Food values and purchase decisions in emerging markets: Empirical evidence from Kenya

References

• Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior. In J. Kuhl & J. Beckman (Eds.), Action-control: From cognition to behavior (pp. 11–23). Springer.1124I. Ajzen.
   Google Scholar
• Ajzen, I. (2011). The theory of planned behaviour: Reactions and reflections. Psychology & Health, 26(9), 1113–1127. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2011.613995
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aljukhadar, M., & Senecal, S. (2022). Targeting the very important buyers VIB: A cluster analysis approach. Cogent Business & Management, 9(1), 2088458. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2088458
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, J. C., & Wynstra, F. (2005). The adoption of the total cost of ownership for sourcing decisions––a structural equations analysis. Accounting, Organizations & Society, 30(2), 167–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2004.03.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antwi, A. O., & Matsui, K. (2018). Consumers’ food value attributes on Ghana’s local market; case study of Berekum Municipality. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology, 3(3), 834–838. https://doi.org/10.22161/ijeab/3.3.18
   Google Scholar
• Arganini, C., Saba, A., Comitato, R., Virgili, F., & Turrini, A. (2012). Gender differences in food choice and dietary intake in modern Western societies. Public Health-Social and Behavioral Health, 4, 83–102. Available at: http://www.intechopen.com/books/public-health-social-and-behavioralhealth/gender-differences-in-foodchoice-and-dietary-intake-inmodern-western-societies
   Google Scholar
• Barrena, R., García, T., & Sánchez, M. (2015). Analysis of personal and cultural values as key determinants of novel food acceptance: Application to an ethnic product. Appetite, 87, 205–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2014.12.210
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basfirinci, C., & Cilingir Uk, Z. (2017). Gender-based food stereotypes among Turkish university students. Young Consumers, 18(3), 223–244. https://doi.org/10.1108/YC-12-2016-00653
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauer, M., Auer‐Srnka, K. J., & Wooliscroft, B. (2012). The life cycle concept in marketing research. Journal of Historical Research in Marketing, 4(1), 68–96. https://doi.org/10.1108/17557501211195073
   Google Scholar
• Bazzani, C., Gustavsen, G. W., Nayga, R. M., & Rickertsen, K. (2018). A comparative study of food values between the United States and Norway. European Review of Agricultural Economics, 45(2), 239–272. https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbx033
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellows, A. C., Alcaraz, G., & Hallman, W. K. (2010). Gender and food, a study of attitudes in the USA towards organic, local, US grown, and GM-free foods. Appetite, 55(3), 540–550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2010.09.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bihan, H., Castetbon, K., Mejean, C., Peneau, S., Pelabon, L., Jellouli, F., Le Clesiau, H., & Hercberg, S. (2010). Sociodemographic factors and attitudes toward food affordability and Health are associated with fruit and vegetable consumption in a low-income French population. The Journal of Nutrition, 140(4), 823–830. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.109.118273
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Binswanger-Mkhize, H., & McCalla, A. F. (2010). The changing context and prospects for agricultural and rural development in Africa. Handbook of Agricultural Economics, 4, 3571–3712. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1574-0072(09)04070-5
   Google Scholar
• Bogue, J., & Yu, H. (2016). The influence of sociodemographic and lifestyle factors on consumers’ healthy cereal food choices. Journal of Food Products Marketing, 22(3), 398–419. https://doi.org/10.1080/10454446.2014.949985
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carroll, R., & Vallen, B. (2014). Compromise and attraction effects in food choice. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 38(6), 636–641. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12135
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofstede Center (1967-2023). Geert Hofstede Cultural Dimensions. Retrieved November 18, 2023, from https://www.hofstede-insights.com/country-comparison-tool
   Google Scholar
• Chakona, G., & Shackleton, C. (2019). Food taboos and cultural Beliefs influence food choice and dietary preferences among pregnant women in the eastern cape. South Africa Nutrients, 11(11), 2668. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112668
   Google Scholar
• Chambers, S., Lobb, A., Butler, L. T. & Traill, W. B.(2008). The influence of age and gender on food choice: A focus group exploration. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 32(4), 356–365. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2007.00642.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, P.-J., & Antonelli, M. (2020). Conceptual models of food choice: Influential factors related to foods, individual differences, and Society. Foods, 9(12), 1898. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9121898
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clements, K. W., & Si, J. (2018). Engel’s law, diet diversity, and the quality of food consumption. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 100(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aax053
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalton, D., & Ortegren, M. (2011). Gender differences in Ethics research: The importance of controlling for the Social desirability response bias. Journal of Business Ethics, 103(1), 73–93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-0843-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darmon, N., & Drewnowski, A. (2015). Contribution of food prices and diet cost to socioeconomic disparities in diet quality and health: A systematic review and analysis. Nutrition Reviews, 73(10), 643–660. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuv027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Debela, B. L. Demmler, K. M. Klasen, S. & Qaim, M.(2020). Supermarket food purchases and child nutrition in Kenya. Global Food Security, 25, 100341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2019.100341
   Google Scholar
• Della Corte, V., Del Gaudio, G., & Sepe, F. (2018). Ethical food and the kosher certification: A literature review. British Food Journal, 120(10), 2270–2288. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-09-2017-0538
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dibb, S., & Simkin, L. (2009). Bridging the segmentation theory/practice divide. Journal of Marketing Management, 25(3–4), 219–225. https://doi.org/10.1362/026725709X429728
   Google Scholar
• Dudek, A. (2020). Silhouette index as clustering evaluation tool. In K. Jajuga, J. Batóg, & M. Walesiak (Eds.), Classification and data analysis. SKAD 2019. Studies in classification, data analysis, and knowledge organization. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52348-0_2
   Google Scholar
• Dudziak, A., Stoma, M., & Osmólska, E. (2023). Analysis of consumer behaviour in the context of the Place of Purchasing Food Products with particular emphasis on local Products. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3), 2413. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032413
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Elche, D., Ruiz-Palomino, P., & Linuesa-Langreo, J. (2020). Servant leadership and organizational citizenship behaviour. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 32(6), 2035–2053. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-05-2019-0501
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Femi-Oladunni, O. A., Martínez-Ruiz, M. P., Ruiz-Palomino, P., & Muro-Rodríguez, A. I. (2023). Food values influencing consumers’ decisions in a sub-Saharan African country. British Food Journal, 125(5), 1805–1823. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-02-2022-0144
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Femi-Oladunni, O. A., Ruiz-Palomino, P., Martínez-Ruiz, M. P., & Muro-Rodríguez, A. I. (2021). A Review of the literature on food values and their potential implications for consumers’ food decision processes. Sustainability, 14(1), 271. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14010271
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Figuié, M., & Moustier, P. (2009). Market appeal in an emerging economy: Supermarkets and poor consumers in Vietnam. Food Policy, 34(2), 210–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2008.10.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Firmansyah, F., Lubis, T. A., & Ningsih, M. (2022). Hedonic and utilitarian value in the food truck business: A qualitative perspective. Journal of Business Studies and Management Review (JBSMR), 5(2), 221–225. https://doi.org/10.22437/jbsmr.v5i2.18640
   Google Scholar
• Fitzgerald, A., Heary, C., Nixon, E., & Kelly, C. (2010). Factors influencing the food choices of Irish children and adolescents: A qualitative investigation. Health Promotion International, 25(3), 289–298. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daq021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friesdorf, R., Conway, P., & Gawronski, B. (2015). Gender differences in responses to moral dilemmas: A process dissociation analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 41(5), 696–713. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167215575731
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuljahn, A., & Moosmayer, D. C. (2011). The myth of guilt: A replication study on the suitability of hedonic and utilitarian products for cause-related marketing campaigns in Germany. International Journal of Business Research, 85–92.
   Google Scholar
• Gallarza, M. G., Gil-Saura, I., & Holbrook, M. B. (2011). Value of value: Further excursions on the meaning and role of consumer value. Journal of Consumer Behavior, 10(4), 179–191. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.328
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graf, A., & Maas, P. (2008). Customer value from a customer perspective: A comprehensive Review. Journal für Betriebswirtschaft, 58(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-008-0032-8
   Google Scholar
• Grunert, K. G. (1993). Toward the concept of food-related lifestyles. Appetite, 21(2), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/0195-6663(93)90007-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grunert, K. G. (2002). Current issues in understanding consumer food choices. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 13(8), 275–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0924-2244(02)00137-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grunert, K. G. (2011). Sustainability in the food sector: A consumer behavior perspective. International Journal of Food System Dynamics, 2(3), 207–218. https://doi.org/10.18461/ijfsd.v2i3.232
   Google Scholar
• Hawkes, C. (2008). Dietary implications of supermarket development: A global perspective. Development Policy Review, 26(6), 657–692. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7679.2008.00428.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodson, G., & Earle, M. (2020). Social identity theory (SIT). In V. Zeigler-Hill & T. K. Shackelford (Eds.), Encyclopedia of personality and individual differences. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_1185
   Google Scholar
• Hough, G., & Sosa, M. (2015). Food choice in low-income populations–A review. Food Quality and Preference, 40, 334–342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2014.05.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Izquierdo-Yusta, A., Gómez-Cantó, C. M., Martínez-Ruiz, M. P., & Pérez-Villarreal, H. H. (2020). Influence of food value on post-purchase variables in food establishments. British Food Journal, 122(7), 2061–2076. https://doi.org/10.1108/bfj-06-2019-0420
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Izquierdo-Yusta, A., Gómez-Cantó, C. M., Pelegrin-Borondo, J., & Martínez-Ruiz, M. P. (2019). Consumer behavior in fast-food restaurants: A food value perspective from Spain. British Food Journal, 121(2), 386–399. https://doi.org/10.1108/bfj-01-2018-0059
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaeger, S. R., Bava, C. M., Worch, T., Dawson, J., & Marshall, D. W. (2011). Food-choice kaleidoscope. Framework for the structured description of products, places, and people as sources of variation in food choices. Appetite, 56(2), 412–423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2011.01.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kell, K. P., Judd, S. E., Pearson, K. E., Shikany, J. M., & Fernández, J. R. (2015). Association between socioeconomic status and dietary patterns in American black and white adults. British Journal of Nutrition, 113(11), 1792–1799. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114515000938
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS). (2020). Available at: https://knoema.com/atlas/sources/KNBS
   Google Scholar
• Kenyan Wall Street. (2021). Kenya’s economy to grow fastest in Africa in 2021. Available at https://kenyanwallstreet.com/kenyas-economy-to-grow-fastest-in-africa-in-2021-world-bank/
   Google Scholar
• Kimenyi, M. S., & Kibe, J. (2014). Africa’s Powerhouse. Retrieved August 3, 2022, from https://www.brookings.edu/opinions/africas-powerhouse/
   Google Scholar
• Koschate-Fischer, N., Hoyer, W. D., Stokburger-Sauer, N. E., & Engling, J. (2018). Do life events always lead to purchase changes? Mediating role of change in consumer innovativeness, variety-seeking tendencies, and price consciousness. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 46(3), 516–536. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-017-0548-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kroshus, E. (2008). Gender, marital status, and commercially prepared food expenditure. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 40(6), 355–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2008.05.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le, T. T., Jin, R., Mazenda, A., Sari, N. P. W. P., Tristiana, D., Nguyen, M. H., & Vuong, Q. H. (2023). How educational attainment and custom-based food choice affect health considerations in food consumption. OSF. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/drx76
   Google Scholar
• Lindgreen, A., & Wynstra, F. (2005). Value in business markets: What do we know? Where are we going? Industrial Marketing Management, 34(7), 732–748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2005.01.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lister, G., Tonsor, G., Brix, M., Schroeder, T., & Yang, C. (2014). Food value applied to livestock products. Working Paper, available at https://www.agmanager.info/livestock/marketing/WorkingPapers/WP1_FoodValues-LivestockProducts.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Lusk, J. L., & Briggeman, B. C. (2009). Food values. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 91(1), 184–196. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8276.2008.01175.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maehle, N., Iversen, N., Hem, L., & Otnes, C. (2015). Exploring consumer preferences for hedonic and utilitarian food attributes. British Food Journal, 117(12), 3039–3063. https://doi.org/10.1108/bfj-04-2015-0148
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez-Ruiz, M. P., & Gomez-Canto, C. (2016). Key external influences affecting consumers’ decisions regarding food. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1618. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01618
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50 (4), 370–96.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maslow, A. H. (1996). Critique of self-actualization theory. In Hoffman, E. (Ed.). Future visions: The unpublished papers of Abraham Maslow (pp. 26–32). Sage.
   Google Scholar
• McFarlane, D. A. (2013). The strategic importance of customer value. Atlantic Marketing Journal, 2(1), 5. https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/amj/vol2/iss1/5
   Google Scholar
• Melé, D. (2009). Business Ethics in Action. Seeking Human Excellence in Organizations. Palgrave MacMillan.
   Google Scholar
• Menard, S. (2002). Applied logistic regression analysis (no. 106). Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Meyer-Rochow, V. B. (2009). Food taboos: Origin and purpose. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-5-18
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ngugi, R. W., Mwangi, W., & Apollos, M. F. (2018). Role of sociocultural factors in food choices among households in Kiambaa sub-County, Kenya. International Journal of Research in Education and Social Sciences (IJRESS), 1(1), 64–81.
   Google Scholar
• Ni, M. C., Eyles, H., Schilling, C., Yang, Q., Kaye-Blake, W., Genç, M., Blakely, T., & Zhang, H. (2013). Food prices and consumer demand: Differences across income levels and ethnic groups. PLoS ONE, 8(10), e75934. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0075934
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogbo, A., Ugwu, C. C., Enemuo, J., & Ukpere, W. I. (2019). E-commerce is a strategy for sustainable value creation among selected traditional open market retailers in Enugu state, Nigeria. Sustainability, 11(16), 4360. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11164360
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogundijo, D. A., Tas, A. A., & Onarinde, B. A. (2021). Exploring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the eating and purchasing behaviors of people living in England. Nutrients, 13(5), 1499. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051499
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parvin, S., Wang, P., Uddin, J., & Wright, L. T. (2016). Using best-worst scaling method to examine consumers’ value preferences: A multidimensional perspective. Cogent Business & Management, 3(1), 1199110. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2016.1199110
   Google Scholar
• Pearson, D., Henryks, J., Trott, A., Jones, P., Parker, G., Dumaresq, D., & Dyball, R. (2011). Local food: Understanding consumer motivations in innovative retail formats. British Food Journal, 113(7), 886–899. https://doi.org/10.1108/00070701111148414
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pechey, R., Jebb, S. A., Kelly, M. P., Almiron-Roig, E., Conde, S., Nakamura, R., Shemilt, I., Suhrcke, M., & Marteau, T. M. (2013). Socioeconomic differences in purchases of more versus less healthy foods and beverages: Analysis of over 25,000 British households in 2010. Social Science & Medicine, 92, 22–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.05.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peñaloza, V., Lopes Ferreira de Souza, L., Gerhard, F., & Denegri, M. (2017). Exploring utilitarian and hedonic aspects of consumption at the bottom of pyramid. Revista Brasileira de Marketing, 16(3), 268–280. https://doi.org/10.5585/remark.v16i3.3517
   Google Scholar
• Pérez-Villarreal, H. H., Martínez-Ruiz, M. P., Izquierdo-Yusta, A., & Gómez-Cantó, C. M. (2020). Food values, benefits and their influence on attitudes and purchase intention: Evidence obtained at fast-food hamburger restaurants. Sustainability 2020, 12(18), 7749. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12187749
   Google Scholar
• Popkin, B. M. (2017). Relationship between shifts in food system dynamics and acceleration of the global nutrition transition. Nutrition Reviews, 75(2), 73–82. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuw064
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porter, M. E., & Kramer, M. R. (2011). Creating shared value: How can capitalism be reinvented and a wave of innovation and growth be unleashed? Harvard Business Review, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1144-7_16
   Google Scholar
• Ruiz‐Palomino, P., Linuesa-Langreo, J., & Elche, D. (2021). Team‐level servant leadership and team performance: The mediating roles of organizational citizenship behavior and internal social capital. Business Ethics, the Environment & Responsibility, 32(S2), 127–144. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12390
   Google Scholar
• Ruiz-Palomino, P., Linuesa-Langreo, J., & Kelly, L. (2019a). Hacia nuevos modelos empresariales más sociales y humanos: El papel de las mujeres en procesos de emprendimiento social y economía de comunión. REVISTA EMPRESA Y HUMANISMO, 22(2), 87–122. https://doi.org/10.15581/015.XXII.2.87-122
   Google Scholar
• Ruiz-Palomino, P., Linuesa-Langreo, J., Rincón-Ornelas, R. M., & Martinez-Ruiz, M. P. (2023). Putting the customer at the center: Does store managers’ ethical leadership make a difference in authentic customer orientation? Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración, 36(2), 269–288. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARLA-11-2022-0201
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruiz-Palomino, P., Martínez-Cañas, R., & Jiménez-Estévez, P. (2019b). Are corporate social responsibility courses effective? Longitudinal and gender-based analysis in undergraduate students. Sustainability, 11(21), 6033. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11216033
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruiz-Palomino, P., Zoghbi-Manrique de Lara, P., & Ting-Ding, J. M. (2020). Gender differences in the relationship between justice perceptions and job insecurity in hotel outsourcing. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 91, 102412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2019.102412
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rundle-Thiele, S., Kubacki, K., Tkaczynski, A., & Parkinson, J. (2015). We used a two-step cluster analysis to identify homogeneous physical activity groups. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 33(4), 522–537. https://doi.org/10.1108/MIP-03-2014-0050
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanchez-Fernandez, R., & Iniesta-Bonillo, M. A. (2007). Concept of perceived value: A systematic Review of the research. Marketing Theory, 7(4), 427–451. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470593107083165
   Google Scholar
• Shipman, Z. D. (2020). Factors Affecting Food Choices of Millennials: How they Decide What to Eat?. Journal of Tourismology, 6(1), 49–62. https://doi.org/10.26650/jot.2020.6.1.0036
   Google Scholar
• Soukup, A. (2011). Consumer behavior in food markets. Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská Ekonomika), 57(3), 140–144. https://doi.org/10.17221/7/2010-agricecon
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stran, K. A., & Knol, L. L. (2013). Determinants of food label use differ by sex. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 113(5), 673–679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2012.12.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33–47). Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.
   Google Scholar
• Tkaczynski, A. (2017). Segmentation using two-step cluster analysis. In T. Dietrich, S. Rundle-Thiele, & K. Kubacki (Eds.), Segmentation in social marketing. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1835-0_8
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). (2015). Green Economy Sector Study on Agriculture in Kenya Working Document. https://wedocs.unep.org/20.500.11822/32300
   Google Scholar
• Vabø, M., & Hansen, H. (2014). Relationship between food preferences and food choices: A theoretical discussion. International Journal of Business & Social Science, 5(7).
   Google Scholar
• van Lenthe, F. J., Jansen, T., & Kamphuis, C. B. M. (2015). Understanding socioeconomic inequalities in food choice behavior: Can Maslow’s pyramid help? British Journal of Nutrition, 113(7), 1139–1147. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007114515000288
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veflen, O. N. (2012). Convenience consumers’ dilemma. British Food Journal, 114(11), 1613–1625. https://doi.org/10.1108/00070701211273090
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wansink, B., & Sobal, J. (2007). Mindless eating: The 200 daily food decisions we overlook. Environment and Behavior, 39(1), 106–123. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916506295573
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wessel, A., & Brien, D. (2010). Introduction: Rewriting menus: The cultural dynamics of contemporary food choices. TEXT, 14(Special 9). https://doi.org/10.52086/001c.31513
   Google Scholar
• World Bank. (2018). The incidence of poverty in Kenya has declined significantly but is unlikely to be eradicated. Available at https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/kenya/publication/kenya-economic-update-poverty-incidence-in-kenya-declined-significantly-but-unlikely-to-be-eradicated-by-2030
   Google Scholar
• World Bank. (2021). World Bank state of economic inclusion report 2021. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/socialprotectionandjobs/publication/the-state-of-economic-inclusion-report-2021-the-potential-to-scale
   Google Scholar
• World Food Programme. (2018). Food System country case study Kenya. https://docs.wfp.org/api/documents/WFP-0000068432/download/
   Google Scholar
• World Food Programme. (2021). The WFP institutes further cut food rations for refugees in Kenya as dried funds. https://www.wfp.org/news/wfp-institutes-further-cuts-food-rations-refugees-kenya-funds-dry
   Google Scholar
• World Population Review. (2023). https://worldpopulationreview.com/
   Google Scholar
• Yannakoulia, M., Panagiotakos, D., Pitsavos, C., Skoumas, Y., & Stafanadis, C. (2008). Eating patterns may mediate the association between marital status, body mass index, and blood cholesterol levels in apparently healthy men and women from the ATTICA study. Social Science & Medicine, 66(11), 2230–2239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.01.051
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar