Determination of heavy metal concentration in soils used for cultivation of Allium sativum L. (garlic) in East Gojjam Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

References

• Haliru, H.A.; Ling, L.P.; Suhaiza, S.O. Heavy Metal Concentration Levels in Soil at Lake Geriyo Irrigation Site, Yola, Adamawa State, North Eastern Nigeria. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2014, 2, 106–111. doi:10.11648/j.ijema.20140202.17.10.11648/j.ijema.20140202.17
   Google Scholar
• Keesstra, S.D.; Geissen, V.; Mosse, K.; Piiranen, S.; Scudiero, E.; Leistra, M., Schaik, L.V. Soil as a Filter for Groundwater Quality. Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain. 2012, 4 (5), 507–516. doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2012.10.00710.1016/j.cosust.2012.10.007
   Google Scholar
• Keesstra, S.D.; Bouma, J.; Wallinga, J.; Tittonell, P.; Smith, P.; Cerdà, A.; Montanarella, L.; Quinton, J.N.; Pachepsky, Y.; Putten, W.H.V.; Bardgett, R.D.; Moolenaar, S.; Mol, G.; Jansen, B.; Fresco, L.O. The Significance of Soils and Soil Science Towards Realization of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Soil. 2016, 2, 111–128. doi:10.5194/soil-2-111-2016.
   Google Scholar
• Moor, C.; Lymberopoulou, T.; Dietrich, V.K. Determination of Heavy Metals in Soils, Sediments and Geological Materials by ICP- AES and ICP-MS. Mikrochim. Acta. 2001, 136, 123–128.10.1007/s006040170041
   Google Scholar
• Kabir, E.; Ray, S.; Kim, K.H.; Yoon, H.O.; Jeon, E.H.; Kim, Y.S.; Cho, Y.S.; Yun, S.T.; Brown, R.J.C. Current Status of Trace Metal Pollution in Soils Affected by Industrial Activities. Sci. World J. 2012, 1–18. doi:10.1100/2012/91670510.1100/2012/916705
   Google Scholar
• Rodrigo-Comino, J.; Brings, C.; Iserloh, T. Temporal Changes in Soil Water Erosion on Sloping Vineyards in the Ruwer-Mosel Valley. The Impact of Age and Plantation Works in Young and Old Vines. J. Hydrol. Hydromech. 2017, 65 (4), 402–409. doi:10.1515/johh-2017-0022
   Google Scholar
• Rodrigo-Comino, J.; Cerdà, A. Improving Stock Unearthing Method to Measure Soil Erosion Rates in Vineyards. Ecol. Indic. 2018, 85, 509–517. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.10.042.
   Google Scholar
• Bazrafshan, E.; Mohammadi, L.; Ansari-Moghaddam, A.; Mahvi, A.H. Heavy Metals Removal from Aqueous Environments by Electrocoagulation Process– A Systematic Review. J. Environ. Health Sci. Eng. 2015, 13, 74, 1–16. doi:10.1186/s40201-015-0233-8
   Google Scholar
• Inobeme, A.; Ajai, A.I.; Iyaka, Y.A.; Ndamitso, M.; Uwem, B. 2014. Determination of Physicochemical and Heavy Metal Content of Soil Around Paint Industries in Kaduna. Int. J. Sci. Technol. Res. 2014, 3 (8), 221–225.
   Google Scholar
• Ukpong, E.C.; Antigha, R.E.; Moses, E.O. Assessment of Heavy Metals Content in Soils and Plants Around Waste Dumpsites in Uyo Metropolis, Akwa Ibom State. The IJES. 2013, 2 (7), 75–86.
   Google Scholar
• Tutic, A.; Novakovic, S.; Lutovac, M.; Biocanin, R.; Ketin, S.; Omerovic, N. The Heavy Metals in Agrosystems and Impact on Health and Quality of Life. Maced. J. Med. Sci. 2015, 3 (2), 345–355. doi:10.3889/oamjms.2015.048.
   Google Scholar
• Steffana, J.J.; Brevika, E.C.; Burgess, L.C.; Cerda, A. The Effect of Soil on Human Health: an Overview. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 2017, 1–13. doi:10.1111/ejss.12451.
   Google Scholar
• Nwaogu, L.A.; Ujowundu, C.O.; Iheme, C.I.; Ezejiofor, T.N.I.; Belonwu, D.C. Effect of Sublethal Concentration of Heavy Metal Contamination on Soil Physicochemical Properties, Catalase and Dehydrogenase Activities. Int. J. Biochem Res. Rev. 2014, 4 (2), 141–149. doi:10.9734/IJBCRR/2014/6341.
   Google Scholar
• Hu, B., Jia, X.; Hu, J.; Xu, D.; Xia, F.; Li, Y. Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution and Health Risks in the Soil-Plant-Human System in the Yangtze River Delta, China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2017, 14 (9), 1042: 1–18. doi:10.3390/ijerph14091042
   Google Scholar
• Akpoveta, O.V.; Osakwe, S.A.; Okoh, B.E.; Otuya, B.O. Physicochemical Characteristics and Levels of Some Heavy Metals in Soils Around Metal Scrap Dumps in Some Parts of Delta State, Nigeria. J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage. 2010, 14 (4), 576–660.
   Google Scholar
• Oves, M.; Saghir, K.M.; Huda, Q.A.; Nadeen, F.M.; Almeelbi, T. Heavy Metals: Biological Importance and Detoxification Strategies. J. Bioremediat. Biodegrad. 2016, 7 (2), 1–15. doi:10.4172/2155-6199.1000334.
   Google Scholar
• Rakesh, S.M.; Raju, N.S. Correlation of Heavy Metal Contamination with Soil Properties of Industrial Areas of Mysore, Karnataka, India by Cluster Analysis. Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. 2013, 2 (10), 22–27.
   Google Scholar
• Shaapera, U.; Nnamonu, L.A.; Eneji, I.S. Assessment of Heavy Metals in Rana esculenta Organs from River Guma, Benue State Nigeria. Am. J. Anal. Chem. 2013, 4 (09), 496–500. doi:10.4236/ajac.2013.49063.
   Google Scholar
• Karuppiah, P.; Rajaram, S. Antibacterial Effect of Allium sativum Cloves and Zingiber officinale Rhizomes Against Multiple-drug Resistant Clinical Pathogens. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed. 2012, 2 (8), 597–601. doi:10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60104-X.
   Google Scholar
• Diriba, S.G.; Kebede, W.; Nigussie, D.R.; Getachew, T.; Sharma, J.J. Postharvest Quality and Shelf Life of Garlic Bulb as Influenced by Storage Season, Soil Type and Different Compound Fertilizers. J. Postharvest. Technol. 2013, 1 (1), 69–83.
   Google Scholar
• Wodaje, A.; Alemayehu, A. Levels of Essential and Non-essential Metals in Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Samples Collected from Different Locations of East Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia. JoMCCT, 2014, 5 (3), 10–19.
   Google Scholar
• Pujar, K.G.; Hiremath, S.C.; Pujar, A.S.; Pujeri, U.S.; Yadawe, M.S. Analysis of Physico-Chemical and Heavy Metal Concentration in Soil of Bijapur Taluka, Karnataka. Sci. Revs. Chem. Commu. 2012, 2 (1), 76–79.
   Google Scholar
• Tripathi, I.P.; Dwivedi, A.P. Heav Metal Analysis of Soil Samples Collected from in and Around Satna. IJIRR. 2015, 2 (3), 516–520.
   Google Scholar
• Prichard, E.; Barwick, V. Quality Assurance in Analytical Chemistry. John Wiley and Sons: New York, ISBN 978-0131291928, 2007, pp 86–88
   Google Scholar
• Mitra, S. Sample Preparation Techniques in Analytical Chemistry. John Wiley and sons, Inc.: Hoboken, 2003, pp 162, 6–244.
   Google Scholar
• Javed, I.; William, A.C.; Shelly, L.C.; Theegala, C.S. Metals Determination in Biodiesel (B100) by ICP-OES with Microwave Assisted Acid Digestion. Open Anal. Chem. J. 2010, 4, 18–26. doi:10.2174/1874065001004010018.
   Google Scholar
• USEPA. Method 200.9: Trace Elements in Water, Solids, and Biosolids by Stabilized Temperature Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Revision 3.0, EPA-821-R-01-011. Washington, D.C., 2001.
   Google Scholar
• USEPA. National Functional Guidelines for Inorganic Superfund: Data Review. USEPA- 540-R10-011, Washington, D.C., 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Uwah, E.I.; Gimba, M.S.; Gwaski, P.A. Determination of Zn, Mn, Fe and Cu in Spinach and Lettuce Cultivated in Potiskum, Yobe State, Nigeria. J. Agri. Econo. Develo. 2012, 1 (4), 69–74.
   Google Scholar
• Christian, G.D. Analytical Chemistry, 6th ed.; John Wiley and Sons: New York, ISBN 0-471451622, 2003; p 128.
   Google Scholar
• Harvey, D. Modern Analytical Chemistry, 1st ed.; McGraw-Hill, Depauw University: USA, ISBN 0-072375477, 2000, pp 709.
   Google Scholar
• Ararso, N.; Alemayeh, A. Determination of Selected Essential and Non-essential Metals in the Stems and Leaves of Rhamnus prinoides (gesho). Sci. Technol. Arts Res. J. 2013, 2 (4), 20–36. doi:10.4314/star.v214.5.
   Google Scholar
• Pendias, A.K.; Pendias, H. Elements of Group Viii. In Trace Elements in Soils and Plants. CRC Press: Boca Raton, 1992, pp 271–276.
   Google Scholar
• FAO/WHO (Codex Alimentarius Commission). Food Additives and Contaminants. Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Program, ALINORM 01/12A, 2001; pp 1–289.
   Google Scholar
• Ewers, U. Standards, Guidelines and Legislative Regulations Concerning Metals and Their Compounds. In Metals and Their Compounds in the Environment: Occurrence: Merian, E., Ed.; Analysis and Biological Relevance, VCH: Weinheim, 1991; pp 458–468.
   Google Scholar