review, 11(1), 13–27. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-010-0148-x
   Google Scholar
• Pires, N. L. (1999). Contributos para a definição de uma estratégia militar estrutural que potencie as operações conjuntas e combinadas. Instituto Universitário Militar, Lisboa.
   Google Scholar
• Provan, K. G., & Kenis, P. (2007). Modes of network governance: Structure, management, and effectiveness. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 18(2), 229–252. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mum015
   Google Scholar
• Provan, K. G., & Milward, H. B. (1995). A preliminary theory of interorganizational network effectiveness: A comparative study of four community mental health systems. Administrative Science Quarterly, 40(1), 1–33. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/2393698
   Google Scholar
• Quivy, R., & Campenhoudt, L. V. (2003). Manual de investigação em ciências sociais, Gradiva.
   Google Scholar
• Ribeiro, B. M. S. (2019). Planeamento ‘capabilities-based and threat-informed’. Instituto Universitário Militar, Lisboa.
   Google Scholar
• Rodrigues, A. R. (2015). O conceito de capacidades militares. Uma nova forma de planeamento de defesa. Jornal De Defesa E Relações Internacionais, Instituto Universitário Militar.
   Google Scholar
• Rumsfeld, D. H. (2001). Quadrennial Defense Review Report. Department of Defense.
   Google Scholar
• Scholl, H. J., & Scholl, M. C. (2014). Smart governance: A roadmap for research and practice. IConference 2014 Proceedings, 1, 163–176. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.9776/14060
   Google Scholar
• Šiugždinienė, J., Gaulė, E., & Rauleckas, R. (2017). In search of smart public governance: The case of Lithuania. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 85(3), 587–606. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852317707814
   Google Scholar
• Skelcher, C., Mathur, N., & Smith, M. (2005). The public governance of collaborative spaces: Discourse, design and democracy. Public Administration, 83(3), 573–596. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0033-3298.2005.00463.x
   Google Scholar
• Spiegeleire, S. (2011). Ten Trends in Capability Planning for Defence and Security, The RUSI Journal, 156(5), 20-28. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2011.626270
   Google Scholar
• Stojković, D., Kankaraš, M., & Mitić, V. (2016). Determination of defence capability requirements. Vojno Delo, 68(8), 76–88. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5937/vojdelo1608076S
   Google Scholar
• Strategic Concept for National Defence. (2013). Resolução do Conselho de Ministros n.º 19/2013, publicada no DR n.º 67, Série I, de 5 de abril.
   Google Scholar
• Tagarev, T. (2009). Capabilities-based planning for security sector transformation. Information & Security: An International Journal, 24, 27–35. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11610/isij.2404
   Google Scholar
• Tendeiro, R. (2017). Adequação da Dimensão da Estrutura das Forças Armadas às necessidades nacionais e compromissos internacionais. Lisboa: Instituto Universitário Militar
   Google Scholar
• The Presidency of the Council of Ministers. 2013a. Resolução do Conselho de Ministros 26/2013 – Linhas de orientação para a execução da reforma estrutural da Defesa Nacional e das Forças Armadas, designada por Reforma «Defesa 2020». Diário da República: I série, n.^o. Vol. 77, 2285–2289.
   Google Scholar
• The Presidency of the Council of Ministers. (2013b). Resolução do Conselho de Ministros n.o 19/2013 – Conceito estratégico de Defesa Nacional. Diário da República, 1.^a série — N.^o 67 — 5 de abril de 2013, 1981-1995.
   Google Scholar
• The Presidency of the Council of Ministers. (2019). Proposta de Lei n.^o 4/XIV - Grandes Opções do Plano 2020-2023.
   Google Scholar
• Tonelli, D. F., Sant’Anna, L., Barcelar Abbud, E., & Aparecida De Souza, S. (2018). Antecedents, process, and equity outcomes: A study about collaborative governance. Cogent Business and Management, 5(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2018.1469381
   Google Scholar
• Torfing, J., & Triantafillou, P. (2013). What’s in a name? Grasping new public governance as a political-administrative system. International Review of Public Administration, 18(2), 9–25. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/12294659.2013.10805250
   Google Scholar
• Walker, S. K. (2005). Capabilities-based planning – How it is intended to work and challenges to its successful implementation. Army War College Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania.
   Google Scholar
• Weare, C., Lichterman, P., & Esparza, N. (2014). Collaboration and culture: Organizational culture and the dynamics of collaborative policy networks. Policy Studies Journal, 42(4), 590–619. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/psj.12077
   Google Scholar
• Yin, R. K. (2016). Qualitative research from start to finish (2nd ed.). The Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Young, T. D. (2006). Capabilities-based defense planning: Techniques applicable to NATO and partnership for peace countries. Connections: The Quarterly Journal, 5(1), 35–54. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11610/Connections.05.1.04
   Google Scholar
• Young, T. D. (2019). What are governments in central and Eastern Europe not buying with their defence budgets? The readiness clue. The RUSI Journal, 164(2), 36–55. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2019.1621481
   Google Scholar
• Yue, Y., & Henshaw, M. (2009). An holistic view of UK military capability development. Defense and Security Analysis, 25(1), 53–67. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14751790902749900
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, F., Welch, E. W., & Miao, Q. (2018). Public organization adaptation to extreme events: Mediating role of risk perception. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 28(3), 371–387. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muy004
   Google Scholar