518
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

An in-depth analysis of nosocomial bloodstream infections due to Gram-negative bacilli: clinical features, microbiological characteristics and predictors of mortality in a 1 year, prospective study in a large tertiary care Italian hospital

, , , , , , , , & show all
Pages 12-22 | Received 22 Oct 2017, Accepted 18 Jun 2018, Published online: 28 Dec 2018

References

  • Goto M, Al-Hasan MN. Overall burden of bloodstream infection and nosocomial bloodstream infection in North America and Europe. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2013;19:501–509.
  • Kang CI, Kim SH, Park WB, et al. Bloodstream infections caused by antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacilli: risk factors for mortality and impact of inappropriate initial antimicrobial therapy on outcome. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005;49:760–766.
  • Chang TY, Lee CH, Liu JW. Clinical characteristics and risk factors for fatality in patients with bloodstream infections caused by glucose non-fermenting Gram-negative Bacilli. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2010;43:233–239.
  • Gaynes R, Edwards JR. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System. Overview of nosocomial infections caused by Gram-negative bacilli. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;41:848–854.
  • Braun E, Hussein K, Geffen Y, et al. Predominance of Gram-negative bacilli among patients with catheter-related bloodstream infections. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014;20:O627–O629.
  • Karchmer AW. Nosocomial bloodstream infections: organisms, risk factors, and implications. Clin Infect Dis. 2000;31:S139.
  • Djahmi N, Dunyach-Remy C, Pantel A, et al. Epidemiology of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter baumannii in Mediterranean countries. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:1.
  • Cantón R, Akóva M, Carmeli Y, et al. Rapid evolution and spread of carbapenemases among Enterobacteriaceae in Europe. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012;18:413–431.
  • Trecarichi EM, Cauda R, Tumbarello M. Detecting risk and predicting patient mortality in patients with extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae bloodstream infections. Future Microbiol. 2012;7:1173–1189.
  • Zilberberg MD, Shorr AF, Micek ST, et al. Multi-drug resistance, inappropriate initial antibiotic therapy and mortality in Gram-negative severe sepsis and septic shock: a retrospective cohort study. Crit Care. 2014;18:596.
  • Tumbarello M, Viale P, Viscoli C, et al. Predictors of mortality in bloodstream infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae: importance of combination therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;55:943–950.
  • Daikos GL, Tsaousi S, Tzouvelekis LS, et al. Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections: lowering mortality by antibiotic combination schemes and the role of carbapenems. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014; 58:2322–2328.
  • Garner JS, Jarvis WR, Emori TG, et al. CDC definitions for nosocomial infections, 1988. Am J Infect Control. 1988;16:128–140.
  • The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters. Version 5.0, 2015. http://www.eucast.org.
  • Favaro M, Sarti M, Fontana C. Multiplex real-time PCR probe-based for identification of strains producing: OXA48, VIM, KPC and NDM. World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2014;30:2995–3001.
  • Laupland KB, Kirkpatrick AW, Church DL, et al. Intensive-care-unit-acquired bloodstream infections in a regional critically ill population. J Hosp Infect. 2004;58:137–145.
  • Gardiner DF, Scholand SJ, Babinchak T. Mortality and Gram-negative rod bacteraemia in the intensive care unit. J Hosp Infect. 2006;62:453–457.
  • Kaye KS, Marchaim D, Chen TY, et al. Effect of nosocomial bloodstream infections on mortality, length of stay, and hospital costs in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2014;62:306–311.
  • Leistner R, Hirsemann E, Bloch A, et al. Costs and prolonged length of stay of central venous catheter-associated bloodstream infections (CVC BSI): a matched prospective cohort study. Infection. 2014;42:31–36.
  • Wong PH, von Krosigk M, Roscoe DL, et al. Antimicrobial co-resistance patterns of Gram-negative bacilli isolated from bloodstream infections: a longitudinal epidemiological study from 2002-2011. BMC Infect Dis. 2014;14:12–393.
  • Gudiol C, Tubau F, Calatayud L, et al. Bacteraemia due to multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli in cancer patients: risk factors, antibiotic therapy and outcomes. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011;66:657–663.
  • Trecarichi EM, Tumbarello M. Antimicrobial-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in febrile neutropenic patients with cancer: current epidemiology and clinical impact. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2014;27:200–210.
  • Mouloudi E, Protonotariou E, Zagorianou A, et al. Bloodstream infections caused by metallo-β-lactamase/Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae among intensive care unit patients in Greece: risk factors for infection and impact of type of resistance on outcomes. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2010;31:1250–1256.
  • Wu JN, Gan TE, Zhu YX, et al. Epidemiology and microbiology of nosocomial bloodstream infections: analysis of 482 cases from a retrospective surveillance study. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2015;16:70–77.
  • Patel SJ, Oliveira AP, Zhou JJ, et al. Risk factors and outcomes of infections caused by extremely drug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli in patients hospitalized in intensive care units. Am J Infect Control. 2014;42:626–631.
  • Karakoc C, Tekin R, Yeşilbağ Z, et al. Risk factors for mortality in patients with nosocomial Gram-negative rod bacteremia. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2013;17:951–957.
  • Al-Hasan MN, Lahr BD, Eckel-Passow JE, et al. Predictive scoring model of mortality in Gram-negative bloodstream infection. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2013;19:948–954.
  • Tabah A, Koulenti D, Laupland K, et al. Characteristics and determinants of outcome of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections in intensive care units: the EUROBACT International Cohort Study. Intensive Care Med. 2012;38:1930–1945.
  • Esterly JS, Wagner J, McLaughlin MM, et al. Evaluation of clinical outcomes in patients with bloodstream infections due to Gram-negative bacteria according to carbapenem MIC stratification. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2012;56:4885–4890.
  • Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, et al. The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA. 2016;315:762–710.
  • Dimopoulos G, Koulenti D, Tabah A, et al. Bloodstream infections in ICU with increased resistance: epidemiology and outcomes. Minerva Anestesiol. 2015;81:405–418.
  • Freire MP, Pierrotti LC, Filho HH, et al. Infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in cancer patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2015;34:277–286.
  • Albiger B, Glasner C, Struelens MJ, et al. Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Europe: assessment by national experts from 38 countries, May 2015. Euro Surveill. 2015;(45):pii=30062. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2015.20.45.30062.
  • European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Antimicrobial resistance surveillance in Europe 2011. Annual report of the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-Net). Stockholm, Sweden: ECDC; 2012.
  • Corcione S, Rocchetti A, Argentero PA, et al. A one-year survey of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Italy: beyond the ICU. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2015;21:e11–e13.
  • Corbellini S, Caccuri F, Gelmi M, et al. Emergence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains producing KPC-3 in Brescia Hospital, Italy. New Microbiol. 2014;37:177–183.
  • Parisi SG, Bartolini A, Santacatterina E, et al. Prevalence of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains producing carbapenemases and increase of resistance to colistin in an Italian teaching hospital from January 2012 to December 2014. BMC Infect Dis. 2015;15:244.
  • Ergönül Ö, Aydin M, Azap A, et al. Healthcare-associated Gram-negative bloodstream infections: antibiotic resistance and predictors of mortality. J Hosp Infect. 2016;94:381–385.
  • Blot S, Vandewoude KH, Colardyn FA. Evaluation of outcome in critically ill patients with nosocomial enterobacter bacteremia: results of a matched cohort study. Chest. 2003;123:1208–1213.
  • Blot S, Vandewoude KH, Colardyn FA. Clinical impact of nosocomial Klebsiella bacteremia in critically ill patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2002;21:471–473.
  • Cain SE, Kohn J, Bookstaver PB, et al. Stratification of the impact of inappropriate empirical antimicrobial therapy for Gram-negative bloodstream infections by predicted prognosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015; 59:245–250.
  • Peduzzi P, Concato J, Kemper E, et al. A simulation study of the number of events per variable in logistic regression analysis. J Clin Epidemiol. 1996;49:1373–1379.
  • Vittinghoff E, McCulloch CE. Relaxing the rule of ten events per variable in logistic and Cox regression. Am J Epidemiol. 2007;165:710–718.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.