The cultural adjustment of self-initiated expatriate doctors working and living in Ireland

References

• Ali, I., Ali, M., Leal-Rodriguez, A. L., & Albort-Morant, G. (2019). The role of knowledge spillovers and cultural intelligence in enhancing expatriate employees’ individual and team creativity. Journal of Business Research, 101(1), 561–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.11.012
   Google Scholar
• Ang, F., & Tan, H. H. (2016). Trust building with Chinese host country nationals. Journal of Global Mobility, 4(1), 44–67. https://doi.org/10.1108/JGM-06-2015-0021
   Google Scholar
• Aycan, Z. (1997). Expatriate adjustment as a multifaceted phenomenon: Individual and organizational level predictors. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 8(4), 434–456. https://doi.org/10.1080/095851997341540
   Google Scholar
• Bhaskar-Shrinivas, P., Harrison, D. A., Shaffer, M. A., & Luk, D. M. (2004). What have we learned about expatriate adjustment?: Answers accumulated from 23 years of research. Academy of Management Proceedings, A1–A6.
   Google Scholar
• Bhaskar-Shrinivas, P., Harrison, D. A., Shaffer, M. A., & Luk, D. M. (2005). Input-based and time-based models of international adjustment: Meta-analytic evidence and theoretical extensions. The Academy of Management Journal, 48, 257–281. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20159655
   Google Scholar
• Bidwell, P., Humphries, N., Dicker, P., Thomas, S., Normand, C., & Brugha, R. (2013). The national and international implications of a decade of doctor migration in the Irish context. Health Policy, 110(1), 29–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2012.10.002
   Google Scholar
• Black, J. S. (1988). Work role transitions: A study of American expatriate managers. Journal of International Business Studies, 19(2), 277–284. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490383
   Google Scholar
• Black, J. S., & Gregersen, H. B. (1998). So you’re going overseas: A handbook for personal and professional success. Global Business Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Blacklock, C., Ward, A. M., Heneghan, C., & Thompson, M. (2014). Exploring the migration decisions of health workers and trainees from Africa: A meta-ethnographic synthesis. Social Science & Medicine, 100, 99–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.10.032
   Google Scholar
• Black, J. S., Mendenhall, M., & Oddou, G. (1991). Toward a comprehensive model of international adjustment: An integration of multiple theoretical perspectives. The Academy of Management Review, 16(2), 291–317. https://doi.org/10.2307/258863
   Google Scholar
• Black, J. S., & Stephens, G. K. (1989). The influence of the spouse on American expatriate adjustment and intent to stay in Pacific Rim overseas assignment. Journal of Management, 15(4), 529–544. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920638901500403
   Google Scholar
• Chojnicki, X., & Moullan, Y. (2018). Is there a ‘pig cycle’ in the labour supply of doctors? How training and immigration policies respond to physician shortages. Social Science & Medicine, 200, 227–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.01.038
   Google Scholar
• Crowe, S., & Brugha, R. (2018). We’ve all had patients who’ve died …: Narratives of emotion and ideals of competence among junior doctors. Social Science & Medicine, 215, 152–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.08.037
   Google Scholar
• Dall, T., West, T., Chakrabarti, R., Reynolds, R., & Iacobucci, W. (2018). The complexities of physician supply and demand: Projections from 2016 to 2030. p. 54. IHS Markit Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 500–507. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.500
   Google Scholar
• Erogul, S. M., & Rahman, A. (2017). The impact of family adjustment in expatriate success. Journal of International Business and Economy, 18(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.51240/jibe.2017.1.1
   Google Scholar
• Fee, A., & Michailova, S. (2020). How host organizations prepare for and learn from expatriate assignments. Thunderbird International Business Review, 62(4), 329–342. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.22099
   Google Scholar
• Fei, K. L. T., & Le, Y. L. (2020). Factors contributing to expatriate adjustment to life in Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Social Science and Humanities, 5(9), 16–29. https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v5i9.469
   Google Scholar
• Festing, M., & Maletzky, M. (2011). Cross-cultural leadership adjustment - A multilevel framework based on the theory of structuration. Human Resource Management Review, 21(3), 186–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2011.02.005
   Google Scholar
• Grainger, R. J., & Nankervis, A. R. (2001). Expatriation practices in the global business environment. Research and Practice in Human Resource Management, 9(2), 77–92. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=c2724d4669e34e5a7d8f6c5eeadc8a1654281d28
   Google Scholar
• Gullahorn, J., & Gullahorn, J. (1963). An extension of the u-curve hypothesis. Journal of Social Science Issues, 19(3), 33–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1963.tb00447.x
   Google Scholar
• Harrison, D. A., & Shaffer, M. A. (2005). Mapping the criterion space for expatriate success: Task- and relationship-based performance, effort and adaptation. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16(8), 1454–1474. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190500220648
   Google Scholar
• Hayes, B., Walsh, G., & Prihodova, L. (2017). National study of wellbeing of hospital doctors in Ireland- Report on the 2014 National Survey. (p. 26): Royal College of Physicians of Ireland.
   Google Scholar
• Hofstede, G. (2021). Hofstede’s Insights. https://www.hofstede-insights.com/product/compare-countries/ [accessed November 2021]
   Google Scholar
• HSE. (2011). HSE Annual Report 2011. Retrieved October 2021 https://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/17671/1/HSEannualreport.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Humphries, N., Connell, J., Negin, J., & Buchan, J. (2019). Tracking the leavers: Towards a better understanding of doctor migration from Ireland to Australia 2008–2018. Human Resources for Health, 17(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-019-0365-5
   Google Scholar
• Humphries, N., Tyrrell, E., McAleese, S., Bidwell, P., Thomas, S., Normand, C., & Brugha, R. (2013). A cycle of brain gain, waste and drain - a qualitative study of non-EU migrant doctors in Ireland. Human Resources for Health, 11(1), 63. https://doi.org/10.1186/1478-4491-11-63
   Google Scholar
• IMO (2011) Irish Medical Organisation Annual Report , available at: https://www.imo.ie/about-imo/annual-reports/IMO-Annual-Report-2011-Final.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Kelly, P. (2010). An Ireland of equality? Medical Independent Online.
   Google Scholar
• Kraimer, M. L., & Wayne, S. J. (2004). An examination of perceived organizational support as a multidimensional construct in the context of an expatriate assignment. Journal of Management, 30(2), 209–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jm.2003.01.001
   Google Scholar
• Kraimer, M. L., Wayne, S. J., & Jaworski, R. A. (2001). Sources of support and expatriate performance: The mediating role of expatriate adjustment. Personnel Psychology, 54(1), 71–99. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2001.tb00086.x
   Google Scholar
• Kristof - Brown, A. L., Zimmerman, R. D., & Johnson, E. C. (2005). Consequences of individuals’ fit at work: A meta-analysis of person-job, person-organisation, person-group, and person-supervisor fit. Personnel Psychology, 58(2), 281–342. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2005.00672.x
   Google Scholar
• Lauring, J., & Selmer, J. (2010). Multicultural organisations: Common language and group cohesiveness. International Journal of Cross-Cultural Management, 10(3), 267–282. https://doi.org/10.1177/14705958103845
   Google Scholar
• Lysgaard, S. (1955). Adjustment in a foreign society: Norwegian Fulbright grantees visiting the United States. International Social Science Bulletin, 7, 45–51.
   Google Scholar
• Malek, M. A., Budhwar, P., & Reiche, B. S. (2015). Sources of support and expatriation: A multiple stakeholder perspective of expatriate adjustment and performance in Malaysia. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 26(2), 258–276. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2014.937968
   Google Scholar
• Mendenhall, M., & Oddou, G. (1985). The dimensions of expatriate acculturation: A review. Academy of Management Review, 10(1), 39–47. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1985.4277340
   Google Scholar
• Mumtaz, S., Nadeem, S., & Wright, L. T. (2020). When too much adjustment is bad: A curvilinear relationship between expatriates’ adjustment and social changes in HCNs. Cogent Business & Management, 7(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2020.1857064
   Google Scholar
• Myers, B., & Pringle, J. K. (2005). Self-initiated foreign experiences as accelerated development: Influences of gender. Journal of World Business, 40(4), 421–431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2005.08.009
   Google Scholar
• Nolan, E. (2018). Foreign doctors no longer want to work in Irish hospitals. The Irish Times. Accessed October 18 https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/foreign-doctors-no-longer-want-to-work-in-irish-hospitals-1.3666637
   Google Scholar
• Nolan, E. (2022). No country for non-EU doctors? The Irish Medical Times, Accessed January 14 https://www.imt.ie/opinion/a-career-advancement-no-go-zone-why-is-ireland-failing-non-eu-doctors-14-01-2022/
   Google Scholar
• Nolan, E., & Liang, X. (2022). Determinants of cross-cultural adjustment among self-initiated expatriate medical doctors working in Ireland. Global Mobility, 10(3), 289–311. https://doi.org/10.1108/JGM-01-2022-0002
   Google Scholar
• Nolan, E., & Morley, M. (2014). A test of the relationship between person-environment fit and cross-cultural adjustment among self-initiated expatriates. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(11), 1631–1649. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2013.845240
   Google Scholar
• Oberg, K. (1960). Cultural shock: Adjustment to new cultural environments. Practical Anthropology, 7(4), 177–182. https://doi.org/10.1177/009182966000700405
   Google Scholar
• Okeke, E. N. (2013). Brain drain: Do economic conditions “push” doctors out of developing countries? Social Science & Medicine, 98, 169–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.09.010
   Google Scholar
• Okpara, J. O. (2010). Personal characteristics as predictors of expatriate managers cross-cultural adjustment in Nigeria. African Journal of Business and Economic Research, 5(1), 113–133. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC10456
   Google Scholar
• Okpara, J. O. (2016). Cross-Cultural adjustment of expatriates: Exploring factors influencing adjustment of expatriates in Nigeria. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 16(3), 259–280. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470595816671149
   Google Scholar
• Okpara, J. O., & Kabongo, J. D. (2017). The effect of cross-cultural training on expatriate adjustment: Evidence from an emerging African economy. Journal of Management Development, 36(9), 1114–1124. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-09-2016-0166
   Google Scholar
• Reilly, C. (2020). NCHDs’ working hours: Lies, damned lies, and statistics? The Medical Independent. https://www.medicalindependent.ie/nchds-working-hours-lies-damned-lies-and-statistics/
   Google Scholar
• Rodsai, T., Stoffers, J., & Talim, M. B. (2017). Cross-cultural adjustment: A case of Thai expatriates in Indonesia. Journal of Applied Business Research, 33(6), 1139–1152. https://doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v33i6.10051
   Google Scholar
• Selmer, J., & Leung, A. (2003). International adjustment of female vs. male business expatriates. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 14(7), 1117–1131. https://doi.org/10.1080/0958519032000114237
   Google Scholar
• Shaffer, M. A., Harrison, D. A., Gilley, K. M., & Luk, D. M. (2001). Struggling for balance amid turbulence on international assignments: Work–family conflict, support, and commitment. Journal of Management, 27(1), 99–121. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920630102700106
   Google Scholar
• Shanafelt, T., Boone, S., Tan, L., Al, E., Sotile, W., Satele, D., West, C. P., Sloan, J., & Oreskovich, M. R. (2012). Burnout and satisfaction with work-life balance among US physicians relative to the general US population. Archives of Internal Medicine, 172(18), 1377–1385. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2012.3199
   Google Scholar
• Sharma, A. (2016). Managing diversity and equality in the workplace. Cogent Business & Management, 3(1), 1212682. 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2016.1212682
   Google Scholar
• Varma, A., Mathew, J., Wang, C. H., Budhwar, P., & Katou, A. (2020). Indian nurses in the United Kingdom: A two-phase study of the expatriate host country national relationship. European Management Review, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/emre.12436
   Google Scholar
• Vlajcic, D., Caputo, A., Marzi, G., & Dabic, M. (2019). Expatriates managers’ cultural intelligence as promoter of knowledge transfer in multinational companies. Journal of Business Research, 94(1), 367–377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.01.033
   Google Scholar
• WHO. (2013). A universal truth: no health without a workforce third global forum on human resources for health report. Retrieved October 2021 http://www.who.int/workforcealliance/knowledge/resources/hrhreport2013/en/
   Google Scholar
• Zaman, U., Nawaz, S., Anjam, M., Anwar, R. S., & Siddique, M. S. (2021). Human resource diversity management (HRDM) practices as a coping mechanism for xenophobia at transnational workplace: A case of a multi-billion-dollar economic corridor. Cogent Business & Management, 8:1, 1883828 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2021.1883828
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, E. L., & Harzing, W. A. (2016). From dilemmatic struggle to legitimized indifference: Expatriates’ host country language learning and its impact on the expatriate-HCE relationship. Journal of World Business, 51(5), 774–786. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2016.06.001
   Google Scholar