Low-Stakes Decisions and High-Stakes Dilemmas: Considering the Ethics Decision-Making of Freelance Magazine Journalists

References

• Abrahamson, D. (2007). Magazine exceptionalism. Journalism Studies, 8(4), 667–670. doi:10.1080/14616700701412225
   Google Scholar
• Adam, G. S., Craft, S., & Cohen, E. D. (2004). Three essays on journalism and virtue. Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 19(3–4), 247–275. doi:10.1080/08900523.2004.9679691
   Google Scholar
• Banaszynski, J. (2010). Conflicting loyalties and personal choices. In C. Meyers (Ed.), Journalism ethics: A philosophical approach (pp. 237–247). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Berkowitz, D., & Limor, Y. (2003). Professional confidence and situational ethics: Assessing the social-professional dialectic in journalistic ethics decisions. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 80(4), 783–801. doi:10.1177/107769900308000403
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borden, S. L. (2007). Journalism as practice: MacIntyre, virtue ethics and the press. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate Publishing Limited.
   Google Scholar
• Cameron, G. T., Ju-Pak, K. H., & Kim, B. H. (1996). Advertorials in magazines: Current use and compliance with industry guidelines. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 73(3), 722–733. doi:10.1177/107769909607300316
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheney, G., Lair, D. J., Ritz, D., & Kendall, B. E. (2010). Just a job? Communication, ethics, and professional life. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Christians, C. (1985). Enforcing media codes. Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 1(1), 14–21. doi:10.1080/08900528509358250
   Google Scholar
• Christians, C. G. (2007). Utilitarianism in media ethics and its discontents. Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 22(2&3), 113–131. doi:10.1080/08900520701315640
   Google Scholar
• Christians, C. G. (2008). Media ethics on a higher order of magnitude. Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 23(1), 3–14. doi:10.1080/08900520701753080
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman, R. (2010). Moral development and journalism. In C. Meyers (Ed.), Journalism ethics: A philosophical approach (pp. 25–33). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Coleman, R., & Wilkins, L. (2004). The moral development of journalists: A comparison with other professions and a model for predicting high quality ethical reasoning. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 81(3), 511–527. doi:10.1177/107769900408100304
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craig, D. A., & Ferré, J. P. (2006). Agape as an ethic of care for journalism. Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 21(2–3), 123–140. doi:10.1080/08900523.2006.9679729
   Google Scholar
• Deuze, M. (2005). What is journalism? Professional identity and ideology of journalists reconsidered. Journalism, 6(4), 442–464. doi:10.1177/1464884905056815
   Google Scholar
• Dougherty, D. S., & Drumheller, K. (2006). Sensemaking and emotions in organizations: Accounting for emotions in a rational (ized) context. Communication Studies, 57(2), 215–238. doi:10.1080/10510970600667030
   Google Scholar
• Edstrom, M., & Ladendorf, M. (2012). Freelance journalists as a flexible workforce in media industries. Journalism Practice, 6(5–6), 711–721. doi:10.1080/17512786.2012.667275
   Google Scholar
• Elliott, D., & Ozar, D. (2010). An explanation and a method for the ethics of journalism. In C. Meyers (Ed.), Journalism ethics: A philosophical approach (pp. 9–24). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Erdely, S. R. (2014, November 19). A rape on campus: A brutal assault and struggle for justice at UVA. Rolling Stone. Retrieved from http://www.rollingstone.com/culture/features/a-rape-on-campus-20141119
   Google Scholar
• Freedman, E. (2003). When goofs need more than saying “We’re sorry”. Journal of Magazine and New Media Research, 5(2), 1.
   Google Scholar
• Frey, J. H., & Fontana, A. (1994). Interviewing: The art of science. In K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 361–376). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Fröhlich, R., Koch, T., & Obermaier, M. (2013). What’s the harm in moonlighting? A qualitative survey on the role conflicts of freelance journalists with secondary employment in the field of PR. Media, Culture & Society, 35(7), 809–829. doi:10.1177/0163443713495076
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. New York, NY: Aldine de Gruyter.
   Google Scholar
• Harcup, T. (2014). The ethical newsroom: Where the individual and the collective work together. In W. N. Wyatt (Ed.), The ethics of journalism: Individual, institutional, and cultural influences (pp. 13–31). New York, NY: I.B. Tauris & Co. Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Hartley, J. (2000). Communicative democracy in a redactional society: The future of journalism studies. Journalism, 1(1), 39–47. doi:10.1177/146488490000100107
   Google Scholar
• Hartmann, M. (2015, March 24). Everything we know about the UVA rape case. New York magazine. Retrieved from http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2014/12/everything-we-know-uva-rape-case.html
   Google Scholar
• Hesterman, V. (1987). Consumer magazines and ethical guidelines. Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 2(2), 93–101. doi:10.1080/08900528709358299
   Google Scholar
• Holmes, T., & Nice, L. (2012). Magazine journalism. London, UK: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Keeble, R. (2008). Ethics for journalists. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Kohlberg, L. (1981). The philosophy of moral development: Moral stages and the idea of justice. Cambridge, MA: Harper & Row.
   Google Scholar
• Ladendorf, M. (2013). Freelance journalists’ ethical boundary settings in information work. Nordicom Review, 33(1), 83–98. doi:10.2478/nor-2013-0006
   Google Scholar
• Lambeth, E. L. (1992). Committed journalism: An ethic for the profession (2nd ed.) Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lindlof, T. R., & Taylor, B. C. (2002). Qualitative communication research methods (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• McManus, J. H. (1997). Who’s responsible for journalism? Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 12(1), 5–17. doi:10.1207/s15327728jmme1201_1
   Google Scholar
• Meyer, P. (1987). Ethical journalism: A guide for students, practitioners, and consumers. New York, NY: Longman.
   Google Scholar
• Patterson, P., & Wilkins, L. (2011). Media ethics: Issues and cases (7th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Perez-Pena, R., & Somaiya, R., (2014, December 5). Rolling Stone cites doubts on its story of University of Virginia rape. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/06/us/rolling-stone-re-examines-its-account-of-virginia-rape.html?_r=0
   Google Scholar
• Plaisance, P. L. (2011). Moral agency in media: Toward a model to explore key components of ethical practice. Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 26(2), 96–113. doi:10.1080/08900523.2011.559800
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plaisance, P. L. (2014). Media ethics: Key principles for responsible practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Plaisance, P. L. (2015). Virtue in media: The moral psychology of excellence in news and public relations. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Powers, D. (2009). “Bye bye rock”: On the possibility of an ethics of rock criticism. Journalism Studies, 10(3), 322–336. doi:10.1080/14616700902783937
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pritchard, D. (2014). The norms that govern journalism: An ecological approach. In W. N. Wyatt (Ed.), The ethics of journalism: Individual, institutional, and cultural influences (pp. 1–9). New York, NY: I.B. Tauris & Co. Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Rakow, L. F. (2011). Commentary: Interviews and focus groups as critical and cultural methods. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 88(2), 416–428. doi:10.1177/107769901108800211
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rest, J. R. (1979). Development in judging moral issues. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ryan, K. M. (2009). The performative journalist: Job satisfaction, temporary workers and American television news. Journalism, 10(5), 647–664. doi:10.1177/1464884909106537
   Google Scholar
• Sanders, K. (2003). Ethics and journalism. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Shoemaker, P. J., & Vos, T. (2009). Gatekeeping theory. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Somaiya, R. (2015, April 5). “Rolling Stone article on rape at University of Virginia failed all basics, report says.” The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/06/business/media/rolling-stone-retracts-article-on-rape-at-university-of-virginia.html?_r=0
   Google Scholar
• Starck, K. (2001). What’s right/wrong with journalism ethics research? Journalism Studies, 2(1), 133–150. doi:10.1080/14616700119246
   Google Scholar
• Steensen, S. (2009). The shaping of an online feature journalist. Journalism, 10(5), 702–718. doi:10.1177/1464884909106540
   Google Scholar
• Steiner, L., & Okrusch, C. M. (2006). Care as a virtue for journalists. Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 21(2–3), 102–122. doi:10.1080/08900523.2006.9679728
   Google Scholar
• Sumner, D. E., & Rhoades, S. (2006). Magazines: A complete guide to the industry (Vol. 2). New York: Peter Lang Publishing Incorporated.
   Google Scholar
• Thornton, B. (1998). The disappearing media ethics debate in letters to the editor. Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 13(1), 40–55. doi:10.1207/s15327728jmme1301_4
   Google Scholar
• Tuchman, G. (1978). Making news: A study in the construction of reality. New York, NY: Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Voakes, P. S. (1997). Social influences on journalists’ decision making in ethical situations. Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 12(1), 18–35. doi:10.1207/s15327728jmme1201_2
   Google Scholar
• Wilkins, L. (2014). My newsroom made me do it: The impact of organisational climate on ethical decision-making. In W. N. Wyatt (Ed.), The ethics of journalism: Individual, institutional, and cultural influences (pp. 33–53). New York: I.B. Tauris & Co. Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Wilkins, L., & Brennen, B. (2004). Conflicted interests, contested terrain: Journalism ethics codes then and now. Journalism Studies, 5(3), 297–309. doi:10.1080/1461670042000246061
   Google Scholar
• Wyatt, W. N., & Clasen, T. (2014). Ethics in the age of the solitary journalist. In W. N. Wyatt (Ed.), The ethics of journalism: Individual, institutional, and cultural influences (pp. 245–264). New York: I.B. Tauris & Co.
   Google Scholar