References
- Abdul Rahman, R., Ali, F. H. M., & Haniffa, R. (2006). Board, audit committee, culture and earnings management : Malaysian evidence. Managerial Auditing Journal, 21(7), 783–23. https://doi.org/10.1108/02686900610680549
- Abhayawansa, S., & Guthrie, J. (2016). Advances in accounting, incorporating advances in international accounting does intellectual capital disclosure in analysts ’ reports vary by fi rm characteristics ? International Journal of Cardiology, 35, 26–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adiac.2016.04.002
- Adegboyegun, A. E., Alade, M. E., Ademola, A. O., Eluyela, D. F., Oladipo, O. A., Alade, M. E., Ademola, A. O., & Ntim, C. G. (2020). Integrated reporting and corporate performance in Nigeria : Evidence from the banking industry. Cogent Business & Management, 7(1), 1736866. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2020.1736866
- Adhariani, D., & de Villiers, C. (2019). Integrated reporting: Perspectives of corporate report preparers and other stakeholders. Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal, 10(1), 126–156. https://doi.org/10.1108/SAMPJ-02-2018-0043
- AGRAWAL, A., & CHADHA, S. (2005). Corporate governance and accounting scandals. The Journal of Law & Economics, 48(2), 371–406. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/430808
- Ahmad, R. A. R., Abdullah, N., Jamel, N. E. S. M., & Omar, N. (2015). Board characteristics and risk management and internal control disclosure level: Evidence from Malaysia. Procedia Economics and Finance, 31(2011), 601–610. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(15)01147-8
- Ahmad, N. B. J., Rashid, A., & Gow, J. (2018). Corporate board gender diversity and corporate social responsibility reporting in Malaysia. Gender, Technology and Development, 22(2), 87–108. https://doi.org/10.1080/09718524.2018.1496671
- Ahmed Haji, A., & Anifowose, M. (2016). Audit committee and integrated reporting practice: Does internal assurance matter? Managerial Auditing Journal, 31(8–9), 915–948. https://doi.org/10.1108/MAJ-12-2015-1293
- Al-absy, M. S. M., Nor, K., & Ku, I. (2019). Audit committee chairman characteristics and earnings management. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 11(4), 339–370. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJBA-10-2018-0188
- Al-Absy, M. S. M., & Ntim, C. G. (2020). The board chairman’s characteristics and financial stability of Malaysian-listed firms. Cogent Business and Management, 7(1), 1823586. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2020.1823586
- Allini, A., Manes Rossi, F., & Hussainey, K. (2016). The board’s role in risk disclosure: An exploratory study of Italian listed state-owned enterprises. Public Money and Management, 36(2), 113–120. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540962.2016.1118935
- Alnabsha, A., Abdou, H. A., Ntim, C. G., & Elamer, A. A. (2018). Corporate boards, ownership structures and corporate disclosures. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 19(1), 20–41. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAAR-01-2016-0001
- Al-Rassas, A. H., & Kamardin, H. (2016). Earnings quality and audit attributes in high concentrated ownership market. Corporate Governance (Bingley), 16(2), 377–399. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-08-2015-0110
- Arujunan, N., Hashim, F., & Jamaludin, M. F. (2019). The moderating role of family ownership in board gender diversity and corporate social performance. SSRN Electronic Journal, April. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3302128
- Barros, C. P., Boubaker, S., & Hamrouni, A. (2013). Corporate governance and voluntary disclosure in France. Journal of Applied Business Research, 29(2), 561–578. https://doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v29i2.7657
- Beasley, M. S. (1996). An empirical analysis of the relation between the board of director composition and financial statement fraud. Accounting Review, 71(4), 443–465. https://doi.org/10.2469/dig.v27.n2.79
- Beck, N. (2001). TIME-SERIES–CROSS-SECTION DATA: What have we learned in the past few years? Annual Review of Political Science, 4(1), 271–293. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=5367194&site=ehost-live%0Ahttp://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev.polisci.4.1.271
- Belal, G., Kamardin, H., & Tabash, M. I. (2020). Cogent economics & finance family ownership concentration and real earnings management : Empirical evidence from an emerging market. Cogent Economics & Finance, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2020.1751488
- Brennan, N., & Michael, M. (2004). Alternative perspectives on Independence of directors. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 12(3), 325–336.
- Brick, I. E., & Chidambaran, N. K. (2010). Board meetings, committee structure, and firm value. Journal of Corporate Finance, 16(4), 533–553.
- Buallay, A., El Khoury, R., & Hamdan, A. (2021). Sustainability reporting in smart cities: A multidimensional performance measures. Cities, 119, 103397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2021.103397
- Buitendag, N. (2017). Firm characteristics and excellence in integrated reporting. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 1–8.
- Busco, C., Malafronte, I., Pereira, J., & Starita, M. G. (2019). The determinants of companies’ levels of integration: Does one size fit all? The British Accounting Review, 51(3), 277–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2019.01.002
- Byard, D., Li, Y., & Weintrop, J. (2006). Corporate governance and the quality of financial analysts ’ information. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 25(2006), 609–625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2006.07.003
- Chouaibi, S., Chouaibi, Y., & Zouari, G. (2021). Board characteristics and integrated reporting quality: Evidence from ESG European companies. EuroMed Journal of Business. https://doi.org/10.1108/EMJB-11-2020-0121
- Ciocirlan, C., & Pettersson, C. (2012). Does workforce diversity matter in the fight against climate change? An analysis of fortune 500 companies. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 19(1), 47–62. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.279
- Cohen, J. R., Krishnamoorthy, G., & Wright, A. M. (2008). Form versus substance: The implications for auditing practice and research of alternative perspectives on corporate governance. A Journal OfPractice & Theory, 27(2), 181–198. https://doi.org/10.2308/aud.2008.27.2.181
- Cooke, T. E. (1992). The impact of size, stock market listing and industry type on disclosure in the annual reports of Japanese listed corporations. Accounting and Business Research, 22(87), 229–237. https://doi.org/10.1080/00014788.1992.9729440
- Cooray, T., Gunarathne, A. N., & Senaratne, S. (2020). Does corporate governance affect the quality of integrated reporting?. Sustainability, 12(10), 4262. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104262
- Cooray, A. D. N. G., & Senaratne, S. (2020). Does corporate governance A ff ect the quality of integrated reporting ? Sustainability, 12(10), 30. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104262
- Cooray, T., Senaratne, S., Gunarathne, N., Herath, R., & Samudrage, D. N. (2021). Adoption of integrated reporting in Sri Lanka: Coverage and trend. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, 1985–2517. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRA-04-2020-0116
- Cosmulese, C. G., Socoliuc, M., Ciubotariu, M. S., Mihaila, S., Grosu, V., Gabriela, C., Socoliuc, M., & Ciubotariu, M. S. (2019). An empirical analysis of stakeholders ’ expectations and integrated reporting quality. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraå¾ivanja, 32(1), 3963–3986. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2019.1680303
- Darus, F., Safihie, S. F. M., & Yusoff, H. (2019). Propagating transparency and accountability through integrated reporting: An empirical insight from a developing country. International Journal of Financial Research, 10(5), 92–109. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v10n5p92
- Donnelly, R., & Mulcahy, M. (2008). Board structure, ownership, and voluntary disclosure in Ireland. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, 16(5), 416–429. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8683.2008.00692.x
- Eldaia, M., Hanefah, M., & Marzuki, A. (2022). Moderating role of Shariah committee quality on relationship between board of directors effectiveness and the performance of Malaysian Takaful. Competitiveness Review. https://doi.org/10.1108/CR-09-2021-0123
- El Khoury, R., Naimy, V., & Iskandar, S. (2021). ESG versus corporate financial performance: Evidence from East Asian firms in the industrials sector. Studies of Applied Economics, 39(3).
- El Khoury, R., Nasrallah, N., Alareeni, B., Khoury, R. E., Nasrallah, N., & Alareeni, B. (2021). ESG and financial performance of banks in the MENAT region: Concavity–convexity patterns. Journal of Sustainable Finance \& Investment, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/20430795.2021.1929807
- Elshandidy, T., Fraser, I., & Hussainey, K. (2013). Aggregated, voluntary, and mandatory risk disclosure incentives: Evidence from UK FTSE all-share companies. International Review of Financial Analysis, 30(January 2016), 320–333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2013.07.010
- Eng, L. L., & Mak, Y. T. (2003). Corporate governance and voluntary disclosure. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 22(4), 325–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4254(03)00037-1
- Epps, R. W., & Ismail, T. H. (2009). Board of directors’ governance challenges and earnings management. Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change, 5(3), 390–416. https://doi.org/10.1108/18325910910986981
- Fama, E. F., & Jensen, M. C. (1983a). Separation of ownership and control. Source: Journal of Law and Economics, 26(2), 301–325.
- Fama, E. F., & Jensen, M. C. (1983b). Agency problems and residual claims. The Journal of Law & Economics, 26(2), 301–325. https://doi.org/10.1086/467037
- Filippo, V., Raimo, N., Rubino, M., & Antonello, G. (2020). The determinants of integrated reporting quality in fi nancial institutions. 20(3), 429–444. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-07-2019-0202
- Fiori, G., Di Donato, F., & Izzo, M. F. (2016). Exploring the effects of corporate governance on voluntary disclosure: An explanatory study on the adoption of integrated report. In Performance measurement and management control: Contemporary issues. Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
- Frias-Aceituno, J. V., Rodriguez-Ariza, L., & Garcia-Sanchez, I. M. (2013). The role of the board in the dissemination of integrated corporate social reporting. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 20(4), 219–233. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1294
- Frias-Aceituno, J. V., Rodríguez-Ariza, L., & Garcia-Sánchez, I. M. (2014). Explanatory factors of integrated sustainability and financial reporting. Business Strategy and the Environment, 23(1), 56–72. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.1765
- García-Sánchez, I.-M., Frias-Aceituno, J. V., & Garcia-Rubio, R. (2012). Determining factors of audit committee attributes: Evidence from Spain. International Journal of Auditing, 16(2), 184–213. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1099-1123.2012.00451.x
- Garegnani, G. M., Merlotti, E. P., & Russo, A. (2015). Scoring firms’ codes of ethics: An explorative study of quality drivers. Journal of Business Ethics, 126(4), 541–557. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1968-8
- Gerwanski, J., Kordsachia, O., & Velte, P. (2019). Determinants of materiality disclosure quality in integrated reporting: Empirical evidence from an international setting. Business Strategy and the Environment, 28(5), 750–770. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2278
- Ghafran, C., & O’Sullivan, N. (2017). The impact of audit committee expertise on audit quality: Evidence from UK audit fees. Journal The British Accounting Review, 2(2), 210–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2017.09.008
- Ghani, E. K., Jamal, J., Puspitasari, E., & Gunardi, A. (2018). Factors influencing integrated reporting practices among Malaysian public listed real property companies: A sustainable development effort. International Journal of Managerial and Financial Accounting, 10(2), 144–162. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMFA.2018.091662
- Giannarakis, G. (2014). Corporate governance and financial characteristic effects on the extent of corporate social responsibility disclosure. Social Responsibility Journal, 10(4), 569–590. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-02-2013-0008
- Girella, L., Zambon, S., & Rossi, P. (2021). Board characteristics and the choice between sustainability and integrated reporting : A European analysis. Meditari Accountancy Research, 30(3), 562–596. https://doi.org/10.1108/MEDAR-11-2020-1111
- Gray, S. J., & Vint, H. M. (1995). The Impact of culture on accounting disclosures: Some international evidence. Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting, 2(1), 33–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/10293574.1995.10510476
- Gujarati, D., & Porter, D. (2009). Essentials of econometrics 4e.
- Guthrie, J., & Mathews, M. R. (1985). Corporate social accounting in Australasia. In Research in corporate social performance and policy (pp. 251–277). JAI Press.
- Gyapong, E., Ahmed, A., Ntim, C. G., & Nadeem, M. (2019). Board gender diversity and dividend policy in Australian listed firms: The effect of ownership concentration. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 1–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-019-09672-2
- Habbash, M. (2016). Corporate governance and corporate social responsibility disclosure : Evidence from Saudi Arabia. Social Responsibility Journal, 12(4), 740–754. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-07-2015-0088
- Hamad, S., Draz, M. U., & Lai, F. W. (2020). The impact of corporate governance and sustainability reporting on integrated reporting: A conceptual framework. SAGE Open, 10(2), 215824402092743. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020927431
- Hammond, K., & Miles, S. (2004). Assessing quality assessment of corporate social reporting: UK perspectives. Accounting Forum, 28(1), 61–79.
- Hansen, J. A. (1992). Innovation, firm size, and firm age. Small Business Economics, 4(1), 37–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00402214
- Hategan, C. (2019). The Romanian family businesses philosophy for performance and sustainability. Sustainability, 2019, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11061715
- Hillman, A. J., & Thomas, D. (2003). Boards of directors and firm performance: Integrating agency and resource dependence perspectives. Academy of Management, 28(3), 383–396. https://www.jstor.org/stable/30040728
- Hoechle, D. (2007). Robust standard errors for panel regressions with cross-sectional dependence. Stata Journal, 7(3), 281–312. https://doi.org/10.1177/1536867x0700700301
- Hossain, M., Perera, M. H. B., & Rahman, A. R. (1995). Voluntary disclosure in the annual reports of New Zealand companies. Journal of International Financial Management \& Accounting, 6(1), 69–87. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-646X.1995.tb00050.x
- Ho, S. S. M., & Wong, K. S. (2001). A study of coporrate disclosure practice and effectivness in Hong Kong. Journal of International Financial Management \& Accounting, 12(1), 75–102. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-646X.00067
- IIRC. (2013). Consultation draft of the international <IR> Framework. The International Integrated Reporting Council., 1–37. http://www.theiirc.org/wp-content/uploads/Consultation-Draft/Consultation-Draft-of-the-InternationalIRFramework.pdf
- IIRC. (2021). < IR > FRAMEWORK About the IIRC (Issue January). https://integratedreporting.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/InternationalIntegratedReportingFramework.pdf
- Jensen, M. C. (1993). The modern industrial revolution, exit, and the failure of internal control systems. The Journal of Finance, 48(3), 831–880. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1993.tb04022.x
- Jensen, J. C., & Berg, N. (2012). Determinants of traditional sustainability reporting versus integrated reporting. An institutionalist approach. Business Strategy and the Environment, 21(5), 299–316. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.740
- Jensen, C., & Meckling, H. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(76)90026-X
- Kakanda, M. M., Salim, B., & Chandren, S. (2017). Corporate governance, risk management disclosure, and firm performance: A theoretical and empirical review perspective. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 7(9), 836–845. a/p. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.aefr.2017.79.836.845
- Karamanou, I., & Vafeas, N. (2005). The association between corporate boards, audit committees, and management earnings forecasts: An empirical analysis. Journal of Accounting Research, 43(3), 453–486. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-679X.2005.00177.x
- Kassim, A. A. M., Ishak, Z., & Manaf, N. A. A. (2013). Board effectiveness and company performance: Assessing the mediating role of capital structure decisions. International Journal of Business and Society, 14(2), 319–338.
- Klein, A. (2002). Audit committee, board of director characteristics, and earnings management. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 33(3), 375–400. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-4101(02)00059-9
- Krishnan, J., Wen, Y., & Zhao, W. (2011). Legal expertise on corporate audit committees and financial reporting quality. Accounting Review, 86(6), 2099–2130. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-10135
- Laksmana, I. (2008). Corporate board governance and voluntary disclosure of executive compensation practices. Contemporary Accounting Research, 25(4), 1147–1182.
- Latif, R. A., Yahya, N. H., Mohd, K. N. T., Kamardin, H., & Mohd, A. H. (2020). The influence of board diversity on environmental disclosures and sustainability performance in Malaysia. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 10(5), 287–296. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.9508
- Li, J., Pike, R. H., & Haniffa, R. M. (2008). Intellectual capital disclosure and corporate governance structure in UK firms the university of Bradford institutional repository. Accounting and Business Research, 38(2), 137–159. https://doi.org/10.1080/00014788.2008.9663326
- Malaysian Securities Commission. (2017). Malaysian code on corporate governance. In Malaysian Code on Corporate Governance (pp. 1–23). http://www.mia.org.my/new/downloads/circularsandresources/circulars/2012/21/MCCG_2012.pdf
- Malaysian Securities Commission. (2021). Malaysian code on corporate governance. In Malaysian Code on Corporate Governance (pp. 1–23). http://www.mia.org.my/new/downloads/circularsandresources/circulars/2012/21/MCCG_2012.pdf
- Marrone, A., & Oliva, L. (2020). The level of integrated reporting alignment with the IIRC framework : Evidence from South Africa. International Journal of Business and Management, 15(1), 99–108. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v15n1p99
- Martín, C. J. G. (2019, March). Do board characteristics affect environmental performance ? A study of EU firms. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1775
- Masduki, S. B., & Mohd Zaid, M. H. (2019). Corporate governance and compliance of integrated reporting: Evidence from Malaysian listed companies. Jurnal Intelek, 14(2), 161–173. https://doi.org/10.24191/ji.v14i2.232
- Masulis, R. W., Wang, C., & Xie, F. (2012). Globalizing the boardroom — The effects of foreign directors on corporate governance and firm performance $. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 53(3), 527–554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2011.12.003
- Mawardani, H. A., & Harymawan, I. (2021). The relationship between corporate governance and integrated reporting. Journal of Accounting and Investment, 22(1), 51–79. https://doi.org/10.18196/jai.v22i1.9694
- Milne, M. J., & Hackston, D. (1996). Some determinants of social and environmental disclosures in New Zealand companies. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 9(1), 77–108. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513579610109987
- Mohammed, N. F., Kassim, C. F. C., Sutainim, N. A., & Amirrudin, M. S. (2020). Accountability through integrated reporting: The awareness and challenges in Malaysia. Humanities and Social Sciences Letters, 8(1), 123–132. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.73.2020.81.123.132
- Nguyen, H. C., Minh, P., Nguyen, H., Tran, B. H., Hoang, L. T. T., & Do, T. T. H. (2021). Integrated reporting disclosure alignment levels in annual reports by listed fi rms in Vietnam and in fl uencing factors. Meditari Accountancy Research. https://doi.org/10.1108/MEDAR-02-2020-0710
- Omran, M., Ramdhony, D., Mooneeapen, O., & Nursimloo, V. (2021). Integrated reporting and board characteristics : Evidence from top Australian listed companies. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 22(4), 732–758. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAAR-04-2020-0077
- Pearce, J. A., & Zahra, S. A. (1992). Board composition from a strategic contingency perspective. Journal of Management Studies, 29(4), 411–438. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.1992.tb00672.x
- Pistoni, A., Songini, L., & Bavagnoli, F. (2018). Integrated reporting quality : An empirical analysis. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 25(4), 489–507. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1474
- Prado-Lorenzo, J.-M., & Garcia-Sanchez, I.-M. (2010). The role of the board of directors in disseminating relevant information on greenhouse gases. Journal of Business Ethics, 97(3), 391–424. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0515-0
- Qaderi, S. A., Ali, B., Ghaleb, A., Hashed, A. A., Chandren, S., & Abdullah, Z. (2022). Board characteristics and integrated reporting strategy : Does sustainability committee matter ? Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(6092), 1–24.
- Qaderi, S. A., Chandren, S., & Abdullah, Z. (2021). Integrated reporting disclosure in Malaysia : Regulations and practice. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRA-06-2021-0158
- Rahman, H. U., & Zahid, M. (2021). Women directors and corporate performance : Fi rm size and board monitoring as the least focused factors. Gender in Management: An International Journa, 36(5), 605–621. https://doi.org/10.1108/GM-12-2019-0252
- Raimo, N., Vitolla, F., Marrone, A., & Rubino, M. (2020a). Do audit committee attributes influence integrated reporting quality? An agency theory viewpoint. Business Strategy and the Environment, 30(1), 522–534. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2635
- Raimo, N., Vitolla, F., Marrone, A., & Rubino, M. (2020b). The role of ownership structure in integrated reporting policies. Business Strategy and the Environment, 29(6), 2238–2250. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2498
- Sadou, A., Alom, F., & Laluddin, H. (2017). Corporate social responsibility disclosures in Malaysia : Evidence from large companies. SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY JOURNAL, 13(1), 177–202. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-06-2016-0104
- Said, R., Hj Zainuddin, Y., & Haron, H. (2009). The relationship between corporate social responsibility disclosure and corporate governance characteristics in Malaysian public listed companies. Social Responsibility Journal, 5(2), 212–226. https://doi.org/10.1108/17471110910964496
- Saleh, M. W. A., Latif, R. A., Bakar, F. A., & Maigoshi, Z. S. (2020). The impact of multiple directorships, board characteristics, and ownership on the performance of Palestinian listed companies. International Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Performance Evaluation, 16(1), 63–80. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJAAPE.2020.106774
- Sellami, Y. M., & Cherif, I. (2019). Female audit committee directorship and audit fees. Managerial Auditing Journal Vol, 35(2), 398–428. https://doi.org/10.1108/MAJ-12-2018-2121
- Siagian, F. T., & Tresnaningsih, E. (2011). The impact of independent directors and independent audit committees on earnings quality reported by Indonesian firms. Asian Review of Accounting, 19(3), 192–207. https://doi.org/10.1108/13217341111185128
- Singh, J., Sadiq, M., & Kaur, K. (2019). Integrated reporting: Challenges, benefits and the research agenda. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 7(8), 1–16. http://eprints.sunway.edu.my/id/eprint/1424
- Songini, L., Pistoni, A., Tettamanzi, P., Fratini, F., & Minutiello, V. (2021). Integrated reporting quality and BoD characteristics: An empirical analysis. Journal of Management and Governance, 1–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10997-021-09568-8
- StataCorp. (2015). Stata longitudinal-data/panel-data reference manual: Release 14.
- Stent, W., & Dowler, T. (2015). Early assessments of the gap between integrated reporting and current corporate reporting. Meditari Accountancy Research, 23(1), 92–117. https://doi.org/10.1108/MEDAR-02-2014-0026
- Tumwebaze, Z., Bananuka, J., Alinda, K., & Dorcus, K. (2021). Intellectual capital : Mediator of board of directors ’ e ff ectiveness and adoption of international financial reporting standards. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, 19(2), 272–298. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRA-03-2020-0076
- Unerman, J. (2000). Methodological issues - Reflections on quantification in corporate social reporting content analysis. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 13(5), 667–681. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513570010353756
- Vafeas, N. (1999). Board meeting frequency and firm performance. Journal of Financial Economics, 53(1), 113–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-405X(99)00018-5
- Vitolla, F., Raimo, N., & Rubino, M. (2019a). Board characteristics and integrated reporting quality : An agency theory perspective. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 27(2), 1152–1163.
- Vitolla, F., Raimo, N., & Rubino, M. (2019b). How pressure from stakeholders affects integrated reporting quality. August, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1850
- Vitolla, F., Raimo, N., & Rubino, M. (2019c). The impact of national culture on integrated reporting quality . A stakeholder theory approach. Bus Strat Env, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2332
- Vitolla, F., Salvi, A., Raimo, N., Petruzzella, F., & Rubino, M. (2020). The impact on the cost of equity capital in the effects of integrated reporting quality. Business Strategy and the Environment, 29(2), 519–529.
- Wang, M., & Hussainey, K. (2013). J. Account . Public policy voluntary forward-looking statements driven by corporate governance and their value relevance. JOURNAL OF ACCOUNTING AND PUBLIC POLICY, 32(3), 26–49.
- Wan-hussin, W. N., Qasem, A., & Aripin, N. (2021). Corporate responsibility disclosure, information environment and analysts ’ recommendations : Evidence from Malaysia. Sustainability (Switzerland), 1–27.
- Wasiuzzaman, S., & Wan Mohammad, W. M. (2020). Board gender diversity and transparency of environmental, social and governance disclosure: Evidence from Malaysia. Managerial and Decision Economics, 41(1), 145–156.
- Watts, R. L., & Zimmerman, J. (1978). Towards a positive theory of the determination of accounting standards. The Accounting Review, 53, 112–134.
- Weber, M. (2017). Methodology of social sciences. Routledge.
- Xie, B., Davidson, W. N., & Dadalt, P. J. (2003). Earnings management and corporate governance : The role of the board and the audit committee. Journal of Corporate Finance, 9(3), 295–316. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0929-1199(02)00006-8
- Yahya, F., & Ghazali, Z. B. (2017). Effectiveness of board governance and dividend policy as alignment mechanisms to firm performance and CEO compensation. Cogent Business & Management, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2017.1398124
- Yunos, R. M., Smith, M., & Ismail, Z. (2012). The relationship between board skills and conservatism: Malaysian evidence. Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing, 8(8), 1173–1184. https://doi.org/10.17265/1548-6583/2012.08.005
- Zaheer, N. (2013). Effects of duality, board size and board composition on corporate governance disclosure in Pakistan. International SAMANM Journal of Finance and Accounting, 1(3), 1–16.
- Zahra, S. A., & Pearce, J. A. (1989). Boards of directors and corporate financial performance: A Review and integrative model. Journal of Management, 15(2), 291. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920638901500208