References
- Aldana, S. G., Sutton, L. D., Jacobson, B. H., & Quirk, M. G. (1996). Relationship between leisure-time physical activity and perceived stress. Perceptual Motor Skills, 82(1), 315–15. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1996.82.1.315
- Al-Hazzaa, H. M. (2006). Health-enhancing physical activity among Saudi adults using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Public Health Nutrition, 10(1), 59–64. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980007184299
- Alston, M., & Bowles, W. (2003). Research for caring professions: An introduction to methods. Routledge.
- Baird, B. M., Lucas, R. E., & Donnellan, M. B. (2010). Life satifaction across the lifespan: Findings from two nationally representative panel studies. Social Indicators Research, 99(2), 183–203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-010-9584-9
- Baştuğ, G., & Duman, S. (2010). Examining life satisfaction level depending on physical activity in Turkish and German societies. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2010), 4892–4895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.790
- Bateman, L. P. (2014). Relationships between life satisfaction, symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsitivity and depressive symptoms in high school students [Dissertation – PhD, University of South Florida].
- Bechtold, T. (2004). Predictors of life satisfaction amond private liberal arts college and university faculty [Dissertation – PhD, Clemson University].
- Berlin, J. E., Storti, K. L., & Brach, J. S. (2006). Using activity monitors to measure physical activity in free-living conditions. Journal of Physical Therapy, 86(8), 1137–1145. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/86.8.1137
- Biddle, J. H., & Asare, M. (2011). Physical activity and mental health in children and adolescents: A review of reviews. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 45, 886–895. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2011-090185
- Blunch, N. J. (2008). Introduction to structural equation modelling using SPSS and Amos. SAGE.
- Booth, M. (2000). Assessment of physical activity: An international perspective. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 71(2), 114–120. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2000.11082794
- Brighetti, G., Mazzoli, C., Marinelli, N., & Nucifora, V. (2010). Risk tolerance in financial decision making. Retrieved November 1, 2018, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228906279_Risk_tolerance_in_financial_decision_making/download
- Brosse, A. L., Sheets, E. S., Lett, H. S., & Blumenthal, J. A. (2002). Exercise and the treatment of clinical depression in adults. Sports Medicine, 32, 741–760. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200232120-00001
- Brown, S., Taylor, K., & Price, S. W. (2005). Debt and distress: Evaluating the psychological cost of credit. Journal of Economic Psychology, 26(5), 642–663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2005.01.002
- Campara, J. P., Vieira, K. M., & Potrich, A. C. G. (2017). Overall life satisfaction and financial well-being: Revealing the perceptions of the beneficiaries of the bolsa família program. Brazilian Journal of Public Administration, 51(2), 182–200.
- Carr, N. (2014). Reassessing the assessment: Exploring the factors that contribute to comprehensive financial risk evaluation [Dissertation – PhD, Kansas State University].
- Chaddock, L., Voss, M. W., & Kramer, A. F. (2012). Physical activity and fitness effects on cognition and brain health in children and older adults. Kinesiology Review, 1, 37–45. https://doi.org/10.1123/krj.1.1.37
- Chen, P., & Finke, M. S. (1996). Negative net worth and the life cycle hypothesis. Financial Counseling and Planning, 7(1), 87–96.
- Cox, A., Hooker, H., Marwick, C., & Reilly, P. (2009). Financial wellbeing in the workplace. Retrieved January 9, 2019, from http://www.employment-studies.co.uk/pubs/summary.php?id=464
- Davtyan, A. 2010. College students and personal finance: Exploring the relationships among financial well-being, money management practices, and engagement in personal finance education [Dissertation – PhD, University of California].
- De Coning, J. A. (2016). Does good pay compensate for a dissatisfying job? The relationship between gross wage, wage satisfaction, job satisfaction and life satisfaction [Mini-dissertation – Masters, North-West University].
- De Oliveira, E. P., Xiao, J. J., Limongi-França, A. C., Ricardo, S. C., & Pereira, G. S. R. (2017). Financial wellbeing and quality of work life in Brazilian government organization. Retrieved August 17, 2018, from http://login.semead.com.br/20semead/arquivos/1395.pdf
- Dhurup, M. (2012). A dimensional analysis of the benefits derived from physical activity participation among university students and variation in terms of gender. African Journal for Physical Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 18(3), 614–627.
- Dickason, Z., & Ferreira, S. (2018). Establishing a link between risk tolerance investor personality and behavioural finance in South Africa. Cogent Economics & Finance, 6(1519898), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2018.1519898
- Dickason, Z., & Ferreira, S. (2019). Risk tolerance: The influence of gender and life satisfaction. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, 11(1), 66–72. https://doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v11i1(J).2749
- Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American Psychologist, 55(2000), 34–43. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.34
- Diener, E. (2012). New findings and future directions for subjective well-being research. American Psychologist, 67(8), 590–597. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029541
- Diener, E., & Biswas-Diener, R. (2002). Will money increase subjective well-being? A literature review and guide to needed research. Social Indicators Research, 57, 119–169. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014411319119
- Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71–75. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
- Diener, E., & Ryan, K. (2009). Subjective well-being: A general overview. South African Journal of Psychology, 34(4), 391–406. https://doi.org/10.1177/008124630903900402
- Drentea, P. (2000). Age, debt, and anxiety. Journal of Health and Social Behaviour, 41(4), 437–450. https://doi.org/10.2307/2676296
- Dunn, A. L., Trivedi, M. H., & O’Neal, H. A. (2001). Physical activity dose response effects on outcome of depression and anxiety. Medicine and Science in Sports Exercise, 33, 587–597. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200106001-00027
- Fox, K. R. (1999). The influence of physical activity on mental well-being. Public Health Nutrition, 2, 411–418. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980099000567
- Gabriel, K. K. P., Morrow, J. R., & Woolsey, A. T. (2012). Framework for physical activity as a complex and multidimensional behavior. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 9(1), 11–18. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.9.s1.s11
- Grable, J. (1997). Investor risk tolerance: Testing the efficacy of demographics as differentiating and classifying factors [Thesis – PhD, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University].
- Grable, J. (2000). Financial risk tolerance and additional factors that affect risk taking in everyday money matters. Journal of Business and Psychology, 14(4), 625–630. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022994314982
- Grable, J. (2018). Another look at risk-profiling. Journal of Financial Service Professionals, 72(3), 18–21.
- Grable, J., & Joo, S. (2004). Environmental and biopsychosocial factors associated with financial risk tolerance. Financial Counseling and Planning, 15(1), 73–82.
- Grable, J., & Joo, S. (2006). Student racial differences in credit card debt and financial behaviors and stress. College Student Journal, 40, 400–409.
- Grable, J., & Lytton, R. H. (1999). Financial risk tolerance revisited: The development of a risk assessment instrument. Financial Services Review, 8(3), 163–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1057-0810(99)00041-4
- Grable, J., Roszkowski, M., Joo, S., O’Neill, B., & Lytton, R. (2009). A test of the relationship between self-classified financial risk-tolerance and investment risk-taking behaviour. International Journal of Risk Assessment and Management, 12(2), 396–419. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJRAM.2009.025929
- Gutter, M., & Copur, Z. (2011). Financial behaviors and financial well-being of college students: Evidence from a national survey. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 32(4), 699–714. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-011-9255-2
- Hagströmer, M., Oja, P., & Sjöström, M. (2006). The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ): A study of concurrent and construct validity. Public Health Nutrition, 9(6), 755–762. https://doi.org/10.1079/PHN2005898
- Hallal, P. C., Andersen, L. B., Bull, F., Guthold, R., Haskell, W., & Ekelund, U. (2012). Global physical activity levels: Surveillance progress, pitfalls, and prospects. The Lancet, 380, 247–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60646-1
- Hayhoe, C. R., & Wilhelm, M. S. (1998). Modeling perceived economic well-being in a family setting: A gender perspective. Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning, 9(1), 21–34.
- Heaton, J. (2003). Secondary data analysis. In R. Miller & J. Brewer (Eds.), The A-Z of social research (pp. 285–288). SAGE Publications Limited.
- Jansen van Vuren, F. (2015). The impact of personal financial wellbeing on total employee cost [Dissertation – Mcom, North-West University].
- Joo, S. (2008). Personal financial wellness. In J. J. Xiao (Ed.), Handbook of consumer finance research. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-75734-6_2.
- Joo, S., & Grable, J. E. (2004). An exploratory framework of the determinants of financial satisfaction. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 25(1), 25–50. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JEEI.0000016722.37994.9f
- Krueger, A. B., & Schkade, D. A. (2008). The reliability of subjective well-being measures. Journal of Public Economics, 92(2008), 1833–1845. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2007.12.015
- Lea, S., Webley, P., & Walker, C. (1995). Psychological factors in consumer debt: Money management, economic socialization, and credit use. Journal of Economic Psychology, 16, 691–701. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4870(95)00013-4
- Mabalane, M. D. (2015). Cultural and demographic differences in financial risk tolerance [Dissertation – Masters].
- Mae, S. (2009). How undergraduate students use credit cards. Retrieved 18 March, 2019, from http://www.salliemae.com/NR/rdonlyres/0BD600Fl-9377-46EA-ABlF-6061FC763246/10744/SLMCreditCardUsageStudy41309FINAL2.pdf
- Mafini, C.2015. Socio-economic drivers of life satisfaction: A comparative study of low income groups in Southern Gauteng [Thesis – PhD, North-West University].
- Malema, M. J. (2018). Leisure needs and constraints of deaf adults in the North West Province [Dissertation – Masters, North-West University].
- Malone, K., Stewart, S. D., Wilson, J., & Korsching, P. F. (2010). Perceptions of financial well-being among American women in diverse families. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 31(2010), 63–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-009-9176-5
- Marx, J., De Beer, J. S., Mpofu, R. T., & Mynhardt, R. H. (2013). Investment management: An introduction (6th ed.). Van Schaik.
- Meyer, D. F., & Dunga, S. H. (2014). The determinants of life satisfaction in a low-income, poor community in South Africa. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(13), 163–171.
- Mueller, R. O. (1996). Basic principles of structural equation modelling: An introduction to LISREL and EQS. Springer.
- Neuman, W. L. (2003). Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches (5th ed.). Allyn & Bacon.
- Nobre, L. H. N., & Grable, J. E. (2015). The role of risk profiles and risk tolerance in shaping client investment decisions. Journal of Financial Service Professionals, 69(3), 18–21.
- Norvilitis, J. M., & MacLean, M. G. (2010). The role of parents in college students’ financial behaviors and attitudes. Journal of Economic Psychology, 31(1), 55–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2009.10.003
- Pallant, J. (2013). A step by step guide to data analysis using IBM SPSS: Survival manual (5th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
- Porter, N. M. (1990). Testing a model of financial wellbeing [Thesis – PhD, Virginia Polythechnic Institute and State University]. https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-136-2-327
- Prawitz, A. D., Garman, T., Sorhaindo, B., O’Neill, B., Kim, J., & Drentea, P. (2006). InCharge financial distress/financial well-being scale: Development, administration, and score interpretation. Financial Counseling and Planning, 17(1), 34–50.
- Rath, T., Harter, J., & Harter, J. K. (2010). Wellbeing: The five essential elements. Gallup Press.
- Ritchie, J., & Lewis, J. (2003). Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers. SAGE.
- Ritchie, J., Lewis, J., Nicholls, C. M., & Ormston, R. (2013). Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers. Sage.
- Royse, D. (2004). Research methods in social work. Thomson Brooks/Cole.
- Salmon, P. (2001). Effects of physical exercise on anxiety, depression, and sensitivity to stress: A unifying theory. Clinical Psychology Review, 21, 33–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7358(99)00032-X
- Shim, S., Serido, J., & Xiao, J. (2009a). Arizona pathways to life success for university students: Cultivating positive financial attitudes and behaviors for healthy adulthood. Retrieved on July, 4, 2012.
- Shim, S., Xiao, J. J., Barber, B. L., & Lyons, A. (2009b). Pathways to life success: A conceptual model of financial well-being for young adults. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 30(6), 708–723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2009.02.003
- Skaal, H. T. (2015). Physical activity, health-related fitness and social correlated among adolescents: The PAHL study [Thesis – PhD, North-West University].
- Spann, S. M. (2014). Three essays on financial wellness in the workplace [Dissertation – PhD, Kansas State University].
- Strydom, H., & Delport, C. S. L. (2011). Information collection: Document study and secondary analysis. In A. S. De Vos (Ed.), Research at grass roots: For the social sciences and human service professions (4th ed., pp. 376–389). Van Schaik.
- Swart, J. P. (2011). Antecedents and outcomes of happiness of managers in the agricultural sector in South Africa [Thesis – PhD, North-West University].
- Taft, M. K., Hosein, Z. Z., Mehrizi, S. M. T., & Roshan, A. (2013). The relation between financial literacy, financial wellbeing and financial concerns. International Journal of Business and Management, 8(11), 63–75. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v8n11p63
- Thangavhuelelo, T. M. (2013). The relationship between leisure-time physical activity and psychological well-being in executive employees of selected African countries [Dissertation – Masters, North-West University].
- Van Oort, A. F. (2014). The relationship between habitual physical activity patterns of pregnant women and foetal growth parameters: a longitudinal study [Dissertation – Masters, North-West University].
- Vanguard. (2018). Investment risk and financial advice. Retrieved August 20, 2018, from https://www.vanguard.co.uk/documents/adv/literature/investor-risk-profiling.pdf
- Veenhoven, R. (2014). The overall satisfaction with life: Subjective approaches. In W. Glatzer, L. Camfield, V. Møller, & M. Rojas (Eds.), Global handbook of quality of life: Exploration of well-being of nations and continents (pp. 207–238). Springer Netherlands.
- Vera-Toscano, E., Ateca-Amestoy, V., & Serrano-Del-Rosal, R. (2006). Building financial satisfaction. Social Indicators Research, 77(2006), 211–243. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-005-2614-3
- Vosloo, W. (2014). The relationship between financial efficacy, satisfaction with remuneration and personal well-being [Dissertation – Mcom, North-West University].
- Walliman, N. (2006). Social research methods. SAGE.
- Warms, C. (2006). Physical activity measurement in persons with chronic and disabling conditions: Methods, issues and strategies. Journal of Family Community Health, 29(15), 78–88. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003727-200601001-00012
- Xiao, J. J., Tang, C., & Shim, S. (2009). Acting for happiness: Financial behavior and life satisfaction of college students. Social Indicators Research, 92(7), 53–68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-008-9288-6
- Yook, K. C., & Everett, R. (2003). Assesing risk tolerance: Questioning the questionnaire method. Journal of Financial Planning, 16(8), 48–55.