Factors influencing the behavioral intention to use Cryptocurrency among Saudi Arabian public university students: Moderating role of financial literacy

References

• Adapa, A., Nah, F. F.-H., Hall, R. H., Siau, K., & Smith, S. N. (2018). Factors influencing the adoption of smart wearable devices. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 34(5), 399–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2017.1357902
   Google Scholar
• Alalwan, A. A., Dwivedi, Y. K., & Rana, N. P. (2017). Factors influencing adoption of mobile banking by Jordanian bank customers: Extending UTAUT2 with trust. International Journal of Information Management, 37(3), 99–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2017.01.002
   Google Scholar
• Al-Amri, R., Zakaria, N. H., Habbal, A., & Hassan, S. (2019). Cryptocurrency adoption: Current stage, opportunities, and open challenges. International Journal of Advanced Computer Research, 9(44), 293–307. https://doi.org/10.19101/IJACR.PID43
   Google Scholar
• Al-Hatmi, T., Al-Rawas, R., Al-Noufali, M., Al-Buloshi, H., & Al-Hinai, Y. (2018). Exploring bitcoin: Opportunities and threats of use in Oman. 11th IADIS International Conference Information Systems 2018, IS 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Almajali, D. A., Masa’Deh, R. E., & Dahalin, Z. M. (2022). Factors influencing the adoption of Cryptocurrency in Jordan: An application of the extended TRA model. Cogent Social Sciences, 8(1), 2103901. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2022.2103901
   Google Scholar
• Al-Mamary, Y. H., Alwaheeb, M. A., Alshammari, N. G. M., Abdulrab, M., Balhareth, H., & Soltane, H. B. (2020). The effect of entrepreneurial orientation on financial and non-financial performance in Saudi SMEs: A review. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(14), 270–278. https://doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.14.35
   Google Scholar
• Al-Mamary, Y. H., Shamsuddin, A., Abdul Hamid, N. A., & Al-Maamari, M. H. (2015). Adoption of Management Information Systems in Context of Yemeni Organizations: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach. Journal of Digital Information Management, 13, 6. https://www.dline.info/fpaper/jdim/v13i6/v13i6_4.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Almarashdeh, I., Bouzkraoui, H., Azouaoui, A., Youssef, H., Niharmine, L., Rahman, A. A., Yahaya, S. S. S., Atta, A. M. A., Egbe, D. A., & Murimo, B. M. (2018). An Overview Of Technology Evolution: Investigating The Factors Influencing Non-Bitcoins Users To Adopt Bitcoins As Online Payment Transaction Method. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, 96, 13. http://www.jatit.org/volumes/Vol96No13/1Vol96No13.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Al Shehhi, A., Oudah, M., & Aung, Z. (2014). Investigating factors behind choosing a cryptocurrency. 2014 IEEE international conference on industrial engineering and engineering management,
   Google Scholar
• Arias-Oliva, M., Pelegrín-Borondo, J., & Matías-Clavero, G. (2019). Variables influencing cryptocurrency use: A technology acceptance model in Spain. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 475. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00475
   Google Scholar
• Armstrong, J. S., & Overton, T. S. (1977). Estimating nonresponse bias in mail surveys. Journal of Marketing Research, 14(3), 396–402. https://doi.org/10.2307/3150783
   Google Scholar
• Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
   Google Scholar
• Baur, A. W., Bühler, J., Bick, M., & Bonorden, C. S. (2015). Cryptocurrencies as a disruption? empirical findings on user adoption and future potential of bitcoin and co. Conference on e-Business, e-Services and e-Society,
   Google Scholar
• Beh, P. K., Ganesan, Y., Iranmanesh, M., & Foroughi, B. (2021). Using smartwatches for fitness and health monitoring: The UTAUT2 combined with threat appraisal as moderators. Behaviour & Information Technology, 40(3), 282–299. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2019.1685597
   Google Scholar
• Bhimani, A., Hausken, K., & Arif, S. (2022). Do national development factors affect cryptocurrency adoption? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 181, 121739. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121739
   Google Scholar
• Bohr, J., & Bashir, M. (2014). Who uses bitcoin? an exploration of the bitcoin community. 2014 Twelfth Annual International Conference on Privacy, Security and Trust.
   Google Scholar
• Chang, Y., Wong, S. F., Lee, H., & Jeong, S. P. (2016). What motivates Chinese consumers to adopt FinTech services: A regulatory focus theory. Proceedings of the 18th annual international conference on electronic commerce: e-commerce in smart connected world.
   Google Scholar
• Chan, R., Troshani, I., Hill, S. R., & Hoffmann, A. (2022). Towards an understanding of consumers’ FinTech adoption: The case of Open Banking. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 40, 886–917. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-08-2021-0397
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behaviors science. Laurence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, Hillsdale.
   Google Scholar
• Dawson, J. F. (2014). Moderation in Management Research: What, Why, When, and How. Journal of Advanced Research in Business, 29(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-013-9308-7
   Google Scholar
• De Filippi, P. (2014). Bitcoin: A regulatory nightmare to a libertarian dream. Internet Policy Review, 3(2), 2. https://doi.org/10.14763/2014.2.286
   Google Scholar
• Diep, N. A., Cocquyt, C., Zhu, C., & Vanwing, T. (2016). Predicting adult learners’ online participation: Effects of altruism, performance expectancy, and social capital. Computers & Education, 101, 84–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2016.06.002
   Google Scholar
• Ermakova, T., Fabian, B., Baumann, A., Izmailov, M., & Krasnova, H. (2017). Bitcoin: Drivers and impediments. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3017190
   Google Scholar
• Festa, M. M., & Knotts, K. G. (2021). Self-leadership, financial self-efficacy, and student loan debt. Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning, 1. https://doi.org/10.1891/JFCP-18-00054
   Google Scholar
• Glebova, E., & Desbordes, M. (2020). Technology Enhanced Sports Spectators Customer Experiences: Measuring and Identifying Impact of Mobile Applications on Sports Spectators Customer Experiences. Athens Journal of Sports, 7(2), 115–140. https://doi.org/10.30958/ajspo.7-2-3
   Google Scholar
• Grohmann, A., Klühs, T., & Menkhoff, L. (2018). Does financial literacy improve financial inclusion? Cross country evidence. World Development, 111, 84–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.06.020
   Google Scholar
• Gunawan, F. E., & Novendra, R. (2017). An analysis of bitcoin acceptance in Indonesia. ComTech: Computer, Mathematics and Engineering Applications, 8(4), 241–247. https://doi.org/10.21512/comtech.v8i4.3885
   Google Scholar
• Gupta, S., Gupta, S., Mathew, M., & Sama, H. R. (2020). Prioritizing intentions behind investment in cryptocurrency: A fuzzy analytical framework. Journal of Economic Studies. https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-06-2020-0285
   Google Scholar
• Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/ebr-11-2018-0203
   Google Scholar
• Hair, F., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L., & Kuppelwieser, G. (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) An emerging tool in business research. European Business Review, 26(2), 106–121. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-10-2013-0128
   Google Scholar
• Hasan, S. Z., Ayub, H., Ellahi, A., & Saleem, M. (2022). A moderated mediation model of factors influencing intention to adopt cryptocurrency among university students. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 2022, 5. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9718920
   Google Scholar
• Henry, C. S., Huynh, K. P., & Nicholls, G. (2018). Bitcoin awareness and usage in Canada. Journal of Digital Banking, 2(4), 311–337. https://doi.org/10.5195/ledger.2020.206
   Google Scholar
• Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
   Google Scholar
• Herrero, Á., San Martín, H., & Garcia-De Los Salmones, M. D. M. (2017). Explaining the adoption of social networks sites for sharing user-generated content: A revision of the UTAUT2. Computers in Human Behavior, 71, 209–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.02.007
   Google Scholar
• Hutchison, M. (2017). Acceptance of electronic monetary exchanges, specifically bitcoin, by information security professionals: A quantitative study using the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model. Colorado Technical University.
   Google Scholar
• Kavanagh, D., & Ennis, P. J. (2020). Cryptocurrencies and the emergence of blockocracy. The Information Society, 36(5), 290–300. https://doi.org/10.1080/01972243.2020.1795958
   Google Scholar
• Khwaji, A., Hussain, F., & Alsahafi, Y. (2021). Blockchain Technology Adoption in Saudi Hospitals: IT professionals’ perspectives. Proceedings of the 36th International Business Information Management Association Conference (IBIMA) 4-5 November 2020 Granada, Spain: Sustainable economic development and advancing education excellence in the era of global pandemic. Springer, Cham.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, M. (2021). A psychological approach to Bitcoin usage behavior in the era of COVID-19: Focusing on the role of attitudes toward money. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 62, 102606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102606
   Google Scholar
• Kock, N. (2015). Common method bias in PLS-SEM: A full collinearity assessment approach. International Journal of e-Collaboration (Ijec), 11(4), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijec.2015100101
   Google Scholar
• Ku-Mahamud, K. R., Omar, M., Bakar, N. A. A., & Muraina, I. D. (2019). Awareness, trust, and adoption of blockchain technology and cryptocurrency among blockchain communities in Malaysia. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering & Information Technology, 9(4), 1217–1222. https://doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.9.4.6280
   Google Scholar
• Lusardi, A. (2019). Financial literacy and the need for financial education: Evidence and implications. Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics, 155(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41937-019-0027-5
   Google Scholar
• Mahomed, N. (2017). Understanding consumer adoption of cryptocurrencies. University of Pretoria.
   Google Scholar
• Mendoza-Tello, J. C., Mora, H., Pujol-López, F. A., & Lytras, M. D. (2018). Social commerce as a driver to enhance trust and intention to use cryptocurrencies for electronic payments. Ieee Access, 6, 50737–50751. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2869359
   Google Scholar
• Mensah, I. K., & Mwakapesa, D. S. (2022). The Drivers of the Behavioral Adoption Intention of BITCOIN Payment from the Perspective of Chinese Citizens. Security and Communication Networks, 2022, 5. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7373658
   Google Scholar
• Merhi, M., Hone, K., & Tarhini, A. (2019). A cross-cultural study of the intention to use mobile banking between Lebanese and British consumers: Extending UTAUT2 with security, privacy and trust. Technology in Society, 59, 101151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2019.101151
   Google Scholar
• Miraz, M. H., Hasan, M. T., Rekabder, M. S., & Akhter, R. (2022). Trust, transaction transparency, volatility, facilitating condition, performance expectancy towards cryptocurrency adoption through intention to use. Journal of Management Information and Decision Sciences, 25(1), 1–20 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mahadi-Miraz-3/publication/356282702_Trust-transaction-transparency-volatility-facilitating-condition-performance-expectancy-towards-cryptocurrency-adoption-through-intention-to-use/links/6194779907be5f31b78d4adf/Trust-transaction-transparency-volatility-facilitating-condition-performance-expectancy-towards-cryptocurrency-adoption-through-intention-to-use.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Mohammad, J., Quoquab, F., Halimah, S., & Thurasamy, R. (2019). Workplace internet leisure and employees’ productivity: The mediating role of employee satisfaction. Internet Research, 29(4), 725–748. https://doi.org/10.1108/IntR-05-2017-0191
   Google Scholar
• Mukherjee, S., Chittipaka, V., & Baral, M. M. (2021). Developing a Model to Highlight the Relation of Digital Trust With Privacy and Security for the Blockchain Technology. In Blockchain Technology and Applications for Digital Marketing (pp. 110-125). IGI Global.
   Google Scholar
• Mukherjee, S., Nagariya, R., Baral, M. M., Patel, B. S., Chittipaka, V., Rao, K. S., & Rao, U. A. (2022). Blockchain-based circular economy for achieving environmental sustainability in the Indian electronic MSMEs. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal(ahead-of-print), 3(2022), 5. https://doi.org/10.1108/MEQ-03-2022-0045
   Google Scholar
• Nguyen, Q. K. (2016). Blockchain-a financial technology for future sustainable development. 2016 3rd International conference on green technology and sustainable development (GTSD),
   Google Scholar
• Nseke, P. (2018). How crypto-currency can decrypt the global digital divide: Bitcoins a means for African emergence. International Journal of Innovation and Economic Development, 3(6), 61–70. https://doi.org/10.18775/ijied.1849-7551-7020.2015.36.2005
   Google Scholar
• Nurunnabi, M. (2017). Transformation from an oil-based economy to a knowledge-based economy in Saudi Arabia: The direction of Saudi vision 2030. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 8(2), 536–564. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-017-0479-8
   Google Scholar
• Omane-Adjepong, M., & Alagidede, I. P. (2020). High-and low-level chaos in the time and frequency market returns of leading cryptocurrencies and emerging assets. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 132(March 2020), 109563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2019.109563
   Google Scholar
• Ozili, P. K. (2022). The Acceptable R-Square in Empirical Modelling for Social Science Research. Available at SSRN 4128165. SSRN - Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Pandya, S., Mittapalli, M., Gulla, S. V. T., & Landau, O. (2019). Cryptocurrency: Adoption efforts and security challenges in different countries. HOLISTICA–Journal of Business and Public Administration, 10(2), 167–186. https://doi.org/10.2478/hjbpa-2019-0024
   Google Scholar
• Panos, G. A., Karkkainen, T., & Atkinson, A. (2020). Financial literacy and attitudes to cryptocurrencies. SSRN - Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Patel, K. J., & Patel, H. J. (2018). Adoption of internet banking services in Gujarat: An extension of TAM with perceived security and social influence. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 147–169. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijbm-08-2016-0104
   Google Scholar
• Patil, P., Tamilmani, K., Rana, N. P., & Raghavan, V. (2020). Understanding consumer adoption of mobile payment in India: Extending Meta-UTAUT model with personal innovativeness, anxiety, trust, and grievance redressal. International Journal of Information Management, 54(October 2020), 102144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102144
   Google Scholar
• Podsakoff, N. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
   Google Scholar
• Poongodi, T., Sujatha, R., Sumathi, D., Suresh, P., & Balamurugan, B. (2020). Blockchain in social networking. Cryptocurrencies and Blockchain Technology Applications, 9, 55–76. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119621201.ch4
   Google Scholar
• Roos, C. (2015). The motivation and factors driving crypto-currency adoption in SMEs. University of Pretoria.
   Google Scholar
• Saputro, R. E. H., & Lestari, D. (2019). Effect of Financial Literacy and Risk Perception on Student Investment Decisions in Jakarta. Review of Management and Entrepreneurship, 3(2), 107–132. https://doi.org/10.37715/rme.v3i2.1237
   Google Scholar
• Schaupp, L. C., Festa, M., Knotts, K. G., & Vitullo, E. A. (2022). Regulation as a pathway to individual adoption of cryptocurrency. Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance, 24(2), 199–219. https://doi.org/10.1108/DPRG-08-2021-0101
   Google Scholar
• Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research methods for business: A skill building approach. John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Shahzad, F., Xiu, G., Wang, J., & Shahbaz, M. (2018). An empirical investigation on the adoption of cryptocurrencies among the people of mainland China. Technology in Society, 55(November 2018), 33–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2018.05.006
   Google Scholar
• Shaw, N., & Sergueeva, K. (2019). The non-monetary benefits of mobile commerce: Extending UTAUT2 with perceived value. International Journal of Information Management, 45(April 2019), 44–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.10.024
   Google Scholar
• TamphakdiphanitT, J., & Laokulrach, M. (2020). Regulations and Behavioral Intention for Use Cryptocurrency in Thailand. Journal of Applied Economic Sciences, 15(3), 6. https://doi.org/10.14505/jaes.v15.3(69).01
   Google Scholar
• Ter Ji-Xi, J., Salamzadeh, Y., & Teoh, A. P. (2021). Behavioral intention to use cryptocurrency in Malaysia: An empirical study. The Bottom Line, 34(2), 170–197. https://doi.org/10.1108/bl-08-2020-0053
   Google Scholar
• Venkatesh, V., Thong, J. Y., & Xu, X. (2012). Consumer acceptance and use of information technology: Extending the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. In MIS quarterly (pp. 157–178). Management Information Systems Research Center, University of Minnesota.
   Google Scholar
• Walton, A. J., & Johnston, K. A. (2018). Exploring perceptions of bitcoin adoption: The South African virtual community perspective. Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management, 13(2018), 165–182. https://doi.org/10.28945/4080
   Google Scholar
• Yeong, Y.-C., Kalid, K. S., Savita, K., Ahmad, M., & Zaffar, M. (2022). Sustainable cryptocurrency adoption assessment among IT enthusiasts and cryptocurrency social communities. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 52(August 2022), 102085. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2022.102085
   Google Scholar
• Yusof, H., Munir, M., Zolkaply, Z., Jing, C. L., Hao, C. Y., Ying, D. S., Zheng, L. S., Seng, L. Y., & Leong, T. K. (2018a). Behavioral intention to adopt blockchain technology: Viewpoint of the banking institutions in Malaysia. International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research and Management, 3(10), 274–279. http://ijasrm.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/IJASRM_V3S10_933_274_279.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Yusof, H., Munir, M. F. M. B., Zolkaply, Z., Jing, C. L., Hao, C. Y., Ying, D. S., Zheng, L. S., Seng, L. Y., & Leong, T. K. (2018b). Behavioral Intention to Adopt Blockchain Technology. International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research and Management.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, T., Lu, C., & Kizildag, M. (2018). Banking “on-the-go”: Examining consumers’ adoption of mobile banking services. International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences, 10(3), 279–295. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijqss-07-2017-0067
   Google Scholar
• Zhao, H., & Zhang, L. (2021). Financial literacy or investment experience: Which is more influential in cryptocurrency investment? International Journal of Bank Marketing, 39(7), 1208–1226. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijbm-11-2020-0552
   Google Scholar