Exploring flaming in the discourse of negative judgment: invoked strategies used by Indonesian netizens in Instagram comments

References

• Abaido, G. M. (2020). Cyberbullying on social media platforms among university students in the United Arab Emirates. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 25(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2019.1669059
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andajani, K., Pratiwi, Y., Roekhan, Malik, A. R., Prastio, B., Maulidina, A., & Marzuki. (2023). Exploring terminology of the beauty Jamu and the beauty metaphor of East Java women-Indonesia: An eco-linguistics study. Cogent Arts and Humanities, 10(2), 2268387. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2023.2268387
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Gallardo, S., & Ferrari, L. (2010). How doctors view their health and professional practice : An appraisal analysis of medical discourse. Journal of Pragmatics, 42(12), 3172–3187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2010.07.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gay, L. R., Mills, G. E., & Airasian, P. (2006). Educational research: Competencies for analysis and applications. Pearson Education.
   Google Scholar
• Halliday, M. (2014). Introduction to functional grammar. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Handono, S. G., Laeheem, K., & Sittichai, R. (2019). Factors related with cyberbullying among the youth of Jakarta, Indonesia. Children and Youth Services Review, 99(August 2018), 235–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.02.012
   Google Scholar
• Hashemi, A., & Mahdavirad, F. (2023). A cross-cultural, cross-disciplinary, and cross-gender study on appraisal resources in PhD dissertation abstracts: Martin & White’s (2005) appraisal theory in focus. Heliyon, 9(11), e22074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22074
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heath, M. (2018). Orthography in social media: Pragmatic and prosodic interpretations of caps lock. Linguistic Society of America, 3(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v3i1.4350
   Google Scholar
• Ho, V. (2020). Marketization attempts by universities in Hong Kong: An appraisal analysis of institutional responses to quality audit evaluations. Lingua, 237(2019), 102811. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2020.102811
   Google Scholar
• Ibrohim, M. O., & Budi, I. (2023). Hate speech and abusive language detection in Indonesian social media: Progress and challenges. Heliyon, 9(8), e18647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18647
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ioannou, A., Blackburn, J., Stringhini, G., De Cristofaro, E., Kourtellis, N., & Sirivianos, M. (2018). From risk factors to detection and intervention: A practical proposal for future work on cyberbullying. Behaviour & Information Technology, 37(3), 258–266. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2018.1432688
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Istianah, A., & Suhandano, S. (2022). Appraisal patterns used on the Kalimantan tourism website: An ecolinguistics perspective. Cogent Arts & Humanities, 9(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2022.2146928
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaipal-Jamani, K. (2014). Assessing the validity of discourse analysis: Transdisciplinary convergence. Cultural Studies of Science Education, 9(4), 801–807. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11422-013-9567-7
   Google Scholar
• Julius, N. (2024). Data Jumlah Pengguna Instagram di Indonesia 2024. Upgraded.Id. https://upgraded.id/data-jumlah-pengguna-instagram-di-indonesia
   Google Scholar
• Karayiğit, H., İnan Acı, Ç., & Akdağlı, A. (2021). Detecting abusive Instagram comments in Turkish using convolutional neural network and machine learning methods. Expert Systems with Applications, 174(March), 114802. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2021.114802
   Google Scholar
• Kress, G., & Van Leeuwen, T. (2006). Reading Images: The Grammar of Visual Design. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Kusumawardania, F., & Puspitasari, D. A. (2021). Attitude analysis of cyberbullying on students in Indonesia. Jurnal Forensik Kebahasaan, 1(2), 162–177.
   Google Scholar
• Martin, J. R., & White, P. R. R. (2005). The language of evaluation: Appraisal in English. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230511910
   Google Scholar
• Martutik, R., Prastio, A., Thampu, B., & Muhtadin, S. (2023). What are persuasive languages and strategies for advertorial advertising in Indonesia? Gramatika:  Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia, 1(1), 15–37. https://doi.org/10.22202/jg.v9i1.5918
   Google Scholar
• Nalendra, A. R. A., Winarno, S. H., & Priadi, A. (2023). Dimensi Kualitas Pelayanan Serta Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen Membeli Produk Honda Beat [Dimensions of Service Quality and Their Influence on Consumer Satisfaction in Buying Honda Beat Products]. INNOVATIVE: Journal of Social Science Research, 3(5), 9785–9796.
   Google Scholar
• Nurnaningsih. (2018). Female sexual devices metaphor in Serat Centhini by Pakubuwana V. In S. T. Sumarlam, W. Widodo, D. Abdullah, P. A. W. Purnanto, Wibowo, & A. A. Ardanareswari (Eds), International seminar on recent language, literature, and local culture studies (BASA 2018) (advances in social science, education and humanities research) (Vol. 280, pp. 471–479). Atlantis Press.
   Google Scholar
• Piata, A. (2016). When metaphor becomes a joke: Metaphor journeys from political ads to internet memes. Journal of Pragmatics, 106, 39–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2016.10.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poluzhyn, I. (2020). The origin and meaning of English animalistic idioms. ПП Данило С. І, 1(43), 237–244. https://doi.org/10.24144/2663-6840/2020.1(43).237
   Google Scholar
• Prastio, B., Ibrahim, A. S., Susanto, G., & Nurzafira, I. (2021). Pattern of indirect directive speech acts on online advertisements. Bahasa Dan Seni: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, Dan Pengajarannya, 49(2), 152–166. https://doi.org/10.17977/um015v49i22021p152
   Google Scholar
• Prastio, B., Nurzafira, I., Ghazali, A. S., & Pratiwi, Y. (2020). Question patterns and conversation implicature on traditional market in Lampung-Indonesia. LITERA, 19(2), 245–261. https://doi.org/10.21831/ltr.v19i2.31170
   Google Scholar
• Pratama, L. B., Putra, W. A., Putra, A., & Amalia, D. (2023). Analisis Resepsi Khalayak Mengenai Klarifikasi Isu Rangka Karatan Kendaraan Motor Honda Pada Akun Instagram @ welovehonda _ id [Analysis of Audience Reception Regarding Clarification of the Issue of Rusty Honda Motorcycle Frames on the Instagram Account @welovehonda _ id]. INNOVATIVE: Journal of Social Science Research, 3(6), 3306–3317.
   Google Scholar
• Pratiwi, Y., Andajani, K., Suyitno, I., Ismail, A., & Prastio, B. (2023). Representing and implementing moral values to foreign students in Indonesian textbooks for learners other than Indonesians. International Journal of Language Education, 1(1), 58–76. https://doi.org/10.26858/ijole.v1i1.36256
   Google Scholar
• Puspita, D., & Pranoto, B. E. (2021). The attitude of Japanese newspapers in narrating disaster events: Appraisal in critical discourse study. Studies in English Language and Education, 8(2), 796–817. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v8i2.18368
   Google Scholar
• Puspitasari, D., Widodo, H. P., Widyaningrum, L., Allamnakhrah, A., & Lestariyana, R. P. D. (2021). How do primary school English textbooks teach moral values ? A critical discourse analysis. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 70(May), 101044. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2021.101044
   Google Scholar
• Rachoene, M., & Oyedemi, T. (2015). From self-expression to social aggression: Cyberbullying culture among South African youth on Facebook. Communicatio, 41(3), 302–319. https://doi.org/10.1080/02500167.2015.1093325
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahmawanto, D., & Rahyono, F. X. (2019). Strategies for establishing harmony in Javanese face-to-face dialog in Purwa Shadow Puppet Performances. 3L the Southeast Asian Journal of English Language Studies, 25(1), 115–128. https://doi.org/10.17576/3L-2019-2501-09
   Google Scholar
• Riany, Y. E., & Utami, F. (2023). Cyberbullying perpetration among adolescents in Indonesia: The role of fathering and peer attachment. International Journal of Bullying Prevention, 0123456789, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42380-023-00165-x
   Google Scholar
• Saffanah, L., Handayani, P. W., & Sunarso, F. P. (2023). Actual purchases on Instagram Live Shopping: The influence of live shopping engagement and information technology affordance. Asia Pacific Management Review, 28(2), 204–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2022.09.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sartini, N. W., & Adrian, D. (2023). Symbolic violence and discrimination in a social media comment section: A study on discriminatory discursive strategies targeting non-binary gender identity in the context of Indonesia. Cogent Arts & Humanities, 10(2), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2023.2270287
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sulistiyo, U., Kailani, A., Puspitasari, R., & Lestariyana, D. (2020). Infusing moral content into primary school English textbooks : A critical discourse analysis. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 10(1), 251–260. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v10i1.25067
   Google Scholar
• Suri, H. (2011). Purposeful sampling in qualitative research synthesis. Qualitative Research Journal, 11(2), 63–75. https://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ1102063
   Google Scholar
• Surjowati, R. (2021). Exploring interpersonal meanings on the discourse of the Indonesian national anthem from the CDA perspectives. Studies in English Language and Education, 8(1), 360–380. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v8i1.17439
   Google Scholar
• Syahid, A., Sudana, D., & Bachari, A. D. (2023). Cyberbullying on social media in Indonesia and its legal impact: Analysis of language use in ethnicity, religious, racial, and primordial issues. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 13(8), 1938–1946. https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1308.09
   Google Scholar
• Triatmanto, B., & Bawono, S. (2023). The interplay of corruption, human capital, and unemployment in Indonesia: Implications for economic development. Journal of Economic Criminology, 2, 100031. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconc.2023.100031
   Google Scholar
• Usman, J., & Yusuf, Y. Q. (2020). The dehumanizing metaphors in the culture of Acehnese in Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 10(2), 397–405. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v10i2.28611
   Google Scholar
• Valtorta, R. R., Baldissarri, C., Andrighetto, L., & Volpato, C. (2019). Dirty jobs and dehumanization of workers. The British Journal of Social Psychology, 58(4), 955–970. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12315
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vermenych, Y. (2021). Multimodal metaphor patterns in documentaries about plastic pollution. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 11(8), 878–883. https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1108.02
   Google Scholar
• Willard, N. E. (2007). Cyberbullying and cyberthreats: Responding to the challenge of online social aggression, threats, and distress. Research Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wu, G. (2018). Official websites as a tourism marketing medium: A contrastive analysis from the perspective of appraisal theory. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 10(March), 164–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2018.09.004
   Google Scholar
• Zappavigna, M. (2012). Discourse of Twitter and social media. Bloomsbury.
   Google Scholar