Convergence or divergence patterns in income distribution across countries: A new evidence from a club clustering algorithm

References

• Abramovitz, M. (1986). Catching up, forging ahead, and falling behind. The Journal of Economic History, 46(2), 385–32. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022050700046209
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alvaredo, F., & Gasparini, L. (2015). Recent trends in inequality and poverty in developing countries. In A. Atkinson, and F. Bourguignon (Eds.), Handbook of income distribution (Vol. 2 (Elservier), pp. 697–805).
   Google Scholar
• Apergis, N., Christou, C., Gupta, R., & Miller, S. M. (2018). Convergence in income inequality: Further evidence from the club clustering methodology across states in the U.S. International Advances in Economic Research, 24(2), 147–161. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11294-018-9675-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azariadis, C. (1996). The economics of poverty traps part one: Complete markets. Journal of Economic Growth, 1(4), 449–486. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00150197
   Google Scholar
• Barro, R. J., Sala-I-Martin, X., Blanchard, O. J., & Hall, R. E. (1991). Convergence across states and regions. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1991(1), 107–182. https://doi.org/10.2307/2534639
   Google Scholar
• Bartkowska, M., & Riedl, A. (2012). Regional convergence clubs in Europe: Identification and conditioning factors. Economic Modelling, 29(1), 22–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2011.01.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basel, A., Gopakumar, K. U., & Rao, R. P. (2020). Testing club convergence of economies by using a broad-based development index. GeoJournal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-020-10198-0
   Google Scholar
• Bénabou, R. (1996). Inequality and growth. In B. Bernanke & J. J. Rotemberg (Eds.), NBER macroeconomics annual 11 (pp. 11–73). MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bleaney, M., & Nishiyama, A. (2003). Convergence in income inequality: Differences between advanced and developing countries. Economics Bulletin, 4(22), 1–10. http://www.accessecon.com/pubs/EB/2003/Volume4/EB-03D30002A.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Camacho, M., & Palmieri, G. (2019). Do economic recessions cause inequality to rise? Journal of Applied Economics, 22(1), 304–320. https://doi.org/10.1080/15140326.2019.1620982
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chambers, D., & Dhongde, S. (2016). Convergence in income distributions: Evidence from a panel of countries. Economic Modelling, 59 (C) , 262–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2016.07.019
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christopoulos, D. K., & Tsionas, E. G. (2007). Are regional incomes in the USA converging? A non-linear perspective. Regional Studies, 41(4), 525–530. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343400601120254
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark, R. (2019). The Goldilocks effect: Convergence in national income distributions, 1990–2015. Social Science Research, 79, 141–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2019.01.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dabla-Norris, E., Kochhar, K., Ricka, F., Suphaphiphat, N., & Tsounta, E. (2015). Causes and consequences of income inequality: A global perspective. IMF, Strategy, Policy, and Review Department https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/sdn/2015/sdn1513.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Dhongde, S., & Miao, X. (2013). Cross-country convergence in income inequality. Working Papers 290, ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality.
   Google Scholar
• Espoir, D. K., & Ngepah, N. (2021a). Income distribution and total factor productivity: A cross-country panel cointegration analysis. GeoJournal, 86(6), 2607-2638., 18(), 2607–2638. http://10.1007/s10708-020-10215-2
   Google Scholar
• Espoir, D. K., & Ngepah, N. (2021b). The effects of inequality on total factor productivity across districts in South Africa: A spatial econometric analysis. GeoJournal, 86(6), 2607–2638. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-020-10215-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ezcurra, R., & Pascual, P. (2005). Is there convergence in income inequality levels among the European regions? Applied Economics Letters, 12(12), 763–767
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ezcurra, R., & Pascual, P. (2009). Convergence in income inequality in the United States: A nonparametric analysis. Applied Economics Letters, 16(13), 1365–1368. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504850701439319
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Francis, D., Valodia, I., & Webster, E. (2020). Politics, policy, and inequality in South Africa under COVID-19. Agrarian South: Journal of Political Economy, 9(3), 342–355. https://doi.org/10.1177/2277976020970036.
   Google Scholar
• Galor, O. (1996). Convergence? Inferences from theoretical models. The Economic Journal, 106(437), 1056–1069. https://doi.org/10.2307/2235378
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• George, M., Stergios, A., & Dimitrios, K. (2015). The economic crisis (2008) and effects on income. The case of Greece. Procedia Economics and Finance, 19, 27–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00005-2
   Google Scholar
• Goerlich, F. J., & Mas, M. (2004). Three (marginal?) questions regarding convergence. Journal of Economic Studies, 31(1), 25–38. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443580410516242
   Google Scholar
• Gomes, F. (2007). Convergence in income inequality: The case of Brazilian municipalities. Economics Bulletin, 15(15), 1–9 http://www.accessecon.com/Pubs/EB/2019/Volume39/EB-19-V39-I1-P17.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Ivanovski, K., Churchill, S. A., & Inekwe, J. (2020). Convergence in income inequality across Australian states and territories. Social Indicators Research, 148(1), 127–142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-019-02201-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kosfeld, R., Eckey, H.-F., & Dreger, C. (2006). Regional productivity and income convergence in the unified Germany, 1992–2000. Regional Studies, 40(7), 755–767. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343400600959322
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lau, C. K. M. (2010). New evidence about regional income divergence in China. China Economic Review, 21(2), 293–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2010.01.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lichtenberg, F. R. (1994). Testing the convergence hypothesis. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 76(3), 576–579. https://doi.org/10.2307/2109982
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, P. C., & Huang, H. C. (2011). Inequality convergence in a panel of states. The Journal of Economic Inequality, 9(2), 195–206. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10888-010-9141-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, P. C., & Huang, H. C. (2012). Convergence in income inequality? Evidence from panel unit root tests with structural breaks. Empirical Economics, 43(1), 153–174. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-011-0482-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mankiw, N. G., Romer, D., & Weil, D. N. (1992). A contribution to the empirics of economic growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107(2), 407–437. https://doi.org/10.2307/2118477
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marina, A. (2000). Economic convergence of the first and second moment in the provinces of Argentina. Estudios de Economía, 27(2), 259–277 https://econ.uchile.cl/uploads/publicacion/d06b060b-c225-4a11-9231-786753fc8fa0.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Newey, W.K., & West, K.D. (1987). A Simple, Positive Semi-Definite, Heteroskedasticity and Autocorrelation Consistent Covariance Matrix. Econometrica, 55(3),703–708. https://doi.org/10.2307/1913610.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panizza, U. (2001). Convergence in income inequality. Journal of Income Distribution, 10(1–2), 5–12. https://doi.org/10.25071/1874-6322.1276.
   Google Scholar
• Pesaran, M. H. (2007). A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross-section dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22(2), 265–312. https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.951
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips, P. C. B., Sul, D., Beck, H. P., Wahlgren, M., & Lutz, H. U. (2007). Transition modeling and econometric convergence tests econometrics. Infection and Immunity, 75(6), 1771–1885. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.01514-06
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips, P. C., & Sul, D. (2007). ‘Transition modeling and
   Google Scholar
• Phillips, P. C., & Sul, D. (2009). Economic transition and growth. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 24(7), 1153–1185. https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.1080
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rattsø, J., & Stokke, H. (2014). Regional convergence of income and education: Investigation of distribution dynamics. Urban Studies, 51(8), 1672–1685. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098013498625
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ravallion, M. (2003). Inequality convergence. Economics Letters, 80(3), 351–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1765(03)00141-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Royuela, V., & Garcia, G. A. (2015). Economic and social convergence in Colombia. Regional Studies, 49(2), 219–239. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2012.762086
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soete, L. (1985). International diffusion of technology, industrial development and technological leapfrogging. World Development, 13(3), 409–422. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750X(85)90138-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solow, R. M. (1956). A contribution to the theory of economic growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70(1), 65–94. https://doi.org/10.2307/1884513
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swan, T. W. (1956). Economic growth and capital accumulation. Economic Record, 32(2), 334–361. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4932.1956.tb00434.x
   Google Scholar
• Temple, J. (1999). The new growth evidence. Journal of Economic Literature, 37(1), 112–156. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.37.1.112
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tian, X., Zhang, X., Zhou, Y., & Yu, X. (2016). Regional income inequality in China revisited: A perspective from club convergence. Economic Modelling, 56, 50–58 doi:10.1016/j.econmod.2016.02.028.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tselios, V. (2009). Growth and convergence in income per capita and income inequality in the regions of the EU. Spatial Economic Analysis, 4(3), 343–370. https://doi.org/10.1080/17421770903114711
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United Nations Development Programme. (2013). Humanity divided: Confronting inequality in developing countries. Bureau for Development Policy.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations World Social Report (2020). Inequality in a rapidly changing World. Department of economic and social affairs. https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/02/World-Social-Report2020-FullReport.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Von Lyncker, K., & Thoennessen, R. (2017). Regional club convergence in the EU: Evidence from a panel data analysis. Empirical Economics, 52(2), 525–553. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-016-1096-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar