143
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Eison, Monkan, and the cult of founders in medieval Japan: on the construction of narrative and material selves in East Asian Buddhism

ORCID Icon

Bibliography

Abbreviations

  • SEDS Saidaiji Eison denki shūsei 西大寺叡尊傳記集成. Nara Kokuritsu Bunkazai Kenkyūjo 奈良国立文化財研究所, ed. Kyoto: Hōzōkan, 1977.
  • T Takakusu Junjirō 高楠順次郎 and Watanabe Kaigyoku 渡邊海旭, et al. (eds.). 1924-1935. Taishō shinshū daizōkyō 大正新脩大藏經 [Buddhist Canon Compiled during the Taishō Era (1912-26)]. 100 vols. Tokyo: Taishō Issaikyō Kankōkai 大正一切經刊行會.

Primary Sources

  • Beihua jing 悲華經 [Compassionate Flower Sūtra]. 10 juan. T no. 157, vol. 3.
  • Chōmonshū. See Kōshō Bosatsu gokyōkai chōmonshū (Eison).
  • Eison ganmon 叡尊願文 [Votive Text by Eison (1201-90)]. 1269/3/25. In Kamakura ibun 鎌倉遺文 [Extant Documents of the Kamakura Period], vol. 14, edited by Takeuchi Rizō 竹内理三, 24–26 (doc. 10404). Tokyo: Tōkyōdō Shuppan, 1971-97
  • Fanwang jing 梵網經 [Brahmā Net Sūtra]. 2 juan. T no. 1484, vol. 24.
  • Gakushōki. See Kongō Busshi Eison kanjin gakushōki.
  • Go-Fushimi tennō rinji 後伏見天皇綸旨 [Imperial Edict by Emperor Go-Fushimi]. 1300/intercalary 7/3. In SEDS, 203-4.
  • Hannyaji Monju engi 般若寺文殊縁起 [Account of the Origin of the Hannyaji Mañjuśrī]. By Eison 叡尊 (1201-90), 1267/7/23. In Yamato koji taikan 大和古寺大観 [Compendium of Ancient Temples in Yamato], vol. 3, edited by Ōta Hirotarō 太田博太郎 et al., 135a-136a. Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, 1976–1978.
  • Hizō hōyaku 祕蔵宝鑰 [Precious Key to the Secret Treasury]. By Kūkai 空海 (774-835), 830. T no. 2426, vol. 78.
  • Jisei jukaiki 自誓受戒記 [Record of Self-Ordination]. By Eison 叡尊 (1201-90), 1236/9. In SEDS, 337-38.
  • Kameyama hōō inzen 龜山法皇院宣 [Directive by Retired Emperor Kameyama]. 1300/7/4. In SEDS, 203.
  • Kongō Busshi Eison kanjin gakushōki 金剛佛子叡尊感身學正記 [The Diamond Buddha-disciple Eison’s Record of Physical Response and Study of the True]. By Eison 叡尊 (1201-90), 1285-1286. In SEDS, 1–63.
  • Kōshō Bosatsu gokyōkai chōmonshū (Eison) 興正菩薩御教誡聴聞集 (叡尊) [Collection of Admonitions Heard from Kōshō Bosatsu (Eison)]. Sermons attributed to Eison 叡尊 (1201-90). Edited by Tanaka Hisao 田中久夫. In Nihon shisō taikei 日本思想体系 [Compendium of Japanese Thought] 15: Kamakura kyū bukkyō 鎌倉旧仏教 [Old Kamakura Buddhism], edited by Kamata Shigeo 鎌田茂雄 and Tanaka Hisao, 189-226, 440-49, 523-26. Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, 1971.
  • Miaofa lianhua jing 妙法蓮華經 [Lotus Sūtra]. 7 (alt. 8) juan. T no. 262, vol. 9.
  • Saidai chokushi Kōshō Bosatsu gyōjitsu nenpu 西大勅諡興正菩薩行實年譜 [Chronological Record of the Activities of the Imperially Named Kōshō Bosatsu of Saidaiji]. By Jikō 慈光 (d.u.), Genroku era (1688–1704). In SEDS, 107-206.
  • Saigyokushō 西玉抄 [Compendium of the Western Jewel]. By Monkan 文觀 (1278-1357), 1314. Unpublished (but forthcoming in a printed version, edited by Gaétan Rappo); colophon by Monkan printed in Chūsei shūkyō tekusuto taikei no fukugenteki kenkyū: Shinpukuji shōgyō tenseki no saikōchiku 中世宗教テクスト体系の復元的研究: 真福寺聖教典籍の再構築 [Restorative Research on the System of Medieval Religious Texts: Reconstructing Shinpukuji’s Sacred Works and Scriptures], edited by Abe Yasurō 阿部泰郎, 128. [Nagoya: Abe Yasurō], 2010.
  • Shari anchi jō 舎利安置狀 [Record of the Enshrinement of Relics]. By Saibutsu 西佛 (d.u.), 1270/ 3/6.
  • Shien-shōnin donin gyōhō ketsuge ki 思圓上人度人行法結夏記 [Record of Ordinations, Rites, and Summer Retreats Carried Out by Shien-shōnin (Eison)]. By Kyōe 鏡慧 (d.u.), 1290/ 10/9. In SEDS, 212-15.
  • Sifen lü 四分律 [Four-Part Vinaya]. 60 juan. T no. 1428, vol. 22.
  • Yuga dentō shō瑜伽傳燈鈔 [Compendium of the Yoga Transmission of the Lamp]. By Hōren 寶蓮 (d.u.), 1365. Printed and facsimile versions of the Monkan biography from this source in: Uchida Keiichi 内田啓一. ‘Monkanbō Kōshin ni kankei suru kaiga ni dai: Hakutsuru Bijutsukan zō goji Monju gazō to Onomichi Jōdoji zō Nyoirin Kannon Bosatsu gazō’ 文観房弘真に関係する絵画二題: 白鶴美術館蔵五字文殊画像と尾道浄土寺蔵如意輪観音菩薩画像 [Two Paintings Related to Monkanbō Kōshin: The Five-Syllable Mañjuśrī Image Held by Hakutsuru Museum and the Wish-fulfilling Kannon Bodhisattva Image Held by Onomichi Jōdoji]. Nanto bukkyō 南都佛教 78 (2000): 78–79.

Modern Sources

  • Abé, Ryūichi. ‘Mantra, Hinin, and the Feminine: On the Salvational Strategies of Myōe and Eizon’. Cahiers d’Extrême-Asie 13 (2002-03): 101-25.
  • Abe Yasurō 阿部泰郎, ed. Chūsei shūkyō tekusuto taikei no fukugenteki kenkyū: Shinpukuji shōgyō tenseki no saikōchiku 中世宗教テクスト体系の復元的研究: 真福寺聖教典籍の再構築 [Restorative Research on the System of Medieval Religious Texts: Reconstruction of Shinpukuji’s Sacred Works and Scriptures]. [Nagoya: Abe Yasurō], 2010.
  • ———. ‘Hōju no katadoru ōken: Monkan Kōshin no sanzon gōgyō hō shōgyō to sono zuzō’ 宝珠の象る王権: 文観弘真の三尊合行法聖教とその図像 [The Symbolism of Wish-fulfilling Jewels and Royal Authority: Monkan Kōshin’s Sacred Works and Iconography for the Three-Deity Combinatory Rites]. Nihon no bijutsu 日本の美術 539 (2011): 80–93.
  • Albahari, Miri. Analytical Buddhism: The Two-Tiered Illusion of Self. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2006.
  • Brinker, Helmut. ‘Facing the Unseen: On the Interior Adornment of Eizon’s Iconic Body’. Archives of Asian Art, 50 (1997-98): 42–61.
  • Callahan, Christopher. ‘Recognizing the Founder, Seeing Amida Buddha: Kakunyo’s Hōon kōshiki’. Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 43, no. 1 (2016): 177–205.
  • Chadha, Monima. ‘No-Self and the Phenomenology of Agency’. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 16 (2017): 187–205.
  • ———. ‘Reconstructing Memories, Deconstructing the Self’. Mind & Language 34, no. 1 (2019): 121-38.
  • Collins, Steven. ‘A Buddhist Debate about the Self; and Remarks on Buddhism in the Work of Derek Parfit and Galen Strawson’. Journal of Indian Philosophy 25, no. 5 (1997): 467-93.
  • Conlan, Thomas Donald. From Sovereign to Symbol: An Age of Ritual Determinism in Fourteenth-Century Japan. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.
  • Dobbins, James C. ‘Portraits of Shinran in Medieval Pure Land Buddhism’. In Living Images: Japanese Buddhist Icons in Context, edited by Robert H. Sharf and Elizabeth Horton Sharf, 19–48. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001.
  • ———, ed. ‘The Legacy of Kuroda Toshio’. Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 23 (1996), no. 3–4.
  • Drummond, Donald. ‘Looking Back and Leaping Forward: Constructing Lineage in the Shingi-Shingon Tradition of Japan’. In Esoteric Buddhism and the Tantras in East Asia, edited by Charles D. Orzech, Henrik H. Sørensen, and Richard K. Payne, 815-26. Leiden: Brill, 2011.
  • Eckel, Malcolm David. ‘A Story of No Self: Literary and Philosophical Observations on Aśvaghoṣa’s Life of the Buddha’. In Narrative, Philosophy and Life, edited by Allen Speight, 61–79. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer, 2015.
  • Faure, Bernard. The Rhetoric of Immediacy: A Cultural Critique of Chan/Zen Buddhism. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991.
  • ———. Chan Insights and Oversights: An Epistemological Critique of the Chan Tradition. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993.
  • ———. ‘Substitute Bodies in Chan/Zen Buddhism’. In Religious Reflections on the Human Body, edited by Jane Marie Law, 211-29. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1995.
  • Fujii, Masao. ‘Founder Worship in Kamakura Buddhism’. In Religion and the Family in East Asia, edited by George A. De Vos and Takao Sofue, 155-67. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986.
  • Ganeri, Jonardon. Attention, Not Self. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.
  • Goodwin, Janet R. Alms and Vagabonds: Buddhist Temples and Popular Patronage in Medieval Japan. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1994.
  • Groner, Paul. ‘Icons and Relics in Eison’s Religious Activities’. In Living Images: Japanese Buddhist Icons in Context, edited by Robert H. Sharf and Elizabeth Horton Sharf, 114-50. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001.
  • ———. Ryōgen and Mount Hiei: Japanese Tendai in the Tenth Century. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2002.
  • Hakeda, Yoshito S. Kūkai: Major Works; Translated, with an Account of His Life and a Study of His Thought. New York: Columbia University Press, 1972.
  • Hayes, Matthew. ‘Registers of Reception: Audience and Affiliation in an Early Modern Shingon Ritual Performance’. Journal of Asian Humanities at Kyushu University 5 (2020): 1–16.
  • Hershock, Peter D. ‘Person as Narration: The Dissolution of “Self” and “Other” in Ch’an Buddhism’. Philosophy East and West 44, no. 4 (1994): 685–710.
  • Hirata Yutaka 平田寬. Ebusshi no sakuhin 絵仏師の作品 [The Works of Buddhist Painters]. Tokyo: Chūō Kōron Bijutsu Shuppan, 1997.
  • Hosokawa Ryōichi 細川涼一. Chūsei no mibunsei to hinin 中世の身分制と非人 [The Medieval Status System and Outcasts]. Tokyo: Nihon Editā Sukūru Shuppanbu, 1994.
  • ——— , ed. Kanjin gakushōki 1: Saidaiji Eison no jiden 感身学正記 1: 西大寺叡尊の自伝 [Record of Physical Response and Study of the True, Vol. 1: Saidaiji Eison’s Autobiography]. Tokyo: Heibonsha, 1999.
  • ——— , ed. Kanjin gakushōki 2: Saidaiji Eison no jiden 感身学正記 2: 西大寺叡尊の自伝 [Record of Physical Response and Study of the True, Vol. 2: Saidaiji Eison’s Autobiography]. Tokyo: Heibonsha, 2020.
  • Inoue Mayumi 井野上眞弓. ‘Monkanbō Shuon to Kawachi kuni’ 文観房殊音と河内国 [Monkanbō Shuon and Kawachi Province]. Kairitsu bunka 戒律文化 2 (2003): 46–57.
  • Iyanaga Nobumi. ‘Tachikawa-ryū’. In Esoteric Buddhism and the Tantras in East Asia, edited by Charles D. Orzech, Henrik H. Sørensen, and Richard K. Payne, 803-14. Leiden: Brill, 2011.
  • Jones, C.V. ‘A Self-Aggrandizing Vehicle: Tathāgatagarbha, Tīrthikas, and the True Self’. Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies 39 (2016): 115-70.
  • Kanaji Isamu 金治勇. Shōtoku Taishi shinkō 聖徳太子信仰 [The Shōtoku Taishi Cult]. Tokyo: Shunjūsha, 1979.
  • Kobayashi Takeshi 小林剛. ‘Saidaiji Monju Bosatsu zō nōnyūbutsu’ 西大寺文殊菩薩像納入物 [Objects Deposited in the Saidaiji Mañjuśrī Bodhisattva Sculpture]. Yamato bunka kenkyū 大和文化研究 2, no. 2 (1954): 45–55.
  • Krueger, Joel W. ‘The Who and the How of Experience’. In Self, No Self? Perspectives from Analytical, Phenomenological, and Indian Traditions, edited by Mark Siderits, Evan Thompson, and Dan Zahavi, 27–55. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.
  • Kushida Ryōkō 櫛田良洪. Zoku shingon mikkyō seiritsu katei no kenkyū 続真言密敎成立過程の研究 [Continued Studies of the Formation of Shingon Esotericism]. Tokyo: Sankibō Busshorin, 1979.
  • Lee, Kenneth Doo Young. The Prince and the Monk: Shōtoku Worship in Shinran’s Buddhism. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2007.
  • Mainichi Shinbunsha ‘Juyō Bunkazai’ Iinkai Jimukyoku 每日新聞社「重要文化財」委員会事務局, ed. Juyō bunkazai: Bekkan II; Zōnai nōnyūhin 重要文化財: 別卷 II; 像內納入品 [Important Cultural Properties: Supplementary Volume II; Objects Deposited in Sculptures]. Tokyo: Mainichi Shinbunsha, 1978.
  • Matsuo Kenji 松尾剛次. Kyūsai no shisō: Eizon kyōdan to Kamakura shin bukkyō 救済の思想: 叡尊教団と鎌倉新仏教 [Relief Thought: Eizon’s Order and New Kamakura Buddhism]. Tokyo: Kadokawa Shoten, 1996.
  • McMullen, Matthew D. ‘The Development of Esoteric Buddhist Scholasticism in Early Medieval Japan’. PhD diss., University of California, Berkeley, 2016.
  • Meeks, Lori R. Hokkeji and the Reemergence of Female Monastic Orders in Premodern Japan. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2010.
  • Meeks, Lori R. ‘Vows for the Masses: Eison and the Popular Expansion of Precept-Conferral Ceremonies in Premodern Japan’. In Buddhist Monasticism in East Asia: Places of Practice, edited by James A. Benn, Lori Meeks, and James Robson, 148-77. London: Routledge, 2010.
  • Mikkyō Gakkai 密教学会, ed. Mikkyō daijiten 密教大辞典 [Encyclopedia of Esoteric Buddhism]. Rev. and enl.; reduced size ed. Kyoto: Hōzōkan, 1983.
  • Mitsui Kinen Bijutsukan 三井記念美術館 et al., ed. Nara Saidaiji ten: Eison to ichimon no meihō; Sōken 1250-nen kinen 奈良西大寺展: 叡尊と一門の名宝; 創建 1250 年記念 [Celebrating the 1,250th Anniversary of the Founding of Saidai-Ji Temple, Nara: The Treasures of Eison and His School]. [Tokyo]: Nihon Keizai Shinbunsha, 2017.
  • Moriyama Shōshin 守山聖真. Tachikawa jakyō to sono shakaiteki haikei no kenkyū 立川邪教とその社会的背景の研究 [Studies of the Tachikawa Heretical Teachings and Their Social Context]. Tokyo: Sekibunsha, 1997. Original edition, Tokyo: Shikanoen, 1965.
  • Naitō Sakae 内藤栄. Shari shōgon bijutsu no kenkyū 舎利荘厳美術の研究 [Studies on the Art of Relic Adornment]. Tokyo: Seishi Shuppan, 2010.
  • Nara Kokuritsu Hakubutsukan 奈良国立博物館, ed. Nara Saidaiji ten: Kōshō Bosatsu Eison nanahyaku nen onki kinen 奈良西大寺展: 興正菩薩叡尊七百年遠忌記念 [Treasures of Buddhist Art from the Saidai-ji Temple, Nara]. 2d ed. Tokyo: Nihon Keizai Shinbunsha, 1991.
  • Nara Kokuritsu Hakubutsukan 奈良国立博物館, ed. Kamakura bukkyō: Kōsō to sono bijutsu 鎌倉仏教: 高僧とその美術 [Priests of Virtue in the Kamakura Period (1185-1333)]. Nara: Nara Kokuritsu Hakubutsukan, 1993.
  • Nara Kokuritsu Hakubutsukan 奈良国立博物館, ed. Kōshō Bosatsu Eison 興正菩薩叡尊 [Eison: Priest of Saidai-ji (1201-90)]. Tokyo: Nara Kokuritsu Hakubutsukan, 2001.
  • Nara Rokudaiji Taikan Kankōkai 奈良六大寺大観刊行会, ed. Nara rokudaiji taikan 奈良六大寺大観 [Compendium of the Six Great Temples of Nara]. Vol. 14, Saidaiji: Zen 西大寺: 全 [Saidaiji: Complete]. Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, 1973.
  • Ōishi Masaaki 大石雅章. ‘Hinin kyūsai to seichō annon: Rissō Eison no shūkyō katsudō’ 非人救済と聖朝安穏: 律僧叡尊の宗教活動 [‘Peace and Tranquility for the Reign’ and the Relief of Outcasts: The Ritsu Monk Eison’s Religious Activities]. In Taikei bukkyō to nihonjin 2: Kokka to tennō 大系仏教と日本人 2: 国家と天皇 [Compendium of Buddhism and the Japanese 2: The Emperor and the State], edited by Kuroda Toshio 黒田俊雄, 137-82. Tokyo: Shunjūsha, 1987.
  • Oishio Chihiro 追塩千尋. Chūsei no nanto bukkyō 中世の南都仏教 [Medieval Nara Buddhism]. Tokyo: Yoshikawa Kōbunkan, 1995.
  • ———. ‘Eison botsugo no Saidaiji: Ni-dai chōrō Shinkū to sono shūhen o megutte’ 叡尊歿後の西大寺: 二代長老信空とその周辺をめぐって [Saidaiji after Eison’s Passing: On the Second Elder Shinkū and His Context]. In Inseiki no bukkyō 院政期の仏教 [Buddhism in the Era of Retired Emperors], edited by Hayami Tasuku 速水侑, 360–410. Tokyo: Yoshikawa Kōbunkan, 1998.
  • Park, Jungnok. 2012. How Buddhism Acquired a Soul on the Way to China. Bristol, Connecticut: Equinox.
  • Proffitt, Aaron P. ‘Mysteries of Speech and Breath: Dōhan’s 道範 (1179-1252) Himitsu Nenbutsu Shō 祕密念佛抄 and Esoteric Pure Land Buddhism’. PhD diss., University of Michigan, 2015.
  • Quinter, David. ‘Creating Bodhisattvas: Eison, Hinin, and the “Living Mañjuśrī”’. Monumenta Nipponica 62, no. 4 (2007): 437-79.
  • ———. ‘Emulation and Erasure: Eison, Ninshō, and the Gyōki Cult’. Eastern Buddhist, 39, no. 1 (2008): 29–60.
  • ———. ‘Enacting Identities: Chōgen, Kujō Kanezane, and the Tōdaiji Great Buddha’. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association for Asian Studies (AAS), Philadelphia, March 28, 2014.
  • ———. ‘Localizing Strategies: Eison and the Shōtoku Taishi Cult’. Monumenta Nipponica 69, no. 2 (2014): 153–219.
  • ———. From Outcasts to Emperors: Shingon Ritsu and the Mañjuśrī Cult in Medieval Japan. Leiden: Brill, 2015.
  • ———. ‘Mantras and Materialities: Saidaiji Order Kōmyō Shingon Practices’. Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 45, no. 2 (2018): 309-40.
  • Rambelli, Fabio. ‘In Search of the Buddha’s Intention: Raiyu and the World of Medieval Shingon Learned Monks (gakuryo)’. In Shingi Shingon kyōgaku no kenkyū: Raiyu-sōjō nanahyaku nen goonki kinen ronshū 新義真言教学の研究: 頼瑜僧正七百年御遠忌記念論集 [Studies of Shingi Shingon Traditions: Collected Essays Commemorating the 700th-Year Memorial for Raiyu-sōjō], edited by Sanpa Gōdō Kinen Ronshū Henshū Iinkai 三派合同記念論集編集委員会, 1236-1208 (reverse pagination). Tokyo: Daizō Shuppan, 2002.
  • Rappo, Gaétan. ‘Heresy and Heresiology in Shingon Buddhism: Reading the Catalogues of “Perverse Texts”.’ Cahiers d’Extrême-Asie 26 (2017): 137-52.
  • ———. Rhétoriques de l’hérésie dans le Japon médiéval et moderne: Le moine Monkan (1278–1357) et sa réputation posthume. Paris: L’Harmattan, 2017.
  • ———. ‘Data Mining in the Works of the Shingon Monk Monkan (1278–1357): Using Digital Methods to Assess the Contested Authorship of Three Religious Texts from Medieval Japan’. Journal of the Japanese Association for Digital Humanities 3, no. 1 (2018): 114-49.
  • ———. ‘Monkan’. In Brill’s Encyclopedia of Buddhism 2: Lives, edited by Jonathan A. Silk et al., 1047-56. Leiden: Brill, 2019.
  • ———. '“Deviant Teachings”: The Tachikawa Lineage as a Moving Concept in Japanese Buddhism’. Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 47, no. 1 (2020): 103-33.
  • Robson, James. ‘Relic Wary: Facets of Buddhist Relic Veneration in East Asia and Recent Scholarship’. International Journal of Buddhist Thought & Culture 27, no. 2 (2017): 15–38.
  • Ruppert, Brian. ‘Raiyu’. In Brill’s Encyclopedia of Buddhism 2: Lives, edited by Jonathan A. Silk et al., 1094-96. Leiden: Brill, 2019.
  • Sakaki Gikō 榊義孝. ‘Shingi shingon no rongi 新義真言の論議’. In Rongi no kenkyū 論議の研究, edited by Chisan Kangakukai 智山勧学会, 185–222. Tokyo: Seishi Shuppan, 2000.
  • Sanpa Gōdō Kinen Ronshū Henshū Iinkai 三派合同記念論集編集委員会, ed. Shingi Shingon kyōgaku no kenkyū: Raiyu-sōjō nanahyaku nen goonki kinen ronshū 新義真言教学の研究: 頼瑜僧正七百年御遠忌記念論集 [Studies of Shingi Shingon Traditions: Collected Essays Commemorating the 700th-Year Memorial for Raiyu-sōjō]. Tokyo: Daizō Shuppan, 2002.
  • Sharf, Robert H. ‘Introduction: Prolegomenon to the Study of Japanese Buddhist Icons’. In Living Images: Japanese Buddhist Icons in Context, edited by Robert H. Sharf and Elizabeth Horton Sharf, 1–18. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001.
  • Siderits, Mark. Personal Identity and Buddhist Philosophy: Empty Persons. 2d ed. Surrey, England: Ashgate, 2015.
  • Siderits, Mark, Evan Thompson, and Dan Zahavi, eds. Self, No Self? Perspectives from Analytical, Phenomenological, and Indian Traditions. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.
  • Stone, Jacqueline I. Original Enlightenment and the Transformation of Medieval Japanese Buddhism. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1999.
  • Tamura Ryūshō 田村隆照. ‘Monkanbō Kōshin to Monju shinkō’ 文観房弘真と文殊信仰 [Monkanbō Kōshin and the Mañjuśrī Cult]. Mikkyō bunka 密教文化 76 (1966): 1–13.
  • Tōkyō Daigaku Shiryō Hensanjo 東京大学史料編纂所, ed. Dai Nihon shiryō 大日本史料 [Historical Records of Great Japan] series 6. Vol. 21. Tokyo: Tōkyō Teikoku Daigaku, 1924.
  • Tsujimura Taizen 辻村泰善. ‘“Yuga dentō shō” ni miru Monkan den’ 『瑜伽伝燈鈔』にみる文観伝 [Monkan’s Biography as Seen in the Compendium of the Yoga Transmission of the Lamp]. Gangōji bunkazai kenkyū 元興寺文化財研究 69 (1999): 1–5.
  • Uchida Keiichi 内田啓一. ‘Monkanbō Kōshin ni kankei suru kaiga ni dai: Hakutsuru Bijutsukan zō goji Monju gazō to Onomichi Jōdoji zō Nyoirin Kannon Bosatsu gazō’ 文観房弘真に関係する絵画二題: 白鶴美術館蔵五字文殊画像と尾道浄土寺蔵如意輪観音菩薩画像 [Two Paintings Related to Monkanbō Kōshin: The Five-Syllable Mañjuśrī Image Held by Hakutsuru Museum and the Wish-fulfilling Kannon Bodhisattva Image Held by Onomichi Jōdoji]. Nanto bukkyō 南都佛教 78 (2000): 76–101.
  • ———. Monkanbō Kōshin to bijutsu 文観房弘真と美術 [Monkanbō Kōshin and Art]. Tokyo: Hōzōkan, 2006.
  • van der Veere, Henny. A Study into the Thought of Kōgyō Daishi Kakuban: With a Translation of His Gorin kuji myō himitsushaku. Leiden: Hotei Publishing, 2000.
  • Verhaeghen, Paul. ‘The Self-Effacing Buddhist: No(t)-Self in Early Buddhism and Contemplative Neuroscience’. Contemporary Buddhism 18, no. 1 (2017): 21–36.
  • Watson, Burton, trans. The Complete Works of Zhuangzi. Translations from the Asian Classics. New York: Columbia University Press, 2013.
  • Yoshida Fumio 吉田文夫. ‘Eison no kairitsu to jizen kyūsai 叡尊の戒律と慈善救済’ [Eison’s Precepts and Charitable Relief]. In Bukkyō to shakai fukushi no aida 仏教と社会福祉のあいだ [Between Buddhism and Social Welfare], edited by Hasegawa Yoshiko 長谷川よし子, 51–89. Chiba: Hasegawa Bukkyō Bunka Kenkyūjo, 1977.
  • ———. ‘Ninshō no shakai jigyō ni tsuite 忍性の社会事業について’ [On Ninshō’s Social Work]. In Chōgen, Eison, Ninshō 重源 ・ 叡尊 ・ 忍性 [Chōgen, Eison, and Ninshō], edited by Nakao Takashi 中尾堯 and Imai Masaharu 今井雅晴, 392–433. Tokyo: Yoshikawa Kōbunkan, 1983.
  • Zahavi, Dan. Self and Other: Exploring Subjectivity, Empathy, and Shame. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.