Governing ‘ungoverned’ space: humanitarianism, citizenship, and the civilian sphere in the territorialising practices of the US national security complex

References

• Anderson, G.W. 2014. Bridging the divide: How can USAID and DoD integrate security and development more effectively in Africa? The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs 38, no. 1: 101–26.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, W. 2006. Colonial pathologies: American tropical medicine, race, and hygiene in the philippines. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ansorge, J.T., and T. Barkawi. 2014. Utile forms: Power and knowledge in small war. Review of International Studies 40: 3–24. doi:10.1017/S0260210513000016.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Attewell, W. 2015. Ghosts in the delta: USAID and the historical geographies of Vietnam’s ‘other’ war. Environment and Planning A 47, no. 11: 2257–75. doi:10.1068/a140114p.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bachmann, J. 2010. Kick down the door, clean up the mess, and rebuild the house: The Africa command and transformation of the US military. Geopolitics 15, no. 3: 564–85. doi:10.1080/14650040903501088.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bachmann, J. 2017. Militarization going places? Exploring the US military’s civil affairs mission in East Africa. Critical Military Studies. Advanced online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/23337486.2017.1328809
   Google Scholar
• Barnett, T. 2004. The Pentagon’s New Map: War and peace in the twenty-first century. New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Belcher, O., and L. Martin. 2013. Ethnographies of closed doors: Conceptualising openness and closure in US immigration and military institutions. Area 45, no. 4: 403–10. doi:10.1111/area.12048.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell, C. 2011. Civilianising warfare: Ways of war and peace in modern counterinsurgency. Journal of International Relations and Development 14, no. 3: 309–32. doi:10.1057/jird.2010.16.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell, C. 2012. Hybrid warfare and its metaphors. Humanity: An International Journal of Human Rights, Humanitarianism and Development 3, no. 2: 225–47. doi:10.1353/hum.2012.0014.
   Google Scholar
• Blais, C. 2014. Governance innovation for security and development: Recommendations for US army civil affairs 38G civil sector officers. Monterrey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School.
   Google Scholar
• Blakeley, R. 2009. State terrorism and neoliberalism: The north in the south. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Brandzel, A.L. 2005. Queering citizenship?: Same-sex marriage and the state. GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies 11, no. 2: 171–204. doi:10.1215/10642684-11-2-171.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chakrabarty, D. 2000. Provincializing Europe: Postcolonial thought and historical difference. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cowen, D., and N. Smith. 2009. After geopolitics? From the geopolitical social to geoeconomics. Antipode 41, no. 1: 22–48. doi:10.1111/anti.2009.41.issue-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cromer, S. 2011. USAID and US Africa command. House Committee on Foreign Affairs, July 26. http://chrissmith.house.gov/uploadedfiles/testimony_of_sharon_cromer_usaid.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Dean, M. 1999. Governmentality: Power and rule in modern society. London: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Department of Defense. 2005. Report of the defense science board task force on institutionalizing stability operations. Washington, DC: Department of Defense.
   Google Scholar
• Department of State. 2017. Programs and initiatives https://www.state.gov/j/ct/programs/index.htm#TSCTP.
   Google Scholar
• Duffield, M. 2005. Getting savages to fight barbarians: Development, security and the colonial present. Conflict, Security & Development 5, no. 2: 141–59. doi:10.1080/14678800500170068.
   Google Scholar
• Duffield, M. 2007. Development, security and unending war: Governing the world of peoples. Cambridge: Polity.
   Google Scholar
• Duffield, M. 2010. The liberal way of development and the development-security impasse: Exploring the global life-chance divide. Security Dialogue 41, no. 1: 53–76. doi:10.1177/0967010609357042.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elden, S. 2007. Governmentality, calculation, territory. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 25: 562–80. doi:10.1068/d428t.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Essex, J. 2013. Development, security, and aid: Geopolitics and geoeconomics at the US agency for international development. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fassin, D. 2012. Humanitarian reason: A moral history of the present. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fassin, D., and M. Pandolfi. 2010. Contemporary states of emergency: The politics of military and humanitarian interventions. New York: Zone Books.
   Google Scholar
• Flint, C., and G.W. Falah. 2004. How the United States justified its war on terrorism: Prime morality and the construction of a “just war”. Third World Quarterly 25, no. 8: 1379–99. doi:10.1080/0143659042000308429.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fluri, J. 2011. Bodies, bombs and barricades: Geographies of conflict and civilian (in)security. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 36: 280–96. doi:10.1111/tran.2011.36.issue-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foucault, M. 1978. The history of sexuality: Volume 1. New York: Pantheon Books.
   Google Scholar
• Foucault, M. 1991. Governmentality. In The Foucault effect: Studies in governmentality, ed. G. Burchell, C. Gordon, and P. Miller, 87–104. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Foucault, M. 2007. Security, territory, population: Lectures at the Collége de France, 1977-1978. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Friedman, T. 2006. The world is flat: A brief history of the twenty-first century. New York: Farrar, Strauss and Giroux.
   Google Scholar
• Gilbert, E. 2015. Money as a “weapons system” and the entrepreneurial way of war. Critical Military Studies 1, no. 3: 202–19. doi:10.1080/23337486.2015.1063810.
   Google Scholar
• Goldman, M. 2001. Constructing an environmental state: Eco-governmentality and other transnational practices of a ‘Green’ World Bank. Social Problems 48, no. 4: 499–523. doi:10.1525/sp.2001.48.4.499.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham, S. 2010. Cities under Siege: The new military urbanism. London: Verso.
   Google Scholar
• Greenburg, J. 2017. Going back to history: Haiti and US military humanitarian knowledge production. Critical Military Studies. Advanced online publciation. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23337486.2017.1313380
   Google Scholar
• Gregory, D. 2004. The colonial present. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Gregory, D. 2006. The black flag: Guantánamo Bay and the space of exception. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography 88, no. 4: 405–27. doi:10.1111/geob.2006.88.issue-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gregory, D. 2008. The rush to the intimate: Counterinsurgency and the cultural turn in late modern war. Radical Philosophy 150: 8–23.
   Google Scholar
• Harrison, G. 2010. Neoliberal Africa: The impact of global social engineering. London: Zed Books.
   Google Scholar
• Helmus, T.C., C. Paul, and R.W. Glenn. 2007. Enlisting Madison avenue: The marketing approach to earning popular support in theaters of operations. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Hindess, B. 2005. Citizenship and empire. In Sovereign bodies: Citizens, migrants, and states in the postcolonial world, ed. T. Blon Hansen, and F. Stepputat, 241–56. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hunt, K. 2002. The strategic co-optation of women’s rights: Discourse in the ‘War on Terrorism.’. International Feminist Journal of Politics 4, no. 1: 116–21. doi:10.1080/14616740110108749.
   Google Scholar
• Hyndman, J. 2000. Managing displacement: Refugees and the politics of humanitarianism. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• Isin, E., J. Brodie, D. Juteau, and D. Stasiulis. 2008. Recasting the social in citizenship. In Recasting the social in citizenship, ed. E. Isin, 3–19. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
   Google Scholar
• Joint and Coalition Operational Analysis. 2016. Operation United Assistance: The DOD response to Ebola in West Africa. Suffolk, Virginia: Joint and Coalition Operational Analysis.
   Google Scholar
• Joseph, J. 2010. The limits of governmentality: Social theory and the international. European Journal of International Relations 16, no. 2: 223–46. doi:10.1177/1354066109346886.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kauffeld, B.D. 2014. USAID and DoD: analysis and recommendations to enhance development-military cooperation. Carlisle, PA: Peacekeeping and Stability Operations Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Khalili, L. 2013. Time in the shadows: Confinement in counterinsurgencies. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Klein, N. 2007. The shock doctrine: The rise of disaster capitalism. London: Allen Lane.
   Google Scholar
• Li, T.M. 2007. The will to improve. London: Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lindborg, N.E. 2013. The growing crisis in Africa’s Sahel Region. House Committee on Foreign Affairs, May 21. http://docs.house.gov/meetings/FA/FA16/20130521/100886/HHRG-113-FA16-Wstate-LindborgN-20130521.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Lindon, T. 2014. Institute for military support to governance: Ways Ahead. Power Point Presentation Fort Bragg, North Carolina: John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School. http://www.faoa.org/Resources/Documents/2014-1%20CART%20IMSG%20Brief.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Marshall, T.H. 1992. Citizenship and social class and other essays. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• McClintock, A. 1995. Imperial leather: Race, gender and sexuality in the colonial context. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• McClintock, M. 1985. The American connection volume one: State terror and popular resistance in El Salvador. London: Zed Books.
   Google Scholar
• Minca, C. 2005. The return of the Camp. Progress in Human Geography 29, no. 4: 405–12. doi:10.1191/0309132505ph557xx.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell, D. 2005. The S.U.V. model of citizenship: Floating bubbles, buffer zones, and the rise of the “purely atomic” individual. Political Geography 24: 77–100. doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2004.06.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell, K. 2010. Ungoverned space: Global security and the geopolitics of broken windows. Political Geography 29, no. 5: 289–97. doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2010.03.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore, A., and J. Walker. 2016. Tracing the US military’s presence in Africa. Geopolitics 21, no. 3: 686–716. doi:10.1080/14650045.2016.1160060.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrissey, J. 2015. Securitizing instability: The US military and full spectrum operations. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 33, no. 4: 609–25. doi:10.1068/d14033p.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mountz, A. 2009. Seeking Asylum: Human smuggling and bureaucracy at the Border. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• O’Malley, P., L. Weir, and C. Shearing. 1997. Governmentality, criticism, politics. Economy and Society 26, no. 4: 501–17. doi:10.1080/03085149700000026.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parpart, J.L. 2003. Deconstructing the “Development Expert”: Gender, development and the “vulnerable” groups. In Feminism/Postmodernism/Development, ed. M.H. Marchand, and J.L. Parpart, 221–43. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Piombo, J. 2010. Military provision of humanitarian and civic assistance: A day in the life of a civil affairs team in the horn of Africa. Monterrey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School.
   Google Scholar
• Puar, J.K. 2006. Mapping US homonormativities. Gender, Place and Culture 13, no. 1: 67–88. doi:10.1080/09663690500531014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts, S. 2014. Development capital: USAID and the rise of development capital. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 104, no. 5: 1030–51. doi:10.1080/00045608.2014.924749.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts, S., A. Secor, and M. Sparke. 2004. Neoliberal geopolitics. Antipode 35, no. 5: 886–97. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8330.2003.00363.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose, N. 1996. Governing “Advanced” liberal democracies. In Foucault and political reason, eds. A. Barry, T. Osborne, and N. Rose. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Said, E.W. 1978. Orientalism. New York: Vintage.
   Google Scholar
• Shapiro, M. 1997. Violent cartographies: Mapping cultures of war. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, A. 2013. Voting and indigenous disappearance. Settler Colonial Studies 3, no. 3–4: 352–68. doi:10.1080/2201473X.2013.810698.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, N. 2005. The endgame of globalization. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Taw, J.M. 2012. Mission revolution: The US military and stability operations. New York: Colombia University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Turse, N. 2015. US special ops forces deployed in 135 nations: 2015 proves to be record-breaking year for the military’s secret military. Tomdispatch, September 24. http://www.tomdispatch.com/post/176048/tomgram%3A_nick_turse,_a_secret_war_in_135_countries/.
   Google Scholar
• US Africa Command. 2010. Trans Sahara counter terrorism partnership. Stuttgart: US Africa Command.
   Google Scholar
• US Agency for International Development. 2008. Civilian military cooperation policy. Washington, DC: US Agency for International Development.
   Google Scholar
• US Agency for International Development. 2009. A guide to economic growth in post-conflict countries. Washington, DC: US Agency for International Development.
   Google Scholar
• US Agency for International Development. 2010a. Office of Transition Initiatives: 1994-2009. Washington, DC: US Agency for International Development.
   Google Scholar
• US Agency for International Development. 2010b. Statement by senior deputy assistant administrator Susan G. Reichle, Bureau for Democracy, Conflict, and Humanitarian Assistance.” US Agency for International Development, July 24. https://www.usaid.gov/news-information/congressional-testimony/statement-senior-deputy-assistant-administrator-susan-g.
   Google Scholar
• US Agency for International Development. 2011. The development response to violent extremism and insurgency. Washington, DC: US Agency for International Development.
   Google Scholar
• US Agency for International Development. 2013. USAID strategy on democracy, human rights, and governance. Washington, DC: US Agency for International Development.
   Google Scholar
• US Agency for International Development. 2014. The user’s guide to democracy, human rights and governance programming. Washington, DC: US Agency for International Development.
   Google Scholar
• US Agency for International Development. 2015. USAID policy on cooperation with the department of defense. Washington, DC: US Agency for International Development.
   Google Scholar
• US Agency for International Development. 2016. What we do. US Agency for International Development, July 08. https://www.usaid.gov/what-we-do.
   Google Scholar
• US Army. 2012a. ADRP 3-07 stability. Washington, DC: Department of the Army.
   Google Scholar
• US Army. 2012b. ADRP 3-0 unified land operations. Washington, DC: Department of the Army.
   Google Scholar
• US Army. 2014a. The US army operating concept: Win in a complex world. Fort Eustis, VA: US Army Training and Doctrine Command.
   Google Scholar
• US Army. 2014b. FM3-07 stability operations. Washington, DC: Department of the Army.
   Google Scholar
• US Army. 2014c. ATP3-57.30 civil affairs support to nation assistance. Washington, DC: Department of the Army.
   Google Scholar
• US Department of State. 2010. Leading through civilian power: The first quadrennial diplomacy and development review. Washington, DC: US Department of State.
   Google Scholar
• US Joint Chiefs of Staff. 2011. Joint publication 5-0: Joint operation planning. Arlington, VA: Department of Defense.
   Google Scholar
• US Joint Forces Command. 2010. Handbook for military support to economic stabilization. Norfolk, VA: US Joint Forces Command.
   Google Scholar
• US Special Operations Command. 2015. The gray zone. Fort Leavenworth, KA: US Special Operations Command.
   Google Scholar
• Ward, W., and T.P. Galvin. 2010. Africa’s future is up to Africans: Putting the president’s words into action. Joint Force Quarterly 58, no. 3: 6–12.
   Google Scholar
• Weizman, E. 2011. The least of all possible evils: Humanitarian violence from Arendt to Gaza. London: Verso.
   Google Scholar
• White House. 2010. The presidential policy directive on global development. Washington, DC: The White House.
   Google Scholar
• White House. 2015. National security strategy. Washington, DC: The White House.
   Google Scholar
• Zumwalt, J. 2016. Remarks by ambassador Zumwalt: Closing ceremony for flintlock 16. Department of State, February 29. https://photos.state.gov/libraries/senegal/323264/pdf/sp-en-2016-02-29.pdf
   Google Scholar