Novel clinical and immunological features associated with persistent post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 after six months of follow-up: a pilot study

References

• Nalbandian A, Sehgal K, Gupta A, et al. Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Nat Med. 2021;27(4):601–615.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munipalli B, Seim L, Dawson NL, et al. Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC): a meta-narrative review of pathophysiology, prevalence, and management. SN Compr Clin Med. 2022;4(1):90.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Soriano JB, Murthy S, Marshall JC, WHO Clinical Case Definition Working Group on Post-COVID-19 Condition, et al. A clinical case definition of post-COVID-19 condition by a delphi consensus. Lancet Infect Dis. 2022;22(4):e102–e7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munblit D, Nicholson TR, Needham DM, et al. Studying the post-COVID-19 condition: research challenges, strategies, and importance of core outcome set development. BMC Med. 2022;20(1):50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinto MD, Downs CA, Huang Y, et al. A distinct symptom pattern emerges for COVID-19 long-haul: a nationwide study. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):15905.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma Y, Deng J, Liu Q, et al. Long-Term consequences of COVID-19 at 6 months and above: a systematic review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(11):6865.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ceban F, Ling S, Lui LMW, et al. Fatigue and cognitive impairment in Post-COVID-19 syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav Immun. 2022;101:93–135.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang Y, Pinto MD, Borelli JL, et al. COVID symptoms, symptom clusters, and predictors for becoming a Long-Hauler looking for clarity in the haze of the pandemic. Clin Nurs Res. 2022;31(8):1390–1398.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amenta EM, Spallone A, Rodriguez-Barradas MC, et al. Postacute COVID-19: an overview and approach to classification. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2020;7(12):ofaa509.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu Y, Chen X, Liu X. NETosis and neutrophil extracellular traps in COVID-19: immunothrombosis and Beyond. Front Immunol. 2022;13:838011.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Seeßle J, Waterboer T, Hippchen T, et al. Persistent symptoms in adult patients 1 year after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a prospective cohort study. Clin Infect Dis. 2022;74(7):1191–1198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Son K, Jamil R, Chowdhury A, et al. Circulating anti-nuclear autoantibodies in COVID-19 survivors predict long-COVID symptoms. Eur Respir J. 2022;2200970. DOI:10.1183/13993003.00970-2022
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torres-Ruiz J, Pérez-Fragoso A, Maravillas-Montero JL, et al. Redefining COVID-19 severity and prognosis: the role of clinical and immunobiotypes. Front Immunol. 2021;12:689966.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torres‐Ruiz J, Lomelín‐Gascón J, Lira‐Luna J, et al. FANSY POSTCOV: a composite clinical immunological predictive index for post‐COVID‐19 syndrome unveils distinctive features in a cohort study of mild to critical patients. Clinical and Translational Med. 2021;11(11):e623.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Biasi S, Meschiari M, Gibellini L, et al. Marked T cell activation, senescence, exhaustion and skewing towards TH17 in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):3434.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phetsouphanh C, Darley DR, Wilson DB, et al. Immunological dysfunction persists for 8 months following initial mild-to-moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nat Immunol. 2022;23(2):210–216.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Su Y, Yuan D, Chen DG, ISB-Swedish COVID-19 Biobanking Unit, et al. Multiple early factors anticipate post-acute COVID-19 sequelae. Cell. 2022;185(5):881–95 e20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu W, Tao ZW, Wang L, et al. Analysis of factors associated with disease outcomes in hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease. Chin Med J (Engl). 2020;133(9):1032–1038.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demko ZO, Yu T, Mullapudi SK, et al. Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) impact quality of life at 6, 12 and 18 months post-infection. medRxiv. 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Lood C, Blanco LP, Purmalek MM, et al. Neutrophil extracellular traps enriched in oxidized mitochondrial DNA are interferogenic and contribute to lupus-like disease. Nat Med. 2016;22(2):146–153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Böhning D, Holling H, Patilea V. A limitation of the diagnostic-odds ratio in determining an optimal cut-off value for a continuous diagnostic test. Stat Methods Med Res. 2011;20(5):541–550.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lipsitz SR, Buoncristiani JF. A robust goodness-of-fit test statistic with application to ordinal regression models. Stat Med. 1994;13(2):143–152.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zamanipoor Najafabadi AH, Ramspek CL, Dekker FW, et al. TRIPOD statement: a preliminary pre-post analysis of reporting and methods of prediction models. BMJ Open. 2020;10(9):e041537.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castanares-Zapatero D, Chalon P, Kohn L, et al. Pathophysiology and mechanism of long COVID: a comprehensive review. Ann Med. 2022;54(1):1473–1487.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jason LA, Islam M, Conroy K, et al. COVID-19 symptoms over time: comparing Long-Haulers to ME/CFS. Fatigue. 2021;9(2):59–68.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yang T, Yan MZ, Li X, et al. Sequelae of COVID-19 among previously hospitalized patients up to 1 year after discharge: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Infection. 2022;50(5):1067–1109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peghin M, Palese A, Venturini M, et al. Post-COVID-19 symptoms 6 months after acute infection among hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2021;27(10):1507–1513.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maglietta G, Diodati F, Puntoni M, et al. Prognostic factors for Post-COVID-19 syndrome: a systematic review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med. 2022;(6):11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schultheiß C, Willscher E, Paschold L, et al. The IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF cytokine triad is associated with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19. Cell Rep Med. 2022;3(6):100663.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Peluso MJ, Lu S, Tang AF, et al. Markers of immune activation and inflammation in individuals with postacute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. J Infect Dis. 2021;224(11):1839–1848.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulte-Schrepping J, Reusch N, Paclik D, Deutsche COVID-19 OMICS Initiative (DeCOI), et al. Severe COVID-19 is marked by a dysregulated myeloid cell compartment. Cell. 2020;182(6):1419–1440.e23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sui Y, Potula R, Dhillon N, et al. Neuronal apoptosis is mediated by CXCL10 overexpression in simian human immunodeficiency virus encephalitis. Am J Pathol. 2004;164(5):1557–1566.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montoya JG, Holmes TH, Anderson JN, et al. Cytokine signature associated with disease severity in chronic fatigue syndrome patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017;114(34):E7150–E7158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zickler M, Stanelle-Bertram S, Ehret S, et al. Replication of SARS-CoV-2 in adipose tissue determines organ and systemic lipid metabolism in hamsters and humans. Cell Metab. 2022;34(1):1–2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith M, Honce R, Schultz-Cherry S. Metabolic syndrome and viral pathogenesis: lessons from influenza and coronaviruses. J Virol. 2020;94(18):e00665–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehandru S, Merad M. Pathological sequelae of long-haul COVID. Nat Immunol. 2022;23(2):194–202.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oronsky B, Larson C, Hammond TC, et al. A review of persistent Post-COVID syndrome (PPCS). Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2021. DOI:10.1007/s12016-021-08848-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strioga M, Pasukoniene V, Characiejus D. CD8+ CD28− and CD8+ CD57+ T cells and their role in health and disease. Immunology. 2011;134(1):17–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Priol Y, Puthier D, Lécureuil C, et al. High cytotoxic and specific migratory potencies of senescent CD8+CD57+cells in HIV-Infected and uninfected individuals. J Immunol. 2006;177(8):5145–5154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scordo KA, Richmond MM, Munro N. Post–COVID-19 syndrome: theoretical basis, identification, and management. AACN Adv Crit Care. 2021;32(2):188–194.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kučinskaitė-Kodzė I, Simanavičius M, Šimaitis A, et al. Persistence of SARS-CoV-2-Specific antibodies for 13 months after infection. Viruses. 2021;13(11):2313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folgueira MD, Luczkowiak J, Lasala F, et al. Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 cell culture replication in respiratory samples from patients with severe COVID-19. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2021;27(6):886–891.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frasca D, Reidy L, Romero M, et al. The majority of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in COVID-19 patients with obesity are autoimmune and not neutralizing. Int J Obes. 2022;46(2):427–432.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang EY, Mao T, Klein J, Yale IMPACT Team, et al. Diverse functional autoantibodies in patients with COVID-19. Nature. 2021;595(7866):283–288.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar