References
- Abrego, L., & Edwards, T. H. (2002). Centre for the Study of Globalisation and Regionalisation (CSGR), University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom. URL: (96/02; CSGR Working Paper No. 96/02, Vol. 157, Issue 05. http://www.csgr.org
- Acharya, S., Hölscher, J., & Perugini, C. (2012). Trade liberalization and inequalities in Nepal: A CGE analysis. Economic Modelling, 29(6), 2543–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2012.08.008
- Anderson, E. (2020). The impact of trade liberalization on poverty and inequality: Evidence from CGE models. Journal of Policy Modeling, 42(6), 1208–1227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2020.05.006
- Anwar, S., & Sun, S. (2012). Trade liberalization, market competition and wage inequality in China’s manufacturing sector. Economic Modelling, 29(4), 1268–1277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2012.03.013
- Artuc, E., Porto, G., & Rijkers, B. (2019). Trading off the income gains and the inequality costs of trade policy. Journal of International Economics, 120, 1–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2019.05.001
- Bartak, J., Jabłoński, Ł., & Tomkiewicz, J. (2022). Does income inequality explain public debt change in OECD countries? International Review of Economics & Finance, 80, 211–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IREF.2022.02.045
- Batuo, M. E., Kararach, G., & Malki, I. (2022). The dynamics of income inequality in Africa: An empirical investigation on the role of macroeconomic and institutional forces. World Development, 157, 105939. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.WORLDDEV.2022.105939
- Beaton, K., Cebotari, A., & Komaromi, A. (2017). Revisiting the link between trade, growth, and inequality: Lessons for Latin America and the Caribbean. IMF Working Papers, 17(46), 1. https://doi.org/10.5089/9781475585551.001
- Bergh, A., & Nilsson, T. (2010). Do liberalization and globalization increase income inequality? European Journal of Political Economy, 26(4), 488–505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2010.03.002
- Bernard, A. B., & Jensen, J. B. (1999). Exceptional exporter performance: Cause, effect, or both? Journal of International Economics, 47(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1996(98)00027-0
- Bodea, C., Houle, C., & Kim, H. (2021). Do financial crises increase income inequality? World Development, 147, 105635. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.WORLDDEV.2021.105635
- Borissov, K., & Kalk, A. (2020). Public debt, positional concerns, and wealth inequality. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 170, 96–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JEBO.2019.11.029
- Bulíř, A. (2001). Income inequality: Does inflation matter? IMF Staff Papers, 48(1), 139–159. https://doi.org/10.2307/4621662
- Cheong, J., & Jung, S. E. (2021). Trade liberalization and wage inequality: Evidence from Korea. Journal of Asian Economics, 72, 101264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2020.101264
- Choi, C. (2006). Does foreign direct investment affect domestic income inequality? Applied Economics Letters, 13(12), 811–814. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504850500400637
- Curtis, M., & Jones, T. (2017). Honest Account 2017 - How the world profits from Africa’s wealth. https://www.cadtm.org/Honest-Accounts-2017-How-the-world
- Cysne, R. P., Maldonado, W. L., & Monteiro, P. K. (2005). Inflation and income inequality: A shopping-time approach. Journal of Development Economics, 78(2), 516–528. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JDEVECO.2004.09.002
- Dollar, D., & Kraay, A. (2001). Trade, growth, and poverty. https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-2615
- Driscoll, J. C., & Kraay, A. C. (1998). Consistent covariance matrix estimation with spatially dependent panel data. Review of Economics and Statistics, 80(4), 549–559. https://doi.org/10.1162/003465398557825
- Foellmi, R., & Oechslin, M. (2010). Market imperfections, wealth inequality, and the distribution of trade gains. Journal of International Economics, 81(1), 15–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2010.03.001
- Forster, T., Kentikelenis, A. E., Reinsberg, B., Stubbs, T. H., & King, L. P. (2019). How structural adjustment programs affect inequality: A disaggregated analysis of IMF conditionality, 1980–2014. Social Science Research, 80, 83–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2019.01.001
- Glewwe, P. Economic liberalization and income inequality further evidence on the Sri Lankan experience: The world bank. (1988). Journal of Development Economics, 28(1988), 233–246. Washington, DC 20433, USA North-Holland. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3878(88)90060-0
- Goldsmith, E. (1997). Development as colonialism. The Ecologist, 27, 69+. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A19619466/AONE?u=anon~649e0b35&sid=googleScholar&xid=0be3f85f
- Hoechle, D. (2007). Robust standard errors for panel regressions with cross-sectional dependence. The Stata Journal, 7(3), 281–312. https://doi.org/10.1177/1536867X0700700301
- Jones, R. W., & Marjit, S. (1985). A simple production model with Stolper-Samuelson Properties. International Economic Review, 26(3), 565. https://doi.org/10.2307/2526703
- Kaulihowa, T., & Adjasi, C. (2017). FDI and income inequality in Africa. Oxford Development Studies, 46(2), 250–265. https://doi.org/10.1080/13600818.2017.1381233
- Khan, M. A., Walmsley, T., & Mukhopadhyay, K. (2021). Trade liberalization and income inequality: The case for Pakistan. Journal of Asian Economics, 74, 1–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2021.101310
- Kurose, K., & Yoshihara, N. (2018). The Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson trade theory and the Cambridge capital controversies: On the validity of factor price equalisation theorem. Discussion Paper Series, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University, (686). https://econpapers.repec.org/scripts/redir.pf?u=https%3A%2F%2Fhermes-ir.lib.hit-u.ac.jp%2Fhermes%2Fir%2Fre%2F29648%2FDP686.pdf;h=repec:hit:hituec:686
- Lee, J. (1995). Comparative advantage in manufacturing as a determinant of industrialization: The Korean case. World Development, 23(7), 1195–1214. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750X(95)00039-F
- Le, T. H., Nguyen, C. P., Su, T. D., & Tran-Nam, B. (2020). The Kuznets curve for export diversification and income inequality: Evidence from a global sample. Economic Analysis and Policy, 65, 21–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2019.11.004
- Luo, W. (2020). Inequality and government debt: Evidence from OECD panel data. Economics Letters, 186, 108869. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ECONLET.2019.108869
- Masson, P. (2001). Globalization: Facts and Figures PDP/01/4; IMF Policy Discussion Paper.
- Mehta, A., & Hasan, R. (2012). The effects of trade and services liberalization on wage inequality in India. International Review of Economics and Finance, 23, 75–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2011.10.007
- Monnin, P. (2014). Inflation and income inequality in developed economies. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2444710
- Nantob, Y. (2015). Income inequality and inflation in developing countries: An empirical investigation. Economics Bulletin, 35(4), 2888–2902. https://econpapers.repec.org/RePEc:ebl:ecbull:eb-15-00481
- Nguyen, V. B. (2021). The difference in the FDI inflows–income inequality relationship between developed and developing countries. Journal of International Trade and Economic Development, 30(8), 1123–1137. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638199.2021.1925331
- Pigato, M. (1997). South Asia’s Integration into the World Economy. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=vfmmLGFFpwgC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=Pigato+et+al.,+1997+pdf&ots=f5kmEDwZMr&sig=G71ls5n03u9sf1_70-TFlWURUSI
- Robbins, D. J. (2003). The impact of trade liberalization upon inequality in developing countries: A review of theory and evidence. In Working Paper No. 13.
- SANTOS, T. D. (1970). The structure of dependence*. The American Economic Review, 60(2), 1.
- Santos-Paulino, A. U. (2012). Trade, Income Distribution, and Poverty in Developing Countries: A Survey (Issue 207). United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). http://www.unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/osgdp20121_en.pdf
- Siami-Namini, S., & Hudson, D. (2019). Inflation and income inequality in developed and developing countries. Journal of Economic Studies, 46(3), 611–632. https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-02-2018-0045
- Solt, F. (2020). Measuring Income Inequality Across Countries and Over Time: The Standardized World Income Inequality Database. Social Science Quarterly, 101(3), 1183–1199. https://doi.org/10.1111/SSQU.12795
- Stolper, W. F., & Samuelson, P. A. (1941). Protection and real wages. Review of Economic Studies, 9(1), 58–73. https://doi.org/10.2307/2967638
- Tralac. (2018). The African Continental Free Trade Area. https://www.tralac.org/documents/resources/booklets/2313-afcfta-a-tralac-guide-3rd-edition-august-2018/file.html
- Ucal, M., Bilgin, M., Haug, A., Ucal, M., Bilgin, M., & Haug, A. (2014). Income Inequality and FDI: Evidence with Turkish Data. https://econpapers.repec.org/RePEc:pra:mprapa:61104
- Wagle, U. R. (2007). Are Economic Liberalization and Equality Compatible? Evidence from South Asia. World Development, 35(11), 1836–1857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2007.01.007
- War on Want. (2016). The New Colonialism: Britain’s Scramble for Africa’s Energy and Mineral Resources. 629916. http://media.waronwant.org/sites/default/files/TheNewColonialism.pdf?_ga=1.163857279.1562019882.1468355472
- Weller, C. E., & Hersch, A. (2002). The long and short of it: Global liberalization, poverty, and inequality (ZEI Working Paper, No. B 14-2002; Issue May).
- World Bank. (2005). World Development Report 2005. World Bank Group, https://doi.org/10.1596/0-8213-5682-8.
- Yeaple, S. R. (2005). A simple model of firm heterogeneity, international trade, and wages. Journal of International Economics, 65(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2004.01.001
- Zaghdoudi, T., & Hakimi, A. (2017). Does external debt-poverty relationship confirm the debt overhang hypothesis for developing counties? Economics Bulletin, 37(2), 653–665. https://econpapers.repec.org/scripts/redir.pf?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.accessecon.com%2FPubs%2FEB%2F2017%2FVolume37%2FEB-17-V37-I2-P60.pdf;h=repec:ebl:ecbull:eb-16-00874