On the relation between government expenditure and revenue in South Africa: An empirical investigation in a nonlinear framework

References

• Afonso, A., & Rault, C. (2009). Spend-and-tax: A panel data investigation for the EU. CESifo Working Paper, No. 2705, 1-13. https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/30639/1/605747156.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Alm, J., & Embaye, A. (2013). Using panel methods to estimate shadow economies around the world, 1984–1986. Public Finance Review, 41(5), 510-543..
   Google Scholar
• Almasri, A., & Shukur, G. (2003). An illustration of the causality relation between government spending and revenue using wavelet analysis on Finnish data. Journal of Applied Statistics, 30(5), 571–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/0266476032000053682
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Athanasenas, A., Katrakilidis, C., & Trachanas, E. (2014). Government spending and revenues in the Greek economy: Evidence from nonlinear cointegration. Empirica, 41(2), 365–376. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10663-013-9221-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayodele, A., & Falokun, G. (2003). The Nigerian economy: Structure and pattern. Lagos University Printoteque Press.
   Google Scholar
• Baghestani, H., & McNown, R. (1994). Do revenues or expenditures respond to budgetary disequilibria? Southern Economic Journal, 61(2), 311–322. https://doi.org/10.2307/1059979
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barro, R. J. (1979). On the determination of the public debt. Journal of Political Economy, 87(5, Part 1), 940–971. https://doi.org/10.1086/260807
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brady, G. L., & Magazzino, C. (2019). Government expenditures and revenues in Italy in a long-run perspective. Journal of Quantitative Economics, 17(2), 361–375. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40953-019-00157-z
   Google Scholar
• Chang, T., & Ho, Y. H. (2002). A note on testing” tax-and-spend, spend-and-tax or fiscal synchronization”: The case of China. Journal of Economic Development, 27(1), 151–160 https://ideas.repec.org/a/jed/journl/v27y2002i1p151-160.html.
   Google Scholar
• Dalena, M., & Magazzino, C. (2012). Public expenditure and revenue in Italy, 1862–1993. Economic Notes, 41(3), 145–172. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0300.2012.00243.x
   Google Scholar
• Department of Finance, Republic of South Africa. (1996). Growth, employment and redistribution. A Macroeconomic Strategy. www.numsa.org.za.
   Google Scholar
• Ebrahim, A., Gcabo, R., Khumalo, L., & Pirttilä, J. (2019). Tax research in South Africa (No. 2019/9). WIDER Working Paper.
   Google Scholar
• Friedman, M. (1978). The limitations of tax limitation. Quadrant, 22(8), 22 https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=148513023132864;res=IELIAC.
   Google Scholar
• Hamilton, J. D. (1989). A new approach to the economic analysis of nonstationary time series and the business cycle. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 57(2), 357–384. https://doi.org/10.2307/1912559
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen, B. E., & Seo, B. (2002). Testing for two-regime threshold cointegration in vector error-correction models. Journal of Econometrics, 110(2), 293–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4076(02)00097-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho, Y., & Huang, C. (2009). Tax-spend, spend-tax, or fiscal synchronization: A panel analysis of the Chinese provincial real data. Journal of Economics and Management, 5(2), 257–272 http://www.academia.edu/download/34332899/06.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Hong, T. J. (2009). Tax-and-spend or spend-and-tax? Empirical evidence from Malaysia. Asian Academy of Management Journal of Accounting and Finance, 5(1), 107–115 http://web.usm.my/journal/aamjaf/Vol%205-1-2009/5-1-5.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Industrial Development Corporation. (2013). South Africa. http://www.idc.co.za
   Google Scholar
• Industrial Development Corporation. (2019). South Africa. http://www.idc.co.za
   Google Scholar
• Karlsson, H. K. (2019). Investigation of the time-dependent dynamics between government revenue and expenditure in China: A wavelet approach. Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, 25(2), 1–20 https://doi.org/10.1080/13547860.2019.1646573.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, X. (2001). Government revenue, government expenditure, and temporal causality: Evidence from China. Applied Economics, 33(4), 485–497. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840122982
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magazzino, C. (2014). The relationship between revenue and expenditure in the ASEAN countries. East Asia, 31(3), 203–221. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12140-014-9211-5
   Google Scholar
• Mahlakoana, T. (2018). Why skill miss match and joblessness stem from failed educational system Business live. www.businesslive.co.za/fm/features/2018-01-25-the-root-of-theschool-placement-problem
   Google Scholar
• Narayan, P. K. (2005). The government revenue and government expenditure nexus: Empirical evidence from nine Asian countries. Journal of Asian Economics, 15(6), 1203–1216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2004.11.007
   Google Scholar
• Nyamongo, M. E., Sichei, M. M., & Schoeman, N. J. (2007). Government revenue and expenditure nexus in South Africa. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 10(2), 256–269. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v10i2.586
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owoye, O. (1995). The causal relationship between taxes and expenditures in the G7 countries: Cointegration and error-correction models. Applied Economics Letters, 2(1), 19–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/135048595357744
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, W. K. (1998). Granger causality between government revenues and expenditures in Korea. Journal of Economic Development, 23(1), 145–155 http://www.jed.or.kr/full-text/23-1/park.PDF.
   Google Scholar
• Peacock, A. T., & Wiseman, J. (1979). Approaches to the analysis of government expenditure growth. Public Finance Quarterly, 7(1), 3–23. https://doi.org/10.1177/109114217900700101
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Republic of South Africa, Quarterly Bulletin (QB). (2017) South African Reserve Bank.
   Google Scholar
• Sanusi, K. A., & Akinlo, A. E. (2016). Investigating fiscal dominance in Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Development, 9(1), 125–131. https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v9n1p125
   Google Scholar
• Toda, H., & Yamamoto, T. (1995). Statistical Inference in Vector Autoregressions with Possibly Integrated Processes. Journal of Econometrics, 66(1–2), 225–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(94)01616-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tong, H. (1983). Threshold models in nonlinear time series analysis. Lecture Notes in Statistics, 21. https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9780387909189
   Google Scholar
• Wildavsky, A. B., & Caiden, N. (1988). The new politics of the budgetary process. Scott, Foresman.
   Google Scholar
• Wolde‐Rufael, Y. (2008). The revenue–expenditure nexus: The experience of 13 African countries. African Development Review, 20(2), 273–283. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8268.2008.00185.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar