References
- Abdullah, A. (2013). Terrorism and stock market development: Causality evidence from Pakistan. Journal of Financial Crime, 20(1), 116–23. https://doi.org/10.1108/13590791311287364
- Adam Rosea, E. K. (2013). An economic framework for the development of a resilience index for business recovery. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 72–83.
- Adjasi, C. K. D., Biekpe, N. B., & Osei, K. A. (2011). Stock prices and exchange rate dynamics in selected African countries: A bivariate analysis. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 2(2), 143–164. https://doi.org/10.1108/20400701111165623
- Ainuddina, S. (2012). Community resilience framework for an earthquake prone area in Baluchistan. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 2(1), 25–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2012.07.003
- Ajaz, T., Nain, M. Z., Kamaiah, B., & Sharma, N. K. (2017). Stock prices, exchange rate and interest rate: Evidence beyond symmetry. Journal of Financial Economic Policy, 9(1), 2–19. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFEP-01-2016-0007
- Andriansyah, A., & Messinis, G. (2019). Stock prices, exchange rates and portfolio equity flows: A toda-yamamoto panel causality test. Journal of Economic Studies, 46(2), 399–421. https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-12-2017-0361
- Anh Phuong, C. E. (2009). Acts Of Terrorism And Their Impacts on stock index returns and Volatility: The case of karachi and Tehran stock exchanges. International Journal of Economics Research, 12–24.
- Arin, K. P., Ciferri, D., & Spagnolo, N. (2008). The price of terror: The effects of terrorism on stock market returns and volatility. Economics Letters, 101(3), 164–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2008.07.007
- Arrivillagaa, M. (2015). Resilience processes in women leading community based organizations providing HIV prevention services. HIV & AIDS Review, 85–89.
- Awodumi, O. B., & Adewuyi, A. O. (2020). The role of non-renewable energy consumption in economic growth and carbon emission: Evidence from oil producing economies in Africa. Energy Strategy Reviews, 27, 100434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2019.100434
- Baltaci, H. Ş. (2014). Validity and reliability of the resilience scale for early adopscents. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 454–468.
- Barber, B. M. (2007). All that glitters: The effect of attention and news on the buying behavior of individual and institutional investors. The Review of Financial Studies, 785–818.
- Baz, K., Xu, D., Ampofo, G. M. K., Ali, I., Khan, I., Cheng, J., & Ali, H. (2019). Energy consumption and economic growth nexus: New evidence from Pakistan using asymmetric analysis. Energy, 189, 116254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.116254
- BBC news headline, N. (2005, 9). Pakistan ‘extremist leader’ held. Retrieved September, 2005, from BBC news http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4289740.stm
- becker, P. (2014). Sustainability science; Managing risk and resilience for sustainable dovelopment. Elsevier.
- Bell, M. A. (2002). The Five Principles of Organizational Resilience. The gartner(A Research Review), 1–7.
- Bennett-Jones, O. (2011). Pakistan a failed state or a clever gambler. Retrieved, 2015, from BBC news South asia http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-13318673
- Brooks, C. (1996). Testing for non-linearity in daily sterling exchange rates. Applied Financial Economics, 6(4), 307–317. https://doi.org/10.1080/096031096334105
- Charfeddine, L., & Barkat, K. (2020). Short- and long-run asymmetric effect of oil prices and oil and gas revenues on the real GDP and economic diversification in oil-dependent economy. Energy Economics, 86, 104680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2020.104680
- Chesney, M., Reshetar, G., & Karaman, M. (2011). The impact of terrorism on financial markets: An empirical study. Journal of Banking & Finance, 35(2), 253–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2010.07.026
- Corbet, S., Gurdgiev, C., & Meegan, A. (2018). Long-term stock market volatility and the influence of terrorist attacks in Europe. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 68(1), 118–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qref.2017.11.012
- Cutter, S. L., Ash, K. D., & Emrich, C. T. (2015). The geographies of community disaster resilience. Global Environmental Change, 65–77.
- El Ouadghiri, I., & Peillex, J. (2018). Public attention to “Islamic terrorism” and stock market returns. Journal of Comparative Economics, 46(4), 936–946. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2018.07.014
- Essaddam, N., & Karagianis, J. M. (2014). Terrorism, country attributes, and the volatility of stock returns. Research in International Business and Finance, 31, 87–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2013.11.001
- Fareed, Z., Meo, M. S., Zulfiqar, B., Shahzad, F., & Wang, N. (2018). Nexus of tourism, terrorism, and economic growth in Thailand: new evidence from asymmetric ARDL cointegration approach. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 23(12), 1129–1141. doi:10.1080/10941665.2018.1528289
- Feridun, M., & Shahbaz, M. (2010). FIGHTING TERRORISM: ARE MILITARY MEASURES EFFECTIVE? EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM TURKEY. Defence and Peace Economics, 21(2), 193–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/10242690903568884
- Galadima, M. D., & Aminu, A. W. (2020). Nonlinear unit root and nonlinear causality in natural gas - economic growth nexus: Evidence from Nigeria. Energy, 190(1), 116415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.116415
- Gok, I. Y., Demirdogen, Y., & Topuz, S. (2020). The impacts of terrorism on Turkish equity market: An investigation using intraday data. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 540, 123484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2019.123484
- Hatler, C. (2013). Resilience building: A necessary leadership competence. Nurse Leader, 32–34, 39.
- Hussain, S. S. J., Josef, S. P., Ravinesh, K. R., & Tanveer, A. (2017). The impact of terrorism on industry returns and systematic risk in Pakistan: A wavelet approach. Accounting Research Journal, 30(4), 413–429. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARJ-09-2015-0114
- Hyde, S. (2007). The response of industry stock returns to market, exchange rate and interest rate risks. Managerial Finance, 33(9), 693–709. https://doi.org/10.1108/03074350710776244
- Hyuk Choea, B.-C. K. (1999). Do foreign investors destabilize stock markets? The Korean experience in 1997. Journal of Financial Economics, 54(2), 227–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-405X(99)00037-9
- Ismail, A., & Amjad, S. (2014). Determinants of terrorism in Pakistan: An empirical investigation. Economic Modelling, 37, 320–331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2013.11.012
- Jakob, L. J., & Christoffer, B. N. (2017). Global catastrophe effects – The impact of terrorism ☆. In T. J. Andersen (Ed.), The responsive global organization (pp. 205–238). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78714-831-420171008
- Joerina, J. (2012). Assessing community resilience to climate-related disasters in Chennai, India. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 1(1), 44–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2012.05.006
- Karamelikli, H., Khan, A. A., & Karimi, M. S. (2019). Is terrorism a real threat to tourism development? Analysis of inbound and domestic tourist arrivals in Turkey. Current Issues in Tourism, 1–17. doi:10.1080/13683500.2019.1681945
- Kärrholm, M. (2014). Spatial resilience and urban planning: Addressing the interdependence of urban retail ares. Cities, 36(1), 121–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2012.10.012
- Kashif, M. (2019, January 1). Nonlinear effect of FDI, economic growth, and industrialization on environmental quality. (A. Ayesha, Ed.). Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal. https://doi.org/10.1108/MEQ-10-2018-0186
- Kaveh Shahraki, S. F. (2011). The effect of terrorism on financial markets; Tehran & karachi stock exchange price index. Interdeciplinary Journal Fo Contemporary Research in Business, 47–58.
- Kim, H. S., Kang, D. S., & Kim, J. H. (2003). The BDS statistic and residual test. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 17(1), 104–115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-002-0118-0
- Kisswani, K. M., & Elian, M. I. (2017). Exploring the nexus between oil prices and sectoral stock prices: Nonlinear evidence from Kuwait stock exchange. Cogent Economics & Finance, 5(1), 1286061. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2017.1286061
- Kofi Akamania, P. I. (2014). Barriers to collaborative forest management and implications for building the resilience of forest-dependent communities in the Ashanti region of Ghana. Journal of Environmental Management, 11–21.
- Kollias, C., Kyrtsou, C., & Papadamou, S. (2013). The effects of terrorism and war on the oil price–stock index relationship. Energy Economics, 40, 743–752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2013.09.006
- Kumar, S. (2013). Impact of terrorism on international stock markets. Journal of Applied Business and Economics, 8(2), 43–60. https://doi.org/10.1108/17468801311306984
- Kusumastuti, R. D., Husodo, Z. A., Suardi, L., & Danarsari, D. N. (2014). Developing a resilience index towards natural disasters in Indonesia. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 1, 327–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2014.10.007
- Laborda, R., & Olmo, J. (2019). An Empirical Analysis of Terrorism and Stock Market Spillovers: The Case of Spain. Defence and Peace Economics, 1–19. doi:10.1080/10242694.2019.1617601
- Laila, M., & Guruprasad, S. (2019). Impact of terrorism on stock markets across the world and stock returns: An event study of Taj attack in India. Journal of Financial Crime, 26(3), 793–807. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-09-2018-0093
- Liu, A., & Pratt, S. (2017). Tourism’s vulnerability and resilience to terrorism. Tourism Management, 60, 404–417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.01.001
- Lucini, B. (2013). Social capital and sociological resilience in Megacities context. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in Built Environment, 4(1), 58–71. https://doi.org/10.1108/17595901311299008
- Malik, E. (2011). War on terror: Pakistan reminds Americans of its sacrifices, with an ad. Retrieved, 2015, from The express tribune with the international new york times http://tribune.com.pk/story/250532/war-on-terror-pakistan-reminds-americans-of-its-sacrifices-with-an-ad/
- Mathur, S. K., & Shekhawat, A. (2018, January 1). Exchange rate nonlinearities in India’s exports to the USA. (S. Abhishek, Ed.). Studies in Economics and Finance. https://doi.org/10.1108/SEF-07-2015-0179
- Meierrieks, D., & Schneider, F. (2016). The short- and long-run relationship between the illicit drug business and terrorism. Applied Economics Letters, 23(18), 1274–1277. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2016.1150942
- Melnick, R., & Eldor, R. (2010). Small investment and large returns: Terrorism, media and the economy. European Economic Review, 54(8), 963–973. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2010.03.004
- MengYun, W., Imran, M., Zakaria, M., Linrong, Z., Farooq, M. U., & Muhammad, S. K. (2018). Impact of terrorism and political instability on equity premium: Evidence from Pakistan. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 492, 1753–1762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2017.11.095
- Muhammad, A. (2017a). Modelling the asymmetric impact of defence spending on economic growth: An evidence from non-linear ARDL and multipliers. Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, 33(2), 131–149. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEAS-03-2017-0010
- Muhammad, A. (2017b). Modelling the asymmetric impact of defence spending on economic growth. Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, 33(2), 131–149. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEAS-03-2017-0010
- Narayan, S., Le, T.-H., & Sriananthakumar, S. (2018). The influence of terrorism risk on stock market integration: Evidence from eight OECD countries. International Review of Financial Analysis, 58, 247–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2018.03.011
- Nedelescu, R. B. (2005, March). Impact of terrorism on financial Market. International Monetary fund(IMF) WORKING PAPER, 1–25.
- Nisar. (2015). Neighbouring country fuelled terror fire in Pakistan; Nisar (Defense Minister). Retrieved, 2015, from International the news By Mir khalil ur rehman http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-36014-Neighbouring-country-fuelled-terror-fire-in-Pakistan-Nisar
- Olhager, J. (2002). Manufacturing flexibility and profitability. International Journal of Production Economics, 67–78.
- Onanuga, A. T., Odusanya, I. A., & Adekunle, I. A. (2020). Terrorism and financial flows in Africa. Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression, 1–18. doi:10.1080/19434472.2020.1736128
- Orbaneja, J. R. V., Iyer, S. R., & Simkins, B. J. (2018). Terrorism and oil markets: A cross-sectional evaluation. Finance Research Letters, 24(1), 42–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2017.06.016
- Papakyriakou, P., Sakkas, A., & Taoushianis, Z. (2019). The impact of terrorist attacks in G7 countries on international stock markets and the role of investor sentiment. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 61(3), 143–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2019.03.001
- Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289–326. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1099-1255
- Proag, V. (2014). Acessing and measuring resilience. Procedia Economics and Finance, 18(2), 222–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(14)00934-4
- Rajesh, S. (2019). Dynamism between selected macroeconomic determinants and electricity consumption in India. International Journal of Social Economics, 46(6), 805–821. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-11-2018-0586
- Ranjan, E. S. (2014). A study on community’s perception on disaster resilience concept. Procedia Economics and Finance, 18(3), 88–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(14)00917-4
- Rapp, B. B. (2014). Stakeholder management in disaster restoration projects. International Jounral of Desaster Resilience in Built Environment, 182–193.
- Robert, Y. H. (2012). Preparedness: The state of the art and future prospects. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, 404–417.
- Salvatore, C. (2019). The long-run interrelationship between exchange rate and interest rate: The case of Mexico. Journal of Economic Studies, 46(7), 1380–1397. https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-04-2019-0176
- Shahbaz, M. (2013). Linkages between inflation, economic growth and terrorism in Pakistan. Economic Modelling, 32, 496–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2013.02.014
- Shaikh, I. (2019). The impact of terrorism on Indian securities market. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 32(1), 1744–1764. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2019.1638284
- Sheikh, U. A., Asad, M., Ahmed, Z., & Mukhtar, U. (2020). Cogent Economics & Finance Asymmetrical relationship between oil prices, gold prices, exchange rate, and stock prices during global financial crisis 2008: Evidence from Pakistan Asymmetrical relationship between oil prices, gold prices, exchange rate, and stock prices during global financial crisis 2008 : Evidence from. Cogent Economics & Finance, 8(1), 1-36. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2020.1757802
- Sheikh, U. A., Asad, M., & Mukhtar, U. (2020). Modelling asymmetric effect of foreign direct investment inflows (FDI), carbon emission (☐☐☐) and economic growth(EG) on energy consumption(CE) of South Asian region: A symmetrical and asymmetrical panel autoregressive distributive lag model approach. Accountancy Business and the Public Interest, 193–221.
- Sheikh, U. A., Chaudhry, H., & Mukhtar, U. (2018). Financial and non-financial determinants of Asian automobile stock prices. Accountancy Business and the Public Interest, 142–162.
- Shin, Y., Yu, B., & Greenwood-Nimmo, M. (2014). Modelling Asymmetric Cointegration and Dynamic Multipliers in a Nonlinear ARDL Framework. In R. C. Sickles & W. C. Horrace (eds.), BT - Festschrift in Honor of Peter Schmidt: Econometric Methods and Applications (pp. 281–314). Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-8008-3_9
- Stierwald, A. (2009). Determinants of firm profitability - The effect of productivity and its persistence. Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research;The University of Melbourne, 41–71.
- Strattaa, P. (2015). Resilience and coping in trauma spectrum symptoms prediction: A structural equation modeling approach. Personality and Individual Differences, 55–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.12.035
- Tingbani, I., Okafor, G., Tauringana, V., & Zalata, A. M. (2019). Terrorism and country-level global business failure. Journal of Business Research, 98, 430–440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.08.037
- Trærup, S. L. (2012). Informal networks and resilience to climate change impacts: A collective approach to index insurance. A Global Enviornemnt Change, 22(1), 255–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.09.017
- Umar, M., & Sun, G. (2015). Country risk, stock prices, and the exchange rate of the renminbi. Journal of Financial Economic Policy, 7(4), 366–376. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFEP-11-2014-0073
- Valérie Angeona, S. B. (2015). Reviewing composite vulnerability and resilience indexes: A sustainable approach and application. World Development, 24(March), 2015.
- Warrior, L. C. (2015). Drones and Targeted Killing: Costs, Accountability, and U.S. Civil-Military Relations. Orbis, 59(1), 95–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orbis.2014.11.008
- Wisner, B. (2015). Community resilience to disasters (2nd ed.). International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences.