References
- Aries, P. 1962. Centuries of childhood: A social history of family life. Suffolk: Penguin.
- Abt Associates. 2001. Impending catastrophe revisited. Commissioned Report. Johannesburg: loveLife/Henry J. Kaiser Foundation.
- Bhabha, H. 1994. Location of culture. London: Routledge.
- Boyden, J. and P. Holden. 1991. Children of the cities. London: Zed Books.
- Boult, B. and P. Cunningham. 1992. Black teenage pregnancy: An African perspective. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth 3: 303–9.
- Bourdieu, P. 1977. (trans. R. Nice). Outline of a theory of practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Burman, S. 1995. Childcare by the elderly and the duty of support in multigenerational households. Southern African Journal of Gerontology 4(1): 13–17.
- Burman, S. 1996. Intergenerational family care: Legacy of the past, implications for the future. Journal of Southern African Studies 22 (4): 585–598.
- Caldwell, J.C., P. Caldwell, B. Caldwell and I. Pieris. 1998. The construction of adolescence in a changing world: Implications for sexuality, reproduction, and marriage. Studies in Family Planning 29 (2): 137–153.
- Fields, J. 2005. ‘Children having children: race, innocence, and sexuality education. Social Problems 52 (4): 549–571.
- Flanagan, P. 1998. ‘Teen mothers: Countering the myths of dysfunction and development disruption’, in Mothering against all odds: Diverse voices of contemporary mothers. Edited by C. Garcia-Coll, J. Surrey and K. Weingarten, pp 238–254. New York: Guildford Press.
- Foucault, M. 1978. The history of sexuality. Vol I. London: Penguin.
- Furstenberg, F. Jr. 1991. As the pendulum swings: Teenage child-bearing and social concern. Family Relations 40: 127–138.
- Goldberg, G. L. and Craig, C, J, T. 1983. Obstetric complications in adolescent pregnancies. South African Medical Journal 64: 863–864.
- Hastrup, K. 2004. Getting it right: Knowledge and evidence in anthropology. Anthropological Theory 4 (4): 455–472.
- Harari, S. and M. Vinovskis. 1993. ‘Adolescent sexuality: pregnancy and childbearing in the past’, in The politics of pregnancy: Adolescent sexuality and public policy. Edited by A. Lawson and D. Rhode, pp 23–45. New Haven: Yale University Press.
- Henderson, P. 1999. Living with fragility: Children in New Crossroads. Unpublished Ph.D Thesis: University of Cape Town.
- Jones, S. 1993. Assaulting childhood: Children's experiences of migrancy and hostel life in South Africa. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press.
- Jones, S. 1996. The matrifilial family: Single motherhood, domestic organisation and kinship among Xhosa in a country township. South Africa. Unpublished Ph.D dissertation: University of Cambridge.
- Jewkes, R., C. Vundule, F. Maforah and E. Jordaan. 2001. Relationship dynamics and teenage pregnancy in South Africa. Social Science and Medicine 52 (5): 733–744.
- Klerman, L.V. 1993. The relationship between adolescent parenthood and inadequate parenting. Children and Youth Services Review 15: 309–320.
- Leclerc-Madlala, S. 1997. Infect one, infect all: Zulu youth response to the AIDS epidemic in South Africa. Medical Anthropology 17: 363–380.
- Leclerc-Madlala, S. 2002. Youth, HIV/AIDS and the importance of sexual culture and context. Social Dynamics 28 (1): 20–41.
- Leoning, W. 1992. ‘Adolescent pregnancy: A medical perspective on the consequences for mother and child’, in Questionable Issue: Illegitimacy in South Africa. Edited by S. Burman and E. Preston-Whyte, pp 77–91. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Luker, K. 1996. Dubious conceptions: The politics of teen pregnancy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Maclntyre, S and S. Cunningham-Burley. 1993. ‘Teenage pregnancy as a social problem: a perspective from the United Kingdom’, in The politics of pregnancy: Adolescent sexuality and public policy. Edited by A. Lawson and D. Rhode, pp 59–73. New Haven: Yale University Press.
- Macleod, C. 1999a. Teenage pregnancy and its ‘negative’ consequences: Review of South African research—Part 1. South African Journal of Psychology 29(1): 1–7.
- Macleod, C. 1999b. The ‘causes’ of teenage pregnancy: Review of South African research—Part 2. South African Journal of Psychology 29 (1): 8–16.
- Macleod, C. 2002. Economic security and the social science literature on teenage pregnancy in South Africa. Gender and Society 16 (5): 647–664.
- Macleod, C. 2003. Teenage pregnancy and the construction of adolescence: Scientific literature in South Africa. Childhood 10 (4): 419–437.
- Macleod, C. and K. Durrheim. 2002. Racializing teenage pregnancy: ‘Culture’ and ‘tradition’ in the South African scientific literature. Ethnic and Racial Studies 25 (5): 778–801.
- Manzini, T. 2001. Sexual initiation and childbearing among adolescent girls in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. Reproductive Health Matters 9(17): 44–52.
- Marie Claire July 2002
- Mfecane, S. 2002. Xhosa youth constructions of masculinity and their impact on the spread of HIV/AIDS. Unpublished MA dissertation. University of the Western Cape.
- Mkhwanazi, N. 2004. Teenage pregnancy and the making of gender identities in a post-apartheid township. Unpublished PhD dissertation: University of Cambridge.
- Moore, H. 1994. A passion for difference: Essays in anthropology and gender. Cambridge: Polity Press.
- Musick, J. 1993. Young, poor and pregnant: The psychology of teenage motherhood. New Haven: Yale University Press.
- Nader, L. and R. Gonzalez. 2000. The framing of teenage health care: Organisations, culture and control. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry 24: 231–258.
- Nash, E. 1990. Teenage pregnancy—Need a child bear a child? South African Medical Journal 77: 147–151.
- Ncayiyana, D. J. and Ter Haar, G. 1989. Pregnant adolescents in rural Transkei. South African Medical Journal 75: 231–232.
- O'Mahoney, D. 1987. School girl pregnancies in Libode, Transkei. South African Medical Journal 71: 771–773.
- Pearce, D. 1993. ‘“Children having children”: Teenage pregnancy and public policy from the woman's perspective’, in The politics of pregnancy: Adolescent sexuality and public policy. Edited by A. Lawson and D. Rhode, pp 46–58. New Haven: Yale University Press.
- Pigg, S. L. and V. Adams. 2005. ‘Introduction: The moral object of sex’, in Sex in Development: Science, sexuality, and morality in global perspective. Edited by V, Adams and S.L. Pigg, pp 1–38. Durham: Duke University Press.
- Preston-Whyte, E. and M. Zondi. 1989. To control their own reproduction: the agenda of black teenage mothers in Durban. Agenda 4: 47–68.
- Preston-Whyte, E. 1991. Teenage pregnancy in selected coloured and black communities. Unpublished report: Human Sciences Research Council.
- Preston-Whyte. E. and Allen, J. 1992. ‘Teenage pregnancy in the coloured community’ in Questionable Issue: Illegitimacy in South Africa. Edited by S. Burman and E. Preston-Whyte, pp 208–225. Cape Town: Oxford University Press.
- Preston-Whyte. E. and Zondi, M. 1992. ‘African teenage pregnancy: Whose problem?’, in Questionable Issue: Illegitimacy in South Africa. Edited by S Burman and E. Preston-Whyte, pp 226–246. Cape Town: Oxford University Press.
- Rankin, S. 1986. Illegitimacy: A study of a small sample of young, unmarried mothers in the ‘coloured’ community of Durban. University of Durban: The Institute for Social and Economic Research.
- Rich, A. 1977. Of woman born: Motherhood as experience and institution London Virago.
- Rutenberg, R., C. Kaufman. K. Macintyre, L. Brown, A. Karim 2003. Pregnant or positive: Adolescent childbearing and HIV/Risk in KwaZulu Natal South Africa. Reproductive Health Matters 11(22): 122–133
- Selikow, T-A., B. Zulu and E. Cedras. 2002. The ingagara, the regte and the cherry: HIV/AIDS and youth culture in contemporary urban townships. Agenda 53: 22–32.
- Thompson, S. 1990. ‘Drastic entertainments: “Teenage mothers” signifying narratives’, in Uncertain Terms: Negotiating gender in American culture Edited by F. Ginsberg and A. L Tsing, pp 238–254. Boston: Beacon Press.
- Varga, C. and L. Makubalo 1996. Sexual (non)negotiation among black South African teenagers. Agenda 28: 31–38.
- Varga, C. 2003. How gender roles influence sexual and reproductive health among South African adolescents. Studies in Family Planning 34(3): 160–172.
- Vundule. C.; F. Maforah; R. Jewkes and E. Jordaan. 2001. Risk factors for teenage pregnancy among sexually active adolescents in Cape Town. A case control study. South African Medical Journal 91: 73–80.
- Ward, M. 1995. Early childbearing: what is the problem and who owns it? In Conceiving the new world order: The politics of reproduction. Edited by F. Ginsburg and R. Rapp, pp 140–158. Berkeley, California: University of California Press.
- Wood, K, F. Maforah and R. Jewkes. 1996. Sex, violence and constructions of love among Xhosa adolescents: Putting violence on the sexuality education agenda. Unpublished report: Medical Research Council, Cape Town.
- Wood, K. and R. Jewkes. 1997. Violence, rape, and sexual coercion: Everyday love in a South African township. Gender and Development 5(2): 41–46.
- Wood, K. and R. Jewkes. 1998. ‘Love is a dangerous thing’: The micro-dynamics of violence in sexual relationships of young people in Umtata. Cape Town: Medical Research Council Technical Report.
- Wood, K and R. Jewkes. 2006. Blood blockages and scolding nurses: Barriers to adolescent contraceptive use in South Africa. Reproductive Health Matters 4 (27): 109–118.