References
- Abou-Chadi, T. (2016). Niche party success and mainstream party policy shifts – How green and radical right parties differ in their impact. British Journal of Political Science, 46(4), 417–436. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123414000155
- Abou-Chadi, T., & Krause, W. (2018). The causal effect of radical right success on mainstream parties’ policy positions: A regression discontinuity approach. British Journal of Political Science, 50(3), 829–847. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123418000029
- Adler, D. (2019, January 10). Meet Europe’s left nationalists. The Nation. https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/meet-europes-left-nationalists.
- Albertazzi, D., & McDonnell, D. (eds.). (2008). Twenty-first century populism: The spectre of Western European democracy. Palgrave.
- Alternative für Deutschland (AfD). (2017). Programm für Deutschland: Wahlprogramm der Alternative für Deutschland für die Wahl zum Deutschen Bundestag am 24 September 2017.
- Anderson, D. D. E., & Krishnarajan, S. (2019). Economic crisis, bureaucratic quality and democratic breakdown. Government and Opposition, 54(4), 715–744. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/gov.2017.37
- Appenzeller, G. (2019, June 8). In der Mitte wird gerade Platz frei. Der Tagesspiegel. www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/der-erfolg-der-gruenen-in-der-mitte-wird-gerade-platz-frei/24437258.html.
- Arab, A. (2017). 'Das “ehrliche” Wahlergebnis der Bundestagswahl' Die Welt 24 September. https://www.welt.de/politik/deutschland/article168983338/Das-ehrliche-Wahlergebnis-der-Bundestagswahl.html
- Aristotle. (1999). Politics. (Trans. Jowett B). Batoche.
- Aristotle. (2009). The Nichomachean ethics. (Trans. Ross D, introduction Brown L). Oxford University Press.
- Art, D. (2011). Inside the radical right: The development of anti-immigrant parties in Western Europe. Cambridge University Press.
- Arzheimer, K. (2015). The AfD: Finally a successful right-wing populist Eurosceptic party for Germany? West European Politics, 38(5), 535–555. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2015.1004230
- Auer, S. (2019). Merkel’s Germany and the European union: Between emergency and the rule of rules. Government and Opposition, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/gov.2019.6
- Azmanova, A. (2011). After the left–right (Dis)continuum: Globalization and the remaking of Europe’s ideological geography. International Political Sociology, 5(4), 384–407. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-5687.2011.00141.x
- Banger, C. (2020, February 5). Das ist nicht mehr die Mitte. Die Zeit.
- Baring, A. (1969). Außenpolitik in Adenauers Kanzlerdemokratie. Oldenburg.
- Basile, L., & Mazzoleni, O. (2020). Sovereignist wine in populist bottles? An introduction. European Politics and Society, 21(2), 151–162. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/23745118.2019.1632576
- Bauman, Z. (2001). The individualized society. Polity.
- Benz, W. (2015). Auftrumpfendes Unbehagen. Der kurze Erfolg der Bewegung pegida. Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaft, 63(9), 759–776. https://www.hsozkult.de/journal/id/zeitschriftenausgaben-9200
- Bergman, M., & Flatt, H. (2020). Issue diversification: Which niche parties can succeed electorally by broadening their agenda? Political Studies, 68(3), 710–730. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321719865538
- Bernhard, L., & Kriesi, H.-P. (2019). Populism in election times: A comparative analysis of 11 countries in Western Europe. West European Politics, 42(6), 1188–1208. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2019.1596694
- Blings, S. (2020). Niche parties and social movements: Mechanisms of programmatic alignment and party success. Government and Opposition, 55(2), 220–240. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/gov.2018.18
- Bündnis 90/Die Grünen. (2017). Zukunft wird aus Mut gemacht. https://www.gruene.de/.
- Bohrer, K.-H. (2002). Der Konsens Staat. Merkur, 56(639), 623–628. https://volltext.merkur-zeitschrift.de/article/99.120210/mr-56-7-623
- Braghiroli, S., & Makarychev, A. (2016). Russia and its supporters in Europe: Transideology a la carte? Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 16(2), 213–233. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14683857.2016.1156343
- Braghiroli, S., & Makarychev, A. (2018). Redefining Europe: Russia and the 2015 refugee crisis. Geopolitics, 23(4), 823–848. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2017.1389721
- Braun, S. (2017, December 18). Die Künstlerin der Mitte hat keine Zukunft. Süddeutsche Zeitung.
- Bréchon, P., & Gonthier, F. (2017). European values: Trends and divides over thirty years. Brill.
- Brocker, M., & Quadbeck, E. (2015, September 11). Grundrecht auf Asyl kennt keine Obergrenze. Rheinische Post.
- Bude, H. (2015). Das Unbehagen in der bürgerlichen Mitte. In A. Seibring (Ed.), Oben – Mitte – Unten: Zur Vermessung der Gesellschaft Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte Bd. 1576 (pp. 197–205). BpB.
- Bulmer, S. (2014). Germany and the Eurozone crisis: Between hegemony and domestic politics. West European Politics, 37(6), 1244–1263. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2014.929333
- Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge (BAMF). (2017). Aktuelle Zahlen zu Asyl November. BAMF.
- Bundesamt für Verfassungschutz. (2018). https://www.verfassungsschutz.de/.
- Bundesgesetzblatt. (2016). Integrationsgesetz 31 Juli, Teil 1 Nr. 39. Retrieved August 5, 2016, 1939-1949 at www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav?startbk=Bundesanzeiger_BGBl&jumpTo=bgbl116s1939.pdf#__bgbl__%2F%2F*%5B%40attr_id%3D%27bgbl116s1939.pdf%27%5D__1598854147099.
- Bundesgesetzblatt. (2019). Zweites Gesetz zur besseren Durchsetzung der Ausreisepflicht, 15 August, Teil 1 Nr. 31. Retrieved August 20, 2019. https://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/text.xav?SID=&tf=xaver.component.Text_0&tocf=&qmf=&hlf=xaver.component.Hitlist_0&bk=bgbl&start=%2F%2F*%5B%40node_id%3D%27541052%27%5D&skin=pdf&tlevel=-2&nohist=1.
- Bundespräsidialamt. (2017). Erklärung von Bundespräsident Steinmeier zur Regierungsbildung. www.bundespraesident.de.
- Bundeswahlleiter (BWL). (2017). https://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/.
- Caiani, M., & Graziano, P. (2019). Understanding varieties of populism in times of crises. West European Politics, 42(6), 1141–1158. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2019.1598062
- Caramani, D., & Manucci, L. (2019). National past and populism: The reelaboration of fascism and its impact on right-wing populism in Western Europe. West European Politics, 42(6), 1159–1187. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2019.1596690
- CDU-CSU. (2017). Für ein Deutschland in dem wir gut und gerne leben: Regierungsprogramm 2017–2021.
- Corfe, R. (2010). The future of politics: With the demise of the left ⁄ right confrontational system. Arena.
- Dahrendorf, R. (1965). Gesellschaft und Demokratie in Deutschland. Piper.
- De Angelis, G. (2017). Political legitimacy and the European crisis: Analysis of a faltering project. European Politics and Society, 18(3), 291–300. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/23745118.2016.1229383
- Der Spiegel. (1957). Wie man Wähler gewinnt.
- Der Spiegel. (2017). Wagenknecht will neue Flüchtlingspolitik ihrer Partei.
- Deutscher Bundestag. (2019). Linke und AfD scheitern mit Anträgen zu Russlandpolitik. https://www.bundestag.de/dokumente/textarchiv/2019/kw43-de-russlandsanktionen-663296.
- Deutsche Welle. (2019). Germany: Rupture emerges in AfD around extreme regional leader Höcke. www.dw.com/en/germany-rupture-emerges-in-afd-around-extreme-regional-leader-h%C3%B6cke/.
- De Vries, C., & Hoffmann, I. (2017). A source of stability? German and European public opinion in times of political polarisation. Bertelsmann.
- Die Linke. (2017). Sozial. Gerecht. Frieden. Fur Alle: Die Zukunft fur die wir kämpfen.
- Die Welt. (2016). ‘“Die enormen Risiken der deutschen Willkommenskultur”’ 26 July.
- Dostal, J. (2017). The German federal election of 2017: How the wedge issue of refugees and migration took the shine off chancellor Merkel and transformed the party system. The Political Quarterly, 88(4), 589–602. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-923X.12445
- EU. (2013). Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 of the European parliament and of the council. Official Journal of the European Union.
- Fagerholm, A. (2019). How do they get in? Radical parties and government participation in European democracies. Government and Opposition, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/gov.2019.24
- FDP. (2017). Denken wir neu.
- Focus. (2018). Im Umgang mit der AfD: Was jetzt auf eine CDU-Kurswende hindeutet.
- Forsberg, T. (2016). From Ostpolitik to ‘‘frostpolitik’’? Merkel, Putin and German foreign policy towards Russia. International Affairs, 92(1), 21–42. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.12505
- Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. (2015a). Merkel: Grundrecht auf Asyl kennt keine Obergrenze.
- Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. (2015b). Weiter heftiger Streit in der Union – trotz neuer Asylgesetze.
- Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (FAZ). (2018). SPD rutscht in Umfrage noch weiter ab.
- Garzia, D. (2019). The Italian election of 2018 and the first populist government of Western Europe. West European Politics, 42(3), 670–680. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2018.1535381
- Geiges, L., Marg, S., & Walter, F. (2015). Pegida. Die schmutzige Seite der Zivilgesellschaft? Transcript.
- Gigerenzer, G. (1982). Der eindimensionale wähler. Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie, 13(2), 217–236.
- Goodhart, G. (2017). The road to somewhere: The new tribes shaping British politics. Penguin.
- Grundgesetz (CG). (1949). Grundgesetz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland vom 23. Mai 1949. http://www.documentarchiv.de/brd/1949/grundgesetz.html
- Hamburger Abendblatt. (2018). SPD macht weg fur neue grosse Koalition unter Merkel frei. 4 March. https://www.abendblatt.de/politik/article213614961/SPD-Basis-stimmt-fuer-grosse-Koalition.html
- Häusler, A. (ed.). (2016). Die “alternative für Deutschland”: Entwicklung und politische Verortung. Springer.
- Haz.de. (2019). https://www.haz.de/Nachrichten/Politik/Deutschland-Welt/Europawahl-2019-Wahlergebnisse-Alle-Prognosen-und-Hochrechnungen.
- Hertner, I., & Miskimmon, A. (2015). Germany’s strategic narrative of the Eurozone crisis. German Politics and Society, 33(1-2), 42–57. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3167/gps.2015.330104
- Hillebrand, R. (2015). Germany and its Eurozone crisis policy. German Politics and Society, 33(1-2), 6–24. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3167/gps.2015.330102
- Hobolt, S., & Tilley, J. (2016). Fleeing the centre: The rise of challenger parties in the aftermath of the euro crisis. West European Politics, 39(5), 971–991. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2016.1181871
- Holter, K., & Shirmer, S. (2016). Übergriffe in Köln an Silvester: Das sind die Fakten. Spiegel.
- Hooghe, L., & Marks, G. (2018). Cleavage theory meets Europe’s crises: Lipset, Rokkan, and the transnational cleavage. Journal of European Public Policy, 25(1), 109–135. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2017.1310279
- Hutter, S., & Kriesi, H.-P. (Eds.). (2019a). European party politics in times of crisis. Cambridge University Press.
- Hutter, S., & Kriesi, H.-P. (2019b). Politicizing Europe in times of crisis. Journal of European Public Policy, 26(7), 996–1017. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2019.1619801
- Ieraci, G. (2012). Government alternation and patterns of competition in Europe: Comparative data in search of explanations. West European Politics, 35(3), 530–550. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2012.665739
- Ingelhart, R. (1971). The silent revolution in Europe: Intergenerational change in post-industrial societies. American Political Science Review, 65(4), 991–1017. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/1953494
- Ingelhart, R. (1997). Modernization and postmodernization: Cultural, economic, and political change in 43 societies. Princeton University Press.
- Jacoby, W. (2017). Grand coalitions and democratic dysfunction: Two warnings from central Europe. Government and Opposition, 52(2), 329–355. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/gov.2016.53
- Jankowski, M., Schneider, S., & Tepe, M. (2017). Ideological alternative? Analysing alternative für Deutschland candidates’ ideal points via black box scaling. Party Politics, 23(6), 704–716. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068815625230
- Kaase, M. (1997). Consensus, conflict and democracy in Germany. German Politics, 6(2), 1–28. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09644009708404472
- Kaase, M., & Newton, K. (1995). Beliefs in government. Oxford University Press.
- Kemmers, R. (2017). Challenging discontent? Non-voters, populist party voters, and their meaningful political agency. European Journal of Cultural and Political Sociology, 4(4), 381–406. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/23254823.2017.1339203
- Kirchheimer, O. (1965). Der Wandel des westeuropäischen Parteiensystems. Politische Vierteljahresschrift, 6(1), 20–41.
- Kirchheimer, O. (1966). ‘Germany: The vanishing opposition’. In R. Dahl (Ed.), Political oppositions in Western Europe (pp. 237–259). Yale University Press.
- Klingemann, H.-D., & Kaase, M. (Eds.). (2001). Wahlen und wähler: Analysen aus Anlass der Bundestagswahl 1998. Westdeutscher Verlag.
- Kluge, C., Steffen, T., & Dobbert, S. (2018, April 19). Links-Rechts-Allianz auf der Krim. Die Zeit.
- Kornelius, S. (2015, September 1). Wir schaffen es doch nicht. Süddeutsche Zeitung.
- Krause, W. (2020). Appearing moderate or radical? Radical left party success and the two-dimensional political space. West European Politics, 43(7), 1365–1387. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2019.1672019
- Krause, W., & Giebler, H. (2020). Shifting welfare policy positions: The impact of radical right populist party success beyond migration politics. Representation, 56(3), 331–348. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00344893.2019.1661871
- Körber Stiftung. (2020). The Berlin Pulse: German Foreign Policy in Times of Covid-19.
- Lees, C. (2011). Coalition formation and the German party system. German Politics, 20(1), 146–163. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09644008.2011.554114
- Lehmbruch, G. (1968). The ambiguous coalition in West Germany. Government and Opposition, 3(2), 181–204. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1968.tb01333.x
- Lewis, P., Clarke, S., Barr, C., Holder, J., & Kommenda, N. (2018, November 20). Revealed one in four Europeans vote populist. The Guardian. www.theguardian.com/world/ng-interactive/2018/nov/20/revealed-one-in-four-europeans-vote-populist.
- Lipset, S. M. (1960). Political man: The social bases of politics. Doubleday.
- Luft, S. (2016). Die Flüchtlingskrise: Ursachen, Konflikte, Folgen (2nd ed.). Beck.
- Luhmann, N. (2002). Politik der Gesellschaft. Suhrkamp.
- Machowecz, M. (2020, February 12). Huch, ein Aufstand. Die Zeit.
- Mau, S. (2015). Die Mittelschicht – das unbekannte Wesen? in Seibring (ed.) Oben, 126–138.
- McDonald, M., & Budge, I. (2005). Elections, parties, democracy: Conferring the median mandate. Oxford University Press Oxford.
- McDonald, M., & Budge, I. (2014). Getting it (approximately) right (and center and left!): Reliability and uncertainty estimates for the comparative manifesto data. Electoral Studies, 35(1), 67–77. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2014.04.017
- McDonald, M., Mendes, S., & Budge, I. (2004). What are elections for? Conferring the median mandate. British Journal of Political Science, 34(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123403000322
- McDonnell, D., & Werner, A. (2018). Respectable radicals: Why some radical right parties in the European Parliament forsake policy congruence. Journal of European Public Policy, 25(5), 747–763. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2017.1298659
- Meier-Braun, K.-H., & Weber, R. (Eds.). (2017). Deutschland Einwanderungsland: Begriffe – Fakten – Kontroversen. Kohlhammer.
- Ministerium für Inneres und Kommunales NRW. (2016). Bericht über die Ubergriffe am Hauptbahnhof Koln in der Silversternacht.
- Mölder, M. (2016). The validity of the RILE left-right index as a measure of party policy. Party Politics, 22(1), 37–48. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068813509525
- Mosca, L., & Tronconi, F. (2019). Beyond left and right: The eclectic populism of the five star movement. West European Politics, 42(6), 1258–1283. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2019.1596691
- Mudde, C. (2004). The populist Zeitgeist. Government and Opposition, 39(4), 541–563. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.2004.00135.x
- Mudde, C. (2010). The populist radical right: A pathological normalcy. West European Politics, 33(6), 1167–1186. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2010.508901
- Münkler, H. (2010). Mitte und mass: Die Kampf um die richtige Ordnung. Rowohlt.
- Münkler, H. (2015). ‘Die Entstehung des Mitte-Paradigmas in Politik und Gesellschaft’ in Seibring (ed.) Oben, 206–216.
- Newth, G. (2019). The roots of the Lega Nord’s populist regionalism. Patterns of Prejudice, 53(4), 384–406. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/0031322X.2019.1615784
- Niehues, J. (2015). ‘Die Mittelschicht – stabiler als gedacht’ in Seibring (ed.) Oben, 139–150.
- Ober, J. (2013). Democracy’s wisdom: An Aristotelian middle way for collective judgment. American Political Science Review, 107(1), 104–122. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055412000627
- Oberreuther, H. (ed.). (2011). Am Ende der Gewissheiten: Wähler, Parteien und Koalitionen in Bewegung. Olzog.
- O’Neill, M. (2000). Preparing for power: The German Greens and the challenge of party politics. Contemporary Politics, 6(2), 165–184. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/713658354
- Partei der Nichtwähler. (2017). www.parteidernichtwaehler.de/.
- Parteiengesetz. (1949/1967/2018). Gesetz über die politischen Parteien. Gesetze-im-Internet.de.
- Paterson, W., & Smith, G. (Eds.). (1981). The West German model: Perspectives on a stable state. Frank Cass.
- Patzelt, W., & Klose, J. (Eds.). (2016). PEGIDA: Warnsignale aus Dresden. Thelem Universitätsverlag.
- Pellegata, A., & Quaranta, M. (2019). Accountability through government alternation: Economic performance and the conditional role of political institutions in fifty countries, 1990–2015. International Political Science Review, 40(3), 419–436. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512118755842
- Poguntke, T. (2001). The German party system: Eternal crisis? German Politics, 10(2), 37–50. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/772713262
- Poguntke, T. (2014). Towards a new party system: The vanishing hold of the catch-all parties in Germany. Party Politics, 20(6), 950–963. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068812462925
- Prince, K. M. (1995). Germany, Europe and the dilemma of democratic legitimation. Aussenpolitik, 46(1), 3–13.
- Prüwer, T. (2011). Zwischen Skylla und Charybdis: Motive von Mass und Mitte. Über die merkwürdige Plausibilität eines Welt-Bildes – eine genealogische Skizze. In Forum fur kritische Rechstextremismusforschung (Ed.), Ordnung. Macht. Extremismus: Effekte und Alternativen des Extremismus-Modells (pp. 59–84). VS.
- Rooduijn, M., & Akkerman, T. (2017). Flank attacks: Populism and left-right radicalism in Western Europe. Party Politics, 23(3), 193–204. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068815596514
- Ross, G. (2019). The French Enigma: Macron, centrist reformism, and the labor movement. New Labor Forum, 28(1), 76–83. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1095796018817044
- Rovira Kaltwasser, C. (2012). The ambivalence of populism: Threat and corrective for democracy. Democratization, 19(2), 184–208. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2011.572619
- Saalfeld, T. (2000). Coalitions in Germany: Stable parties, Chancellor democracy and the Art of Informal Settlement. In W. Müller, & K. Strøm (Eds.), Coalition government in Western Europe (pp. 32–85). Oxford University Press.
- Saalfeld, T. (2002). The German party system: Continuity and change. German Politics, 11(3), 99–130. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/714001303
- Sarrazin, M. (2019). Speech, Deutscher Bundestag, 19 Wahlperiode, 77 Sitzung, 8952–8953.
- Schmitt-Beck, R. (2014). Euro-Kritik, Wirtschaftspessimismus und Einwanderungsskepsis: Hintergründe des Beinah-Wahlerfolges der alternative für Deutschland (AfD) bei der Bundestagswahl 2013. Zeitschrift für Parlamentsfragen, 45(1), 94–112. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5771/0340-1758-2014-1-94
- Schmitt, H., Hobolt, S., van der Brug, W., & Popa, S. (2019). European Parliament Election Study 2019, Voter Study.
- SINUS. (2017). https://www.sinus-institut.de/.
- Smith, G. (1976). West Germany and the Politics of Centrality. Government and Opposition, 11(4), 387–407.
- SPD. (2017). Es ist Zeit für mehr Gerechtigkeit: Zukunft sichern, Europa stärken. Das Regierungsprogramm 2017 bis 2021.
- Streeck, W. (2017). Merkel – ein Rückblick. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung.
- Suteu, S. (2019). The populist turn in central and Eastern Europe: Is deliberative democracy part of the solution? European Constitutional Law Review, 15(3), 488–518. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S1574019619000348
- Tagesschau. (2017). Bundeswahl 2017. https://wahl.tagesschau.de/wahlen/2017-09-24-BT-DE/index.shtml.
- Tagesschau. (2019a). Landeswahl Thüringen 2019. wahl.tagesschau.de/wahlen/2019-10-27-LT-DE-TH/umfrage-aussagen-zu-den-parteien.
- Tagesschau. (2019b). Europawahl 2019. at wahl.tagesschau.de/wahlen/2019-05-26-EP-DE/.
- Tavits, M. (2007). Principle vs. Pragmatism: Policy shifts and political competition. American Journal of Political Science, 51(1), 151–165. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00243.x
- Vehrkamp, R., & Merkel, W. (2018). Populism barometer 2018. Bertelsmann.
- Vehrkamp, R., & Wegschaider, K. (2017). Populäre Wahlen: Mobilisierung und Gegenmobilisierung der sozialen Milieus bei der Bundestagswahl 2017. Gütersloh: Bertelsmann Stiftung.
- Vehrkamp, R., & Wratil, C. (2017). Die Stunde der Populisten? Populistische Einstellungen bei wählern und Nichtwählern vor der Bundestagswahl 2017. Gütersloh: Bertelsmann Stiftung.
- Verzichelli, L. (2020). Conclusions. The populism-sovereignism linkage: Findings, theoretical implications and a new research agenda. European Politics and Society, 21(2), 258–270. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/23745118.2019.1632585
- Volkens, A., Krause, W., Lehmann, P., Matthieß, T., Merz, N., Regel, S., & Weßels, B. (2019). The manifesto data collection. Manifesto project (MRG/CMP/MARPOR). version 2019b. Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.25522/manifesto.mpds.2019b
- Vollmer, B., & Karakayali, S. (2017). The volatility of the discourse on refugees in Germany. Journal of Immigrant and Refugee Studies, 16(1-2), 118–139. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/15562948.2017.1288284
- von Beyme, K. (1978). The politics of limited pluralism: The case of West Germany. Government and Opposition, 13(3), 265–287. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1978.tb00548.x
- von Beyme, K. (2017). Das politische system der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Springer.
- von Beyme, K. (2018). From post-democracy to neo-democracy. Springer.
- Voogd, R., & Dassonneville, R. (2020). Are the supporters of populist parties loyal voters? Dissatisfaction and stable voting for populist parties. Government and Opposition, 55(3), 349–370. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/gov.2018.24
- Walter, F. (2010). Gelb oder Grün? Kleine Parteiengeschichte der besserverdienenden Mitte in Deutschland. PUB.
- Werner, A. (2020). Representation in Western Europe: Connecting party-voter congruence and party goals. The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 22(1), 122–142. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1369148119873102
- Wieland, S. (2018). Irgendwie Mitte. Und irgendwie rechts. Spiegel Online.
- Wood, S. (2020). “Understanding” for Russia in Germany: international triangle meets domestic politics. Cambridge Review of International Affairs (online first). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09557571.2019.1703647
- Wonka, A. (2016). The party politics of the Euro crisis in the German Bundestag: Frames, positions and salience. West European Politics, 39(1), 125–144. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2015.1081512
- Zaretsky, R. (2017). The Radical Centrism of Emmanual Macron. Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2017/04/24/the-radical-centrism-of-emmanuel-macron/.
- Ziche, P. (2005). Der Begriff der “mitte” in Aristoteles’ Wissenschaftskonzeption. Archiv für Begriffsgeschichte, 47(1), 9–24. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24360834
- Zick, A., Kupper, B., & Krause, D. (2016). Gespaltene Mitte – Feindselige Zustände: Rechtsextreme Einstellungen in Deutschland. Friedrich Ebert Stiftung.