References
- Stevens DL, Bryant AE, Goldstein EJ. Necrotizing soft tissue infections. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2021;35(1):135–155.
- Glass GE, Sheil F, Ruston JC, et al. Necrotising soft tissue infection in a UK metropolitan population. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2015;97(1):46–51.
- Khamnuan P, Chongruksut W, Jearwattanakanok K, et al. Necrotizing fasciitis: epidemiology and clinical predictors for amputation. Int J Gen Med. 2015;8:195–202.
- Rogers PJ, Lewis BM, Odak M, et al. Spontaneous necrotizing fasciitis. Cureus. 2020;12(12):e11880.
- Burnham JP, Kollef MH. Treatment of severe skin and soft tissue infections: a review. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2018;31(2):113–119.
- Yadav P, Pandhi D, Singal A. Benign subcutaneous emphysema following punch skin biopsy. J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2013;6(3):171–172.
- Flores-Franco RA, Baranda-Márquez MA, Salas-Solorio LA. Enfisema subcutáneo benigno recurrente de las extremidades superiores en una adolescente [benign recurrent subcutaneous emphysema of the upper limbs in a teenager]. Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc. 2019;56(6):566–569.
- Klein M, Szkrabko SR, Martín J, et al. Enfisema subcutáneo en mano y antebrazo por aire comprimido [subcutaneous emphysema of hand and forearm due to high-pressure injection of air. Medicina (B Aires). 2003;63(6):721–723. ].
- Russell PG, Smith M. Subcutaneous emphysema following the use of a high-pressure water jet. Br J Plast Surg. 2001;54(1):87–88.
- Karahan N, Oztermeli A. Subcutaneous emphysema or necrotizing fasciitis after insect bite? Trauma Case Rep. 2020;29:100353.
- Onwochei VE, Kelly ME, Lyons R, et al. Benign subcutaneous emphysema: a case report with bite. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2015;9:89–91.
- Rabiul Islam SM, Mamman KG, Pande KC. Benign subcutaneous emphysema of the upper limb: a case Report. Malays Orthop J. 2016;10(3):39–41. Nov
- Tiong WH, Butt FS. Subcutaneous emphysema of the upper extremity following penetrating blackthorn injury to the wrist. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2009;62(2):e29–e32. Feb
- Fox A, Sheick H, Ekwobi C, et al. Benign surgical emphysema of the hand and upper limb: gas is not always gangrene – a report of two cases. Emerg Med J. 2007;24(11):798–799.
- De M, Stevenson J. Subcutaneous emphysema of upper limb. Emerg Med J. 2001;18(6):522.
- Van der Molen AB, Birndorf M, Dzwierzynski WW, et al. Subcutaneous tissue emphysema of the hand secondary to noninfectious etiology: a report of two cases. J Hand Surg Am. 1999;24(3):638–641.
- Mack JA, Woo SL, Haase SC. Noninfectious subcutaneous emphysema of the upper extremity. J Hand Surg Am. 2015;40(6):1233–1236.
- De Roeck L, Van Assche L, Verhoeven V, et al. Progressive subcutaneous emphysema of unknown origin: a surgical dilemma. Acta Chir Belg. 2019;119(4):251–253. Aug
- Takazawa K, et al. Clinical features of non-clostridial gas gangrene and risk factors for in-hospital mortality. Toka J Exp Clin Med. 2015; 40(3):124–129.
- Wong CH, Khin LW, Heng KS, et al. The LRINEC (laboratory risk indicator for necrotizing fasciitis) score: a tool for distinguishing necrotizing fasciitis from other soft tissue infections. Crit Care Med. 2004;32(7):1535–1541.
- Bechar J, Sepehripour S, Hardwicke J, et al. Laboratory risk indicator for necrotising fasciitis (LRINEC) score for the assessment of early necrotising fasciitis: a systematic review of the literature. Annals. 2017;99(5):341–346.
- Takahira N, Shindo M, Tanaka K, et al. Treatment outcome of nonclostridial gas gangrene at a level 1 trauma center. J Orthop Trauma. 2002;16(1):12–17.
- Shaw JJ, Psoinos C, Emhoff TA, et al. Not just full of hot air: hyperbaric oxygen therapy increases survival in cases of necrotizing soft tissue infections. Surg Infect. 2014;15(3):328–335.
- Hu N, Wu X-H, Liu R, et al. Novel application of vacuum sealing drainage with continuous irrigation of potassium permanganate for managing infective wounds of gas gangrene. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci. 2015;35(4):563–568.
- Nelson GE, Pondo T, Toews KA, et al. Epidemiology of invasive group a streptococcal infections in the United States, 2005-2012. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;63(4):478–486.
- Stevenson J. Sucking wounds of the limbs. Injury. 1995;26(3):151–153.
- Rothenberger J, Held M, Jaminet P, et al. Benigne subkutane Emphysembildung durch einen Falten-Blasebalg-Mechanismus der ersten Zwischenfingerfalte [benign subcutaneous emphysema caused by a bellows mechanism of the first interdigital space]. Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir. 2013;45(5):311–313.
- Yilmaz F, Köse Ö, Erol E. High-Pressure injection injuries to the hand: a case report. Anal Med. 2020;11(3):242–244.
- Koufagued K, Chafry B, Benyass Y, et al. Munchausen syndrome revealed by subcutaneous limb emphysema: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2015;9:172.