Education policy in South Korea: A contemporary model of human capital accumulation?

References

• Asian Development Bank. (2015). Women in the workforce: An unmet potential in Asia and Pacific. Mandaluyong: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Bank of Korea. (2012, July). Impact and implication of expanding overseas production by Korean companies ( The Bank of Korea Economic Review, number 2012–4).
   Google Scholar
• Bank of Korea. (2017, March 15). Household credits in Q4 2016. Economic Statistics Department. Retrieved from http://eng.bok.or.kr
   Google Scholar
• Becker, G. S. (1975). Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education (2nd ed.). New York, NY: National Bureau of Economic Research.
   Google Scholar
• Bowles, S., & Gintis, H. (1975). The problem with human capital theory: A Marxian critique. American Economic Review, 65(2), 74–82.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bray, M. (2007). The shadow education system: Private tutoring and its implications for planners. Paris: International Institute for Educational Planning, UNESCO.
   Google Scholar
• Bray, M., & Lykins, C. (2012). Shadow education: Private supplementary tutoring and its implications for policy makers in Asia (No. 9). Mandaluyong: Asian Development Bank.
   Google Scholar
• Chiang, M. H. (2016, July 14). Chaebol’s role in South Korea’s economic development (EAI Background Brief No. 1153). Retrieved from http://www.eai.nus.edu.sg/publications/files/BB1153.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Cho, J. Y. (2016, December 5). Korean startups, venture firms grow quantitatively as well as qualitatively. Business Korea. Retrieved from http://www.businesskorea.co.kr/english/news/smestartups/16680-never-able-stop-cover-story-4-korean-startups-venture-firms-grow
   Google Scholar
• Chung, H. C. (2017, January 9). 83% of five-year-olds receive private tutoring. Retrieved from http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/common/vpage-pt.asp?categorycode=116&newsidx=221663
   Google Scholar
• Gale, W., Harris, B., Renaud, B., & Rodihan, K. (2014). Student loans rising: An overview of causes, consequences, and policy options. Washington, DC: Urban-Brookings Tax Policy Center. Retrieved from http://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/22591/413123-Student-Loans-Rising.PDF.
   Google Scholar
• Halal, W., Kolber, J., & Davies, O. (2017). Forecasts of AI and future jobs in 2030: Muddling through likely, with two alternative scenarios. Journal of Futures Studies, 21(2), 83–96. Retrieved from http://jfsdigital.org/2016-2/vol-21-no-2-dec-2016/
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung, S. Y. (2017, March 17). Conglomerates to remove ‘creative’ trace at creative economy & innovation centers. Business Korea. Retrieved from http://www.businesskorea.co.kr/english/news/insight/17556-fading-history-conglomerates-remove-%E2%80%98creative%E2%80%99-trace-creative-economy-innovation
   Google Scholar
• KEF. (2016, December 21). CEO survey on economic outlook 2017. Retrieved from http://www.kefplaza.com/kef/kef_eng_intro_6_1.jsp?num=8869&pageNum=0
   Google Scholar
• KEF. (2017, March 3). KEF recommendations for wage adjustment 2017. Retrieved from http://www.kefplaza.com/kef/kef_eng_intro_6_1.jsp?num=9209&pageNum=0
   Google Scholar
• Kim, B. R. (2016, July). The problem of entrance exam-oriented education and its solution plans in Korea. Third Asia Pacific Conference on Advanced Research (APCAR), Melbourne. Retrieved from http://apiar.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/11_APCAR_July_BRR7131_EDU-229-236.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Kim, H. J. (2000, May 24). Korea’s obsession with private tutoring. Korea Focus. Retrieved from http://koreafocus.or.kr/design1/layout/content_print.asp?group_id=1109
   Google Scholar
• Kim, J. H., & Park, D. (2010). The determinants of demand for private tutoring in South Korea. Asia Pacific Education Review, 11(3), 411–421.10.1007/s12564-009-9067-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, K. R. (2017, March 5). Is the South Korean economy in an “absolute crisis?”. The Hankyoreh. Retrieved from March 16, 2017, http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_business/785121.html
   Google Scholar
• Kim, Y. C. (Ed.). (2016). Good and bad effects of Hakwon education. In Shadow education and the curriculum and culture of schooling in South Korea (pp. 153–176). New YorK, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.10.1057/978-1-137-51324-3
   Google Scholar
• KOSIS. (2017). Summary of economically active pop. by gender. Retrieved from http://kosis.kr/eng/statisticsList/statisticsList_01List.jsp?vwcd=MT_ETITLE&parentId=B#SubCont
   Google Scholar
• Kremer, M. (1993). Population growth and technological change: One million B.C. to 1990. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 108(3), 681–716.10.2307/2118405
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KVCA. (2017). Summary report (2016. 4Q). KVCA statistics. Retrieved from http://www.kvca.or.kr/en/Program/summary_report/list.html?a_gb=eng&a_cd=4&a_item=0&sm=4_3
   Google Scholar
• Lee, C. (2015, July 26). Youth unemployment rate in Korea reaches highest in 15 years. The Korea Herald. Retrieved from http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20150726000328
   Google Scholar
• Lee, J. H., Jeong, H., & Hong, S. C. (2014). Is Korea number one in human capital accumulation: Education bubble formation and its labor market evidence ( KDI School Working Paper Series, Working Paper 14-03).
   Google Scholar
• Lee, S., & Brinton, M. C. (1996). Elite education and social capital: The case of South Korea. Sociology of Education, 69(3), 177–192.10.2307/2112728
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucas, R. (1988). On the mechanics of economic development. Journal of Monetary Economics, 22(1), 3–42.10.1016/0304-3932(88)90168-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mankiw, N. G., Romer, D., & Weil, D. (1992). A contribution to the empirics of economic growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107(2), 407–437.10.2307/2118477
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKinsey & Company. (2013). Beyond Korean style: Shaping a new growth formula. Retrieved from http://www.mckinsey.com/global-themes/asia-pacific/beyond-korean-style
   Google Scholar
• McMahon, W. (2010). The external benefits of education. In P. Peterson, E. Baker, & B. McGaw (Eds.), International encyclopedia of education (pp. 260–271). Elsevier.10.1016/B978-0-08-044894-7.01226-4
   Google Scholar
• OECD. (2015). Suicide. In Health at a glance 2015: OECD indicators. Paris: Author.
   Google Scholar
• OECD. (2016a). OECD employment outlook 2016. Paris: Author. Retrieved from http://www.oecd.org/els/oecd-employment-outlook-19991266.htm
   Google Scholar
• OECD. (2016b). Economic surveys: Korea. Paris: Author. Retrieved from http://www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/Korea-2016-OECD-economic-survey-overview.pdf
   Google Scholar
• OECD. (2016c). Education at a glance 2016: OECD indicators. Paris: Author. doi:10.1787/eag-2016-en
   Google Scholar
• OECD. (2016d). PISA 2015 results (Volume I): Excellence and equity in education. Paris: OECD Publishing. doi:10.1787/9789264266490-en.
   Google Scholar
• OECD. (2017a). Suicide rates (indicator). Paris: Author. doi:10.1787/a82f3459-en
   Google Scholar
• OECD. (2017b). Population with tertiary education (indicator). Paris: Author. doi:10.1787/0b8f90e9-en
   Google Scholar
• Park, D. H., & Shin, K. H. (2012). Performance of the service sector in Korea: An empirical investigation (Working Paper 12-20). Peterson Institute for international Economics. Retrieved from https://piie.com/publications/wp/wp12-20.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Park, H. S. (2016, January). Korea’s Next Big Manufacturing Leap: Innovation Based on Culture, Creative Workforce, and Technology. POSCO Research Institute. Asian Steel Watch. Retrieved from https://www.posri.re.kr/files/file_pdf/59/34/6466/59_34_6466_file_pdf_1453857375.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Park, Y. (2016). A Microdata Analysis of the Gender Pay Gap in South Korea: How do social norms and gender role attitudes affect the labor force participation of Korean women? Senior Projects Spring 2016. Paper 329. Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.bard.edu/senproj_s2016/329
   Google Scholar
• Park, Y. S. (2016, August 11). Can South Korea deliver a second economic miracle? East Asia Forum. Retrieved from http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2016/08/11/can-south-korea-deliver-a-second-economic-miracle/
   Google Scholar
• Phan, T. H., & Jeong, J. Y. (2013). The development of Korea’s service industry from a global historical perspective. International Area Studies Review, 16(2), 184–205.10.1177/2233865913486471
   Google Scholar
• Romer, P. (1990). Endogenous technological change. Journal of Political Economy, 98(5, Part 2), S71–S102.10.1086/261725
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saner, M., & Wallach, W. (2015). Technological unemployment, AI, and workplace standardization: The convergence argument. Journal of Evolution and Technology, 25(1), 74–80. Retrieved from http://jetpress.org/v25.1/sanerwallach.htm
   Google Scholar
• Shin, H. G. (2013, April 28). Education arms race is bankrupting Korea. The Korea Times. Retrieved from http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2016/10/357_134735.html
   Google Scholar
• So, K., & Kang, J. (2014). Curriculum reform in Korea: Issues and challenges for twenty-first century learning. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 23(4), 795–803.10.1007/s40299-013-0161-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solow, R. M. (1956). A contribution to the theory of economic growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70(1), 65–94.10.2307/1884513
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spring, J. (2014). Globalization of education: An introduction. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Statistics Korea. (2016). Private education expenditures survey in 2015. Retrieved from http://kostat.go.kr/portal/eng/pressReleases/1/index.board?bmode=read&aSeq=352520
   Google Scholar
• Statistics Korea. (2017). Economically active population survey in February 2017. Retrieved from http://kostat.go.kr/portal/eng/pressReleases/5/2/index.board
   Google Scholar
• Weisbrod, B. A. (1962). Education and investment in human capital. Journal of Political Economy, 70(5, Part 2), 106–123.10.1086/258728
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodhall, M., Hernes, G., & Beeby, C. E. (2004). Cost-benefit analysis in educational planning (4th ed.). Paris: International Institute for Educational Planning, UNESCO.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2017). World health statistics: Monitoring health for the SDG. Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/255336/1/9789241565486-eng.pdf?ua=1
   Google Scholar
• Yoo, K. B., Park, E. C., Jang, S. Y., Kwon, J. A., Kim, S. J., Cho, K. H., … Park, S. (2016). Association between employment status change and depression in Korean adults. British Medical Journal Open, 6(3), e008570.10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008570
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar