152
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

The ‘picaninny wage’. An historical overview of the persistence of structural inequality and child labour in South Africa

Pages 122-131 | Published online: 25 Sep 2015

References

  • Anti-Slavery Society. 1983. Child labor in South Africa. Report No. 7. London: Anti-Slavery Society.
  • Bass, Loretta E. 1994. Working for peanuts: Why and how are children incorporated into market-based work in urban areas in Senegal? Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the African Studies Association, Orlando, November 3.
  • Biko, Steve. 1978. I write what I like. South Africa: Raven Press.
  • Boddington, Erica. 1983. Domestic service: Changing relations of class domination 1841–1948: A focus on Cape Town. Unpublished Thesis. Cape Town: University of Cape Town.
  • Bundy, Colin. 1988. ‘Land, law, and power: Forced removals in historical context’, in No place to run: Forced removals in South Africa. Edited by Christina Murray and Katherine O'Regan. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Carton, Benedict. 2000. Blood from your children: The colonial origins of generational conflict in South Africa. Pietermaritzburg: University of Natal Press.
  • Casaburri, Ivy Matsepe. 1982. ‘On the question of women in South Africa’, in Whither South Africa? Edited by Bernard Magubane and Ibbo Mandaza, pp 137–160. N.J.: Africa World Press.
  • Chikane, Frank. 1986. ‘Children in turmoil: The effects of the unrest on township children’, in Growing up in a divided society: The contexts of childhood in South Africa. Edited by Sandra Burman and Pamela Reynolds, pp 333–334. Johannesburg: Raven Press.
  • Comaroff, Jean and John L. 1989. The colonization of consciousness in South Africa. Economy and Society 18(3): 267–293.
  • Delius, Peter. 1996. A lion amongst the cattle: Reconstruction and resistance in the Northern Transvaal. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann Johannesburg.
  • Fanon, Frantz. Black skin white masks. New York: Grove Press.
  • Foucault, Michel. 1978. The history of sexuality. New York: Random House.
  • Fyfe, Alex. 1994. Child labour. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Gailey, Christine Ward. 1999. Rethinking child labor in an age of capitalist restructuring. Critique of Anthropology 19(2): 115–119.
  • Geschiere, Peter and Reini Raatgever. 1985. ‘Introduction: Emerging insights and issues in French Marxist anthropology’, in Old modes of production and capitalist encroachment: Anthropological explorations in Africa. Edited by Wim van Binsbergen and Peter Geschiere, pp 1–38. London: KPI.
  • Giliomee, Herman Buhr. 2003. The Afrikaners: Biography of a people. Cape Town: Tafelberg.
  • Glase, Clive. 2002. Bo-tsotsi: The youth gangs of Soweto, 1935–1976. Cape Town: David Phillip.
  • Goldstein, Donna M. 1997. ‘Nothing bad intended: Child discipline, punishment, and survival in a shantytown in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil’, in Small wars: The cultural politics of childhood. Edited by Nancy Scheper-Hughes and Carolyn Sargent, pp 389–415. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Grier, Beverly. 1994. Invisible hands: The political economy of child labour in colonial Zimbabwe, 1890–1930. Journal of Southern African Studies 1:27–52.
  • Grier, Berverly. 1995. Earn as you learn: Child labor and schooling on the tea estates of colonial Zimbabwe. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of The African Studies Association, Florida, November 3.
  • Grier, Beverly. 2006. Invisible hands: Child labor and the state in colonial Zimbabwe Heinemann: NH.
  • Hansen, Karen Tranberg. 1990. ‘Labor migration and urban child labor during the colonial Period in Zambia’, in Demography from scanty evidence Edited by Bruce Fetter, pp 219–234. Boulder: Lynn Rienner.
  • Harsch, Ernest. 1985 Apartheid's great land theft. Intercontinental Press, December Issue.
  • Hecht, Tobias. 1998 At home on the streets: Street children of Northeast Brazil UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Hyslop, Jonathan 1988. ‘School student movements and state education policy 1972–87’, in Popular struggles in South Africa. Edited by William Cobbett and Robin Cohen, pp 183–209. Trenton, N.J.: Africa World Press.
  • James, Allison and Alan Prout, eds. 1990. Constructing and reconstructing childhood. London: The Falmer Press.
  • Klotz, Phyllis, Thobeka Maqutyans, and Nomvula Qosha. 1986. You strike the women you strike the rock (Wathint' Abafazi Wathint' Imbokotho). A play performed in Cape Town, South Africa.
  • Korbin, Jill E. 1981. Introduction to Child abuse and neglect: Cross cultural perspectives. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Korbin, Jill E. 1987. ‘Child sexual abuse: Implications from the cross-cultural record’, in Child Survival. Edited by Nancy Scheper-Hughes, pp 247–265. Holland: Reidel Publishing Company.
  • Levine, Susan. 1999. Bittersweet harvest: Children, work and the global march against child labour in the post-apartheid state. Critique of Anthropology 19(2): 139–155.
  • Levine, Susan. 2000. in the shadow of the vine: Child labour in South Africa. Unpublished Ph.D thesis. Temple University.
  • Magubane, Bernard. 1983. Imperialism and the making of the South African working class. Contemporary Marxism 6:19–56.
  • Magubane, Bernard. 1979 The political economy of race and class in South Africa. London: Monthly Review Press.
  • Magubane, Bernard. 1988. Whither South Africa? Johannesburg: Africa World Press.
  • Marx, Karl. 1976. Capital, Volume One. Ben Fowkes, trans. New York: Vintage Books.
  • Mbeki, Govan. 1964. South Africa: The peasants revolt. Baltimore: Penguin African Library.
  • Meillassoux, Claude. 1981. Maidens, meal and money. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Moodie, T. Dunbar. 1981. ‘Mine culture and miners’ identity on the South African gold mines’, in Town and countryside in the Transvaal. Edited by Belinda Bozzoli, pp 176–197. Johannesburg: Raven Press.
  • Moodie, T. Dunbar. 1992. Going for gold: Men, mines, and migration. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Nieuwenhuys, Olga. 1994. Children's lifeworlds: Gender, welfare, and labour in the developing world. London: Routledge.
  • Nieuwenhuys, Olga. 1996. The paradox of child labor and anthropology. Annual Review of Anthropology 25: 237–51
  • Plaatje, Sol T. 1916. Native life in South Africa. Johannesburg: Ravan Press.
  • Porter, Karen A. 1995. They also labor: Children in the Pare Mountains of Tanzania. Paper presented at the 38th Annual Meeting of the African Studies Association, Florida, November 3.
  • Powdermaker, Hortense. 1956. Social change through imagery and values of teenage Africans in Northern Rhodesia. American Anthropologist 58: 783–812.
  • Reynolds, Pamela. 1989. Childhood in Crossroads. Cape Town: David Philip.
  • Scheper-Hughes, Nancy and Carolyn Sargent. 1998. Small wars: The cultural politics of childhood. Edited by Nancy Scheper-Hughes and Carolyn Sargent. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Scully, Pamela. 1992. ‘Liquor and labor in the Western Cape, 1870–1900’, in Liquor and labor in Southern Africa. Edited by Jonathan Crush and Charles Ambler, pp 56–77. Athens: Ohio University Press.
  • Shell, Robert C.-H. 1994. Children of bondage. Witwatersrand: Witwatersrand University Press.
  • Stephens, Sharon. 1995. Children and the politics of culture. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Tatum, Lyle. 1982. South Africa: Challenge and hope. Philadelphia: Hill and Wang.
  • Trapido, Stanley. 1976. The ng apprenticeship: Captivity in the Trans-Vaal, 1843–1881. Paper delivered at the Conference on Southern African Labour History, African Studies Institute University of the Witswatersrand—April 10, 1976.
  • Trapido, Stanley. 1975. Aspects in the transition from slavery to serfdom: The South African Republic 1842–1902. African Studies Pamphlet Collection, University of Cape Town.
  • United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). 1987. Children on the frontline: The impact of apartheid, destabilization and warfare on children in Southern and South Africa. New York: UNICEF
  • Van Onselen, Charles. 1976. Chibaro: African mine labour in Southern Rhodesia. 1900–1933. London: Pluto Press.
  • Van Onselen, Charles. 1996. The seed is mine. Cape Town: David Philip.
  • Waldman, Linda Pearl. 1993. Here you will remain: Adolescent experience on farms in the Western Cape. Unpublished Dissertation. Cape Town: University of Cape Town.
  • Wolpe, Harold. 1990. Race, class, and the apartheid state. Paris: Unesco Press.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.