Populism and authoritarianism in the EU: what is the role of the euro?

References

• Algan, Y., Guriev, S., Papaioannou, E., & Passari, E. (2017). The European trust crisis and the rise of populism. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 2017(2), 309–400. https://doi.org/10.1353/eca.2017.0015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ardagna, S., & Caselli, F. (2014). The political economy of the Greek debt crisis: A tale of two bailouts. American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 6(4), 291–323. https://doi.org/10.1257/mac.6.4.291
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aslanidis, P., & Rovira-Kaltwasser, C. (2016). Dealing with populists in government: The SYRIZA-ANEL coalition in Greece. Democratization, 23(6), 1077–1091. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2016.1154842
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benczes, I. (2016). From goulash communism to goulash populism: The unwanted legacy of Hungarian reform socialism. Post-Communist Economies, 28(2), 146–166. https://doi.org/10.1080/14631377.2015.1124557
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blyth, M. (2013). Austerity: The history of a dangerous idea. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Boese, V. (2019). How (not) to measure democracy. International Area Studies Review, 22(2), 95–127. https://doi.org/10.1177/2233865918815571
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bojár, Á, Gáspár, Z., & Róna, D. (2022). Can they ever win? The past and prospects for an opposition victory in Hungary’s competitive authoritarian regime. Review of Democracy, 30 April. https://revdem.ceu.edu/2022/04/30/prospects-for-an-opposition-victory-in-hungarys-competitive-authoritarian-regime/.
   Google Scholar
• Bonefeld, W. (2017). Authoritarian liberalism: From Schmitt via ordoliberalism to the euro. Critical Sociology, 43(4-5), 747–761. https://doi.org/10.1177/0896920516662695
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brückner, G. (2019). Imádják a NER-cégek az MNB kötvényprogramját. [System of National Cooperation companies love the bond program of the NBH]. Index.hu, 22 November. https://index.hu/gazdasag/2019/11/22/ujabb_szazmilliardokkal_folytatodhat_az_mnb_novekedesi_kotvenyprogramja/.
   Google Scholar
• Brunnermeier, M., James, H., & Landau, J.-P. (2016). The euro and the battle of ideas. Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bugaric, B. (2019). The two faces of populism: Between authoritarian and democratic populism. German Law Journal, 20(3), 390–400. https://doi.org/10.1017/glj.2019.20
   Google Scholar
• Chrysoloras, N. (2013). Rebuilding eurozone’s ground zero: A review of the Greek economic crisis. GreeSE Paper, No. 66. London School of Economics, London. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/48254.
   Google Scholar
• Colantone, I., & Stanig, P. (2019). The surge of economic nationalism in Western Europe. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 33(4), 128–151. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.33.4.128
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collier, D. (2011). Understanding process tracing. Political Science and Politics, 44(4), 823–830. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096511001429
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crum, B. (2013). Saving the euro at the cost of democracy? Journal of Common Market Studies, 51(4), 614–630. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.12019
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Csehi, R., & Zgut, E. (2021). We won’t let Brussels dictate us’: Eurosceptic populism in Hungary and Poland. European Politics and Society, 22(1), 53–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/23745118.2020.1717064
   Google Scholar
• Deák, A., Léderer, S., Bartha, D., & Takács, M. (2017). Hungary—exploring New frontiers for Russian energy policy capture – the Hungarian case. In Expert Forum (Ed.), Energy, Russian influence and democratic backsliding in central and Eastern Europe: A comparative assessment and case studies from Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Hungary, Romania (pp. 64–90). National Endowment for Democracy.
   Google Scholar
• Della Porta, D. (2008). Comparative analysis: Case-oriented versus variable-oriented research. In D. Porta & M. Keating (Eds.), Approaches and methodologies in the social sciences: A pluralist perspective (pp. 198–222). Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Diamond, L. (2019). Ill winds: Saving democracy from Russian rage, Chinese ambition, and American complacency. Penguin Press.
   Google Scholar
• Döring, H., & Manow, P. (2020). ParlGov 2020 Release, https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/Q6CVHX, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:mUoYp2KfQii0z+5dEZum1w== [fileUNF].
   Google Scholar
• Dullien, S., & Guérot, U. (2012). The long shadow of ordoliberalism: Germany’s approach to the Euro crisis. Policy brief. European Council on Foreign Relations.
   Google Scholar
• Dunai, M. (2022). Hungary’s overnight interest rates jump in attack against forint short sellers. Financial Times, 14 October.
   Google Scholar
• Dyson, K., & Featherstone, K. (1999). The road to Maastricht: Negotiating economic and monetary union. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Efthymiopoulos, M. (2016). Immunity from western policy orientation: Revising the relations between Greece and Russia. Comparative Politics Russia, 7(1(22)), 83–98. https://doi.org/10.18611/2221-3279-2016-7-1(22)-83-98
   Google Scholar
• European Parliament. (2022). Existence of a clear risk of a serious breach by Hungary of the values on which the Union is founded. Resolution adopted on 15 September. Available: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-9-2022-0324_EN.html.
   Google Scholar
• Featherstone, K. (2016).Conditionality, democracy and institutional weakness: The euro-crisis trilemma. Journal of Common Market Studies, 54(S1), 48–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.12411
   Google Scholar
• Feld, L., Köhler, E., & Nientiedt, D. (2015). Ordoliberalism, pragmatism and the eurozone crisis. European Review of International Studies, 2(3), 48–61. https://doi.org/10.3224/eris.v2i3.23448
   Google Scholar
• Freedom House. (2022). Freedom in the world 2022: The global expansion of authoritarian rule. Freedom House.
   Google Scholar
• Friedman, T. L. (1999). The lexus and the olive tree: Understanding globalization. Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
   Google Scholar
• Golder, M. (2016). Far right parties in Europe. Annual Review of Political Science, 19(1), 477–497. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-042814-012441
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gozgor, G. (2022). The role of economic uncertainty in the rise of EU populism. Public Choice, 190(1-2), 229–246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-021-00933-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guiso, L., Herrera, H., Morelli, M., & Sonno, T. (2017). Demand and supply of populism. EIEF Working Papers Series No 1703. Einaudi Institute for Economics and Finance (EIEF).
   Google Scholar
• Győrffy, D. (2018). Trust and crisis management in the European Union: An institutionalist account of success and failure in program countries. Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Győrffy, D. (2022). The middle-income trap in Central and Eastern Europe in the 2010s: Institutions and divergent growth models. Comparative European Politics, 20(1), 90–113. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41295-021-00264-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hornok, R. (2021). Márki-Zay vs Orbán: Will the 2022 Elections be a tale of two anti-elitisms? https://populism-europe.com/poprebel/blog-posts/marki-zay-vs-orban-will-the-2022-elections-be-a-tale-of-two-anti-elitisms/.
   Google Scholar
• Howard, M. M., & Roessler, P. G. (2006). Liberalizing electoral outcomes in competitive authoritarian regimes. American Journal of Political Science, 50(2), 365–381. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2006.00189.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, J., & Barnes, A. (2015). Financial nationalism and its international enablers: The Hungarian experience. Review of International Political Economy, 22(3), 535–569. https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290.2014.919336
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelemen, D. R. (2020). The European Union's authoritarian equilibrium. Journal of European Public Policy, 27(3), 481–499. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2020.1712455
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Király, J., Csontó, B., Jankovics, L., & Mérő, K. (2022). Monetary, macroprudential, and fiscal policy. In L. Mátyás (Ed.), Emerging European economies after the pandemic. Contributions to economics (pp. 255–324). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Kornai, J. (2015). Hungary’s U-turn: Retreating from democracy. Journal of Democracy, 26(3), 34–48. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2015.0046
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kornai, J. (2016). The system paradigm revisited: Clarification and additions in the light of experiences in the post-socialist region. Acta Oeconomica, 66(4), 547–596. https://doi.org/10.1556/032.2016.66.4.1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kratochvíl, P., & Sychra, Z. (2019). The end of democracy in the EU? The Eurozone crisis and the EU’s democratic deficit. Journal of European Integration, 41(2), 169–185. https://doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2019.1569001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kriesi, H., & Pappas, T. (2015). Populism in Europe during crisis: An introduction. In H. Kriesi & T. Pappas (Eds.), European populism in the shadow of the Great Recession (pp. 1–19). ECPR Press.
   Google Scholar
• Levitsky, S., & Way, L. (2002). The rise of competitive authoritarianism. Journal of Democracy, 13(2), 20–34. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2002.0026
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mair, P. (2013). Ruling the void: The hollowing of Western democracy. Verso.
   Google Scholar
• Mérő, K., & Piroska, D. (2016). Banking union and banking nationalism — Explaining opt-out choices of Hungary, Poland and the Czech Republic. Policy and Society, 35(3), 215–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polsoc.2016.10.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mudde, C. (2016). Europe’s populist surge: A long time in the making. Foreign Affairs, 95(6), 25–30.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mudde, C., & Rovira Kaltwasser, K. (2017). Populism – A very short introduction. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Müller, J.-W. (2016). What is populism? University of Pennsylvania Press.
   Google Scholar
• NBH. (2019). Considerations behind the launch of the Bond Funding for Growth Scheme (BGS) and main features of the program. Budapest: National Bank of Hungary. https://www.mnb.hu/letoltes/no-vekede-si-ko-tve-nyprogram-eng-0326-2.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Nicoli, F. (2017). Democratic legitimacy in the era of fiscal integration. Journal of European Integration, 39(4), 389–404. https://doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2017.1298591
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OSCE. (2022). Hungary – Parliamentary elections and referendum, 3 April 2022. Statement of preliminary findings and conclusions. https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/4/6/515111_1.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Pappas, T. (2014). Populist democracies: Post-authoritarian Greece and post-communist Hungary. Government and Opposition, 49(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1017/gov.2013.21
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pappas, T. (2020). The pushback against populism: The rise and fall of Greece's new illiberalism. Journal of Democracy, 31(2), 54–68. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2020.0036
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pethő, A., & Szabó, A. (2018). The eight most interesting revelations from our Orbán-Putin Story. Direkt36, 12 March. Available: https://www.direkt36.hu/en/a-nyolc-legerdekesebb-resz-az-orban-putyin-kapcsolatot-feltaro-cikkunkbol/.
   Google Scholar
• Piattoni, S., & Notermans, T. (2019). Democracy and (dis)integration. In S. Gänzle, B. Leruth, & J. Trondal (Eds.), Differentiated integration and disintegration in a post-Brexit era (pp. 54–73). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Plattner, M. (2019). Illiberal democracy and the struggle on the right. Journal of Democracy, 30(1), 5–19. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2019.0000
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodrik, D. (2000). How far will international economic integration go? Journal of Economic Perspectives, 17(1), 177–186. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.14.1.177
   Google Scholar
• Rohac, D. (2021). Transitions, populism, and democratic decline: Evidence from Hungary and the Czech Republic. European Politics and Society, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/23745118.2021.1973213
   Google Scholar
• Rooduijn, M., Van Kessel, S., Froio, C., Pirro, A., De Lange, S., Halikiopoulou, D., Lewis, P., Mudde, C., & Taggart, P. (2019). The PopuList: An Overview of populist, far right, far left and Eurosceptic parties in Europe. www.popu-list.org.
   Google Scholar
• Ruiz-Rufino, R., & Alonso, S. (2017). Democracy without choice: Citizens’ perceptions of government autonomy during the eurozone crisis. European Journal of Political Research, 56(2), 320–345. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12187
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scharpf, F. (2011). Monetary union, fiscal crisis, and the preemption of democracy. Zeitschrift für Staats- und Europawissenschaften, 9(2), 163–198. https://doi.org/10.5771/1610-7780-2011-2-163
   Google Scholar
• Schraff, D., & Schimmelfennig, F. (2019). Eurozone bailouts and national democracy: Detachment or resilience? European Union Politics, 20(3), 361–383. https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116519848846
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skocpol, T., & Pierson, P. (2002). Historical institutionalism in contemporary political science. In I. Katznelson & H. Milner (Eds.), Political science: State of the discipline (pp. 693–721). W. W. Norton.
   Google Scholar
• Steinmo, S. (2008). Historical institutionalism. In D. Porta, & M. Keating (Eds.), Approaches and methods in the social sciences (pp. 113–138). Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Stronski, P. (2021). A difficult balancing Act: Russia’s role in the eastern Mediterranean. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
   Google Scholar
• Taggart, P., & Szczerbiak, A. (2004). Contemporary euroscepticism in the party systems of the European Union candidate states of central and Eastern Europe. European Journal of Political Research, 43(1), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2004.00143.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Transparency International Hungary. (2021). Black book II: Corruption and state capture in Hungary. Civitas Institute and Transparency International Hungary Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Tsebelis, G. (2016). Lessons from the Greek crisis. Journal of European Public Policy, 23(1), 25–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2015.1087215
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanberg, V. (2015). Ordoliberalism, ordnungspolitik, and the reason of rules. European Review of International Studies, 2(3), 27–36. https://doi.org/10.3224/eris.v2i3.23446
   Google Scholar
• Visvizi, A. (2012). The crisis in Greece and the EU–IMF rescue package: Determinants and pitfalls. Acta Oeconomica, 62(1), 15–39. https://doi.org/10.1556/aoecon.62.2012.1.3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young, B. (2020). From Sick Man of Europe to the German economic power house. Two narratives: Ordoliberalism versus euro-currency regime. German Politics, 29(3), 464–478. https://doi.org/10.1080/09644008.2018.1559832
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zakaria, F. (1997). The rise of illiberal democracy. Foreign Affairs, 76(6), 22–43. https://doi.org/10.2307/20048274
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar