Towards healthy urbanism: inclusive, equitable and sustainable (THRIVES) – an urban design and planning framework from theory to praxis

References

• Agyeman, J., 2013. Introducing just sustainabilities: policy, planning and practice. London: Zed Books.
   Google Scholar
• Alirol, E., et al., 2011. Urbanisation and infectious diseases in a globalised world. The the lancet infectious diseases, 11 (2), 131–141. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(10)70223-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allmendinger, P., 2002. The Post-Positivist Landscape of Planning Theory. In: P. Allmendinger and M. Tewdwr-Jones, eds. Planning futures: new directions for planning theory. London: Routledge, 3–17.
   Google Scholar
• Anguelovski, I., et al., 2019. Gentrification and health in two global cities: a call to identify impacts for socially-vulnerable residents. Cities & health, 1–10. doi:10.1080/23748834.2019.1636507.
   Google Scholar
• Anon, 2020. Australia: show the world what climate action looks like. Nature, 577 (7791), 449–450.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bambra, C., et al., 2010. Tackling the wider social determinants of health and health inequalities: evidence from systematic reviews. Journal of epidemiology & community health, 64 (4), 284–291.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barton, H., 2005. A Health Map for Urban Planners: towards a Conceptual Model for Healthy, Sustainable Settlements. Built environment, 31 (4), 339–355.
   Google Scholar
• Barton, H. and Grant, M., 2006. A health map for the local human habitat. The journal of the royal society for the promotion of health, 126 (6), 252–253.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barton, H., Grant, M., and Guise, R., 2003. Shaping neighbourhoods: a guide for health, sustainability and vitality. London: Spon.
   Google Scholar
• BC Centre for Disease Control, 2018. Healthy built environment linkages toolkit: making the links between design, planning and health, version 2.0. Vancouver, BC: Provincial Health Services Authority.
   Google Scholar
• Bhatia, R., 2014. Case Study: San Francisco’s Use Of Neighborhood Indicators To Encourage Healthy Urban Development. Health affairs, 33 (11), 1914–1922.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bircher, J. and Kuruvilla, S., 2014. Defining health by addressing individual, social, and environmental determinants: new opportunities for health care and public health. Journal of public health policy; basingstoke, 35 (3), 363–386.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bird, E.L., et al., 2018. Built and natural environment planning principles for promoting health: an umbrella review. BMC public health, 18 (1), 930.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Black, C., Moon, G., and Baird, J., 2014. Dietary inequalities: what is the evidence for the effect of the neighbourhood food environment? Health & place, 27, 229–242.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braubach, M., Jacobs, D., and Ormandy, D., 2011. Environmental burden of disease associated with inadequate housing: a method guide to the quantification of health effects of selected housing risks in the WHO European region: summary report. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe.
   Google Scholar
• Braveman, P., 2014. What are Health Disparities and Health Equity? We need to be clear: public health reports. doi:10.1177/00333549141291S203.
   Google Scholar
• Buse, C.G., et al., 2018. Public health guide to field developments linking ecosystems, environments and health in the Anthropocene. Journal of epidemiology and community health, 72 (5), 420–425.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butler, C.D., 2016. Sounding the Alarm: health in the Anthropocene. International journal of environmental research and public health, 13, 7. doi:10.3390/ijerph13070665
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cairney, P., 2012. Complexity Theory in Political Science and Public Policy. Political studies review, 10 (3), 346–358.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cairns, J., et al., 2015. Go slow: an umbrella review of the effects of 20 mph zones and limits on health and health inequalities. Journal of public health, 37 (3), 515–520.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carey, G., Crammond, B., De Leeuw, E., 2015. Towards health equity: a framework for the application of proportionate universalism. International journal for equity in health, [online], 14 (81). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-015-0207-6
   Google Scholar
• Carmichael, L., et al., 2012. Integration of health into urban spatial planning through impact assessment: identifying governance and policy barriers and facilitators. Environmental impact assessment review, 32 (1), 187–194.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carmichael, L., et al., 2019. Urban planning as an enabler of urban health: challenges and good practice in England following the 2012 planning and public health reforms. Land use policy, 84, 154–162.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, M., 2018. Securing constructive collaboration and consensus for planning healthy developments: A report from the developers and wellbeing project. London: Town and Country Planning Association.
   Google Scholar
• Chettiparamb, A., 2019. Responding to a complex world: explorations in spatial planning. Planning theory, 1–9. doi:10.1177/1473095218820554.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CIP and HP Lanarc – Golders, n.d. Healthy communities practice guide. Available from: https://www.cip-icu.ca/Resources/Resources/Healthy-Communities-Practice-Guide [Accessed 5 December 2019
   Google Scholar
• Clarkson, J. and Coleman, R., 2010. Inclusive design. Journal of engineering design, 21 (2–3), 127–129. doi:10.1080/09544821003693689.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Construction Industry Council. n.d. A professional career in the built environment. Available from: http://cic.org.uk/download.php?f=a-professional-career-built-environment.pdf [Accessed 7 May 2020].
   Google Scholar
• Corburn, J., 2013. Healthy city planning: from neighbourhood to national health equity. Planning, history and environment series. London; New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Costello, A., et al., 2009. Managing the health effects of climate change. The lancet, 373 (9676), 1693–1733.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Criado-Perez, C., 2019. Invisible women: exposing data bias in a world designed for men. London: Penguin Books.
   Google Scholar
• CSDH, 2008. Closing the gap in a generation: health equity through action on the social determinants of health. Final report of the commission on social determinants of health. Geneva: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• Curtice, J., et al., 2005. Public attitudes and environmental justice in scotland: research findings. Available from: http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2005/10/1395043/50440 [Accessed 23 July 2016
   Google Scholar
• Dahlgren, G. and Whitehead, M., 1991. Policies and strategies to promote social equity in health. Stockholm, Sweden: Institute for Futures Studies.
   Google Scholar
• Dennis, S.F., Jr, et al., 2009. Participatory photo mapping (PPM): exploring an integrated method for health and place research with young people. Health place, 15 (2), 466–473.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Design Council, 2018. Healthy placemaking: why do built environment practitioners create places that contribute to preventable disease and early death, despite evidence on healthy placemaking? Available from: https://www.designcouncil.org.uk/resources/report/healthy-placemaking-report. [Accessed 2 May 2019
   Google Scholar
• Dianati, K., et al., 2019. Household air pollution in Nairobi’s slums: A long-term policy evaluation using participatory system dynamics. Science of the total environment, 660, 1108–1134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Díaz, S., et al. 2015. The IPBES Conceptual Framework — connecting nature and people. Current opinion in environmental sustainability, 14, 1–16.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards, P. and Tsouros, A.D., 2008. A healthy city is an active city: a physical activity planning guide. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe.
   Google Scholar
• Egan, M., et al., 2016. Proportionate universalism in practice? A quasi-experimental study (GoWell) of a UK neighbourhood renewal programme’s impact on health inequalities. Social science & medicine, 152, 41–49.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EIDD, 2009. EIDD Stockholm Declaration 2004. Available from: http://dfaeurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/stockholm-declaration_english.pdf [Accessed 2 January 2020
   Google Scholar
• Engel, G.L., 1977. The Need for a New Medical Model: A Challenge for Biomedicine. Science, 196 (4286), 129–136.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farre, A. and Rapley, T., 2017. The New Old (and Old New) Medical Model: four Decades Navigating the Biomedical and Psychosocial Understandings of Health and Illness. Healthcare, 5 (4), 1–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forrester, J.W., 1969. Urban dynamics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fraser, L.K., et al., 2010. The Geography of Fast Food Outlets: A Review. International journal of environmental research and public health, 7 (5), 2290–2308.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gatzweiler, F.W., et al., 2018. Lessons from complexity science for urban health and well-being. Cities & health, 1 (2), 210–223.
   Google Scholar
• Gatzweiler, F.W., et al., 2017. Advancing health and wellbeing in the changing urban environment: implementing a systems approach. Singapore: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Geddes, I., et al., 2011. The Marmot Review: implications for spatial planning. Available from: http://www.instituteofhealthequity.org/resources-reports/the-marmot-review-implications-for-spacial-planning [Accessed 7 May 2020
   Google Scholar
• Gehl Institute, 2018 Inclusive healthy places: a guide to inclusion & health in public space: learning globally to transform locally. Available from: https://gehlinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Inclusive-Healthy-Places_Gehl-Institute.pdf [Accessed 23 April 2019
   Google Scholar
• Gelormino, E., et al., 2015. From built environment to health inequalities: an explanatory framework based on evidence. Preventive medicine reports, 2, 737–745.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gordon-Larsen, P., et al, 2006. Inequality in the Built Environment Underlies Key Health Disparities in Physical Activity and Obesity. Pediatrics, 117 (2), 417–424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haines-Young, R. and Potschin, M., 2010. The links between biodiversity, ecosystem services and human well-being. In: D.G. Raffaelli and L.J.F. Christopher, eds. Ecosystem ecology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 110–139.
   Google Scholar
• Hall, K.L., et al., 2012. A four-phase model of transdisciplinary team-based research: goals, team processes, and strategies. Translational behavioral medicine, 2 (4), 415–430.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hancock, T., 2011. The Ottawa Charter at 25. Canadian journal of public health/revue canadienne de sante’e publique, 102 (6), 404–406.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hancock, T. and Duhl, L.J., 1986. Healthy cities: promoting health in the urban context. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe.
   Google Scholar
• Hancock, T.M., 1985. The mandala of health: a model of the human ecosystem. Family & community health, 8 (3), 1–10.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Heylighen, A., Van der Linden, V., and Van Steenwinkel, I., 2017. Ten questions concerning inclusive design of the built environment. Building and environment, 114, 507–517.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hillsdon, M., et al., 2007. Equitable access to exercise facilities. American journal of preventive medicine, 32 (6), 506–508.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horton, R., 2012. Offline: an ignominious defeat. The lancet, 380 (9837), 94.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howe, P.D., et al., 2015. Geographic variation in opinions on climate change at state and local scales in the USA. Nature climate change, 5 (6), 596–603.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Innes, J.E. and Booher, D.E, 2010. Planning with complexity: an introduction to collaborative rationality for public policy. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Institute of Health Equity, 2014. Local action on health inequalities: improving access to green spaces. London: Public Health England.
   Google Scholar
• Israel, B.A., et al., 2019. Community-Based Participatory Research: an Approach to Research in the Urban Context. In: S. Galea, C.K. Ettman, and D. Vlahov, eds. Urban health. New York; Oxford: Oxford University Press, 272–282.
   Google Scholar
• Jhangiani, K., 1976. Reality and Value Assumptions in Social Policy Formulations: some Experiments Upon Urban Dynamics. Quality and quantity, 10, 39–70.
   Google Scholar
• Joss, S., 2015. Sustainable cities: governing for urban innovation. planning, environment, cities. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Kelly, M.P. and Russo, F., 2018. Causal narratives in public health: the difference between mechanisms of aetiology and mechanisms of prevention in non-communicable diseases. Sociology of health & illness, 40 (1), 82–99.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kent, J. and Thompson, S., 2019. Planning Australia’s healthy built environments. New York: Routledge research in planning and urban design.
   Google Scholar
• Klein, C., 2020. How pandemics spurred cities to make more green space for people. Available from: https://www.history.com/news/cholera-pandemic-new-york-city-london-paris-green-space [Accessed 1 May 2020
   Google Scholar
• Krausmann, F., et al., 2017. Global socioeconomic material stocks rise 23-fold over the 20th century and require half of annual resource use. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences. doi:10.1073/pnas.1613773114.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krieger, N., 1994. Epidemiology and the web of causation: has anyone seen the spider? Social science & medicine, 39 (7), 887–903.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krieger, N., 2001. Theories for social epidemiology in the 21st century: an ecosocial perspective. International journal of epidemiology, 30 (4), 668–677.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar, S., 2002. Methods for community participation: a complete guide for practitioners. Rugby: Practical Action Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Lamond, J., 2015. Water management, urban development and health. In: H. Barton, et al., eds. The Routledge handbook of planning for health and well-being: shaping a sustainable and healthy future [online]. London; New York: Taylor and Francis, 293–313.
   Google Scholar
• Lang, T. and Rayner, G., 2012. Ecological public health: the 21st century’s big idea? An essay by Tim Lang and Geof Rayner. BMJ: British medical journal, 345 (7872), e5466.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, L.M. and Zarowsky, C., 2015. Foundational values for public health. Public health reviews, 36 (1), 2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lennon, M., Douglas, O., and Scott, M., 2017. Urban green space for health and well-being: developing an ‘affordances’ framework for planning and design. Journal of urban design, 22 (6), 778–795.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levin, H., 1995. Building ecology: an architect’s perspective on healthy buildings. Prepared for presentation as a keynote lecture at “Healthy Buildings ‘95”, 10–15 September 1995  Milan, Italy. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267631638
   Google Scholar
• Loukaitou-Sideris, A. and Fink, C., 2008. Addressing Women’s Fear of Victimization in Transportation Settings: A Survey of U.S. Transit Agencies. Urban affairs review, 44 (4), 554–587.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lusk, A.C., et al., 2019. Bicycle Facilities Safest from Crime and Crashes: perceptions of Residents Familiar with Higher Crime/Lower Income Neighborhoods in Boston. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16 (3), 484.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynch, K., 1981. A theory of good city form. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Marmot, M., et al., 2020. Health equity in England: the Marmot Review 10 years on. London: Institute of Health Equity.
   Google Scholar
• Marmot, M., et al., 2010. Fair society, healthy lives: the Marmot review; strategic review of health inequalities in England post-2010. London: Marmot Review.
   Google Scholar
• Marmot, M. and Bell, R., 2018. The Sustainable Development Goals and Health Equity. Epidemiology, 29 (1), 5–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsh, H.W., et al., 2020a. The well-being profile (WB-Pro): creating a theoretically based multidimensional measure of well-being to advance theory, research, policy, and practice. Psychological assessment, 32 (3), 294–313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsh, R., et al., 2020b. Evaluating a workforce development programme: bringing public health into architecture education in England. Cities & health. doi:10.1080/23748834.2020.1736738.
   Google Scholar
• Martin, G.P., 2009. Public and User Participation in Public Service Delivery: tensions in Policy and Practice. Sociology compass, 3 (2), 310–326.
   Google Scholar
• McDonald, R.I., et al., 2014. Water on an urban planet: urbanization and the reach of urban water infrastructure. Global environmental change, 27, 96–105.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMichael, A.J., 1999. Prisoners of the Proximate: loosening the Constraints on Epidemiology in an Age of Change. American journal of epidemiology, 149 (10), 887–897.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meadows, D.H. and Wright, D., 2008. Thinking in systems: a primer. White River Junction, Vt: Chelsea Green Pub.
   Google Scholar
• Meyer, J., 2000. Using qualitative methods in health related action research. BMJ, 320 (7228), 178–181.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell, L., et al., 2003. Making the outside World Dementia-Friendly: design Issues and Considerations. Environment and planning B: planning and design, 30 (4), 605–632.
   Google Scholar
• Mithun Inc. and Denver Housing Authority, 2012. Mariposa healthy living initiative. Available from: http://mithun.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/MariposaHLI_Toolkit.pdf [Accessed 2 May 2019
   Google Scholar
• Murray, C., 2019. It’s time for architects to choose ethics over aesthetics. Dezeen. Available from: https://www.dezeen.com/2019/03/28/opinion-christine-murray-climate-change/[Accessed 26 January 2020
   Google Scholar
• National Heart Foundation of Australia (Victorian Division), 2012. Healthy by design: victorian local government implementation tool. Melbourne, Australia: National Heart Foundation of Australia (Victorian Division).
   Google Scholar
• Nega, T.H., et al., 2013. Traffic Noise and Inequality in the Twin Cities, Minnesota. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An international journal, 19 (3), 601–619.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neiderud, C.-J., 2015. How urbanization affects the epidemiology of emerging infectious diseases. Infection ecology & epidemiology, 5 (1), 27060.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nienaber, M. and Wacket, M., 2020. Germany’s Merkel wants green recovery from coronavirus crisis. Reuters 28 April. Available from: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-climate-change-accord-germany-idUSKCN22A28H [Accessed 2 May 2020
   Google Scholar
• Northridge, D.M.E., Sclar, D.E.D., and Biswas, M.P., 2003. Sorting out the connections between the built environment and health: A conceptual framework for navigating pathways and planning healthy cities. Journal of urban health, 80 (4), 556–568.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Northridge, M.E. and Freeman, L., 2011. Urban Planning and Health Equity. Journal of urban health, 88 (3), 582–597.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Northridge, M.E. and Sclar, E.D., 2003. A joint urban planning and public health framework: contributions to health impact assessment. American journal of public health, 93 (1), 118–121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Opoku, A., 2019. Biodiversity and the built environment: implications for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Resources, conservation and recycling, 141, 1–7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parnell, S., 2016. Defining a Global Urban Development Agenda. World development, 78, 529–540.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfeiffer, D. and Cloutier, S., 2016. Planning for Happy Neighborhoods. Journal of the American planning Association, 82 (3), 267–279.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pickett, K.E. and Wilkinson, R.G., 2015. Income inequality and health: A causal review. Social science & medicine, 128, 316–326.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pilkington, P., et al., 2013. Engaging a wider public health workforce for the future: a public health practitioner in residence approach. Public health, 127 (5), 427–434.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pineo, H., 2012. Health and the built environment. The lancet, 380 (9848), 1146–1147.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pineo, H., et al., 2018a. Urban Health Indicator Tools of the Physical Environment: a Systematic Review. Journal of urban health, 95 (5), 613–646.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pineo, H., Moore, G., and Braithwaite, I., 2020a. Incorporating practitioner knowledge to test and improve a new conceptual framework for healthy urban design and planning. Cities & health. In press. doi:10.1080/23748834.2020.1773035.
   Google Scholar
• Pineo, H., Zimmermann, N., and Davies, M., 2020b. Integrating health into the complex urban planning policy and decision-making context: a systems thinking analysis. Palgrave communications, 6 (1), 1–14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pineo, H. and Rydin, Y., 2018. Cities, health and well-being. London: Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors.
   Google Scholar
• Pineo, H., et al, 2018b. Promoting a healthy cities agenda through indicators: development of a global urban environment and health index. Cities & health, 2 (1), 27–45.
   Google Scholar
• Price, J., et al., 2015. The policymaker’s complexity toolkit. In: R. Geyer and P. Cairney, eds. Handbook on Complexity and Public Policy. [online]. Cheltenham, UK; Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 92–110.
   Google Scholar
• Prüss-Üstün, A., et al., 2016. Preventing disease through healthy environments: a global assessment of the burden of disease from environmental risks. Geneva: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• Rajan, A. and Manoj Kumar, K., 2016. Urban Health and Wellness in Indian Context - A Strategic Approach in Urban Design. Procedia technology, 24, 1750–1757.
   Google Scholar
• Raworth, K., 2017. Doughnut economics: seven ways to think like a 21st-century economist. London: Random House Business Books.
   Google Scholar
• Rayner, G. and Lang, T., 2012. Ecological public health: reshaping the conditions for good health. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Reed, R., et al., 2009. International Comparison of Sustainable Rating Tools. The journal of sustainable real estate, 1 (1), 1–22.
   Google Scholar
• Rogerson, B., et al., 2014. A Simplified Framework For Incorporating Health Into Community Development Initiatives. Health affairs, 33 (11), 1939–1947.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross, A. and Chang, M., 2014. Planning healthy-weight environments – A TCPA reuniting health with planning project. London: Town and Country Planning Association.
   Google Scholar
• Rydin, Y., 2007. Re-Examining the Role of Knowledge Within Planning Theory. Planning Theory, 6 (1), 52–68.
   Google Scholar
• Rydin, Y., 2010. Governing for sustainable urban development. 1st. London: Earthscan.
   Google Scholar
• Rydin, Y., 2013. The future of planning: beyond growth dependence. Bristol: Policy Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rydin, Y., et al., 2012. Shaping cities for health: complexity and the planning of urban environments in the 21st century. The lancet, 379 (9831), 2079–2108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schandl, H., et al., 2012. ‘Biosensitive’ cities—a conceptual framework for integrative understanding of the health of people and planetary ecosystems. Current opinion in environmental sustainability, 4 (4), 378–384.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schnake-Mahl, A.S, et al., 2020. Gentrification, Neighborhood Change, and Population Health: a Systematic Review. Journal of urban health. doi:10.1007/s11524-019-00400-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schultz, J.M., 2019. Disasters. In: S. Galea, C.K. Ettman, and D. Vlahov, eds. Urban health. New York; Oxford: Oxford University Press, 156–165.
   Google Scholar
• Shrubsole, C., et al., 2014. 100 Unintended consequences of policies to improve the energy efficiency of the UK housing stock. Indoor and built environment, 23 (3), 340–352.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, N., 2020. Cholera and coronavirus: why we must not repeat the same mistakes. The guardian. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/society/2020/may/01/cholera-and-coronavirus-why-we-must-not-repeat-the-same-mistakes [Accessed 1 May 2020
   Google Scholar
• Smith, M., 2019. International poll: most expect to feel impact of climate change, many think it will make us extinct. YouGov.co.uk. Available from: https://yougov.co.uk/topics/science/articles-reports/2019/09/15/international-poll-most-expect-feel-impact-climate [Accessed 27 January 2020
   Google Scholar
• Sport England, 2015. Active Design: planning for health and wellbeing through sport and physical activity. London: Sport England.
   Google Scholar
• Susser, M. and Susser, E., 1996. Choosing a future for epidemiology: II. From black box to Chinese boxes and eco-epidemiology. American journal of public health; Washington, 86 (5), 674–677.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tait, L., et al., 2016. Health + mobility: a design protocol for mobilising healthy living. London: Arup.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, N., 1998. Urban planning theory since 1945. London: SAGE Publications.
   Google Scholar
• TCPA, 2017. Practical Guide for Creating Successful New Communities, Guide 8: creating health-promoting environments. London: Town and Country Planning Association.
   Google Scholar
• UK Green Building Council, 2016. Health and wellbeing in homes. London: UKGBC.
   Google Scholar
• UN Environment and International Energy Agency, 2017. Towards a zero-emission, efficient, and resilient buildings and construction sector. Global status report 2017. UN Environment Programme.
   Google Scholar
• UN-Habitat, 2018. Compendium of Inspiring Practices: health Edition. Available from: https://unhabitat.org/sites/default/files/download-manager-files/1546952509wpdm_web-ver-compendium.pdf [Accessed 17 January 2020
   Google Scholar
• United Nations General Assembly, 2015. Resolution adopted by the general assembly on 25 september 2015: transforming our world: the 2030 agenda for sustainable development. New York.
   Google Scholar
• Urban Land Institute, 2015. Building healthy places toolkit: strategies for enhancing health in the built environment. Washington, DC: Urban Land Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Wall, T., 2020. Cramped living conditions may be accelerating UK spread of coronavirus. The observer. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/12/virus-hitting-hardest-modern-equivalent-victorian-slums [Accessed 14 April 2020
   Google Scholar
• Watts, N., et al., 2015. Health and climate change: policy responses to protect public health. The lancet, 386 (10006), 1861–1914.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitmee, S., et al., 2015. Safeguarding human health in the Anthropocene epoch: report of The Rockefeller Foundation–Lancet Commission on planetary health. The lancet, 386 (10007), 1973–2028.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO, 1946. Preamble to the Constitution of the World Health Organization as adopted by the International Health Conference, 19-22 June 1946; and entered into force on 7 April 1948. New York.
   Google Scholar
• WHO, 2012. Addressing the social determinants of health: the urban dimension and the role of local government. Copenhagen: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• WHO, 2013. Review of evidence on health aspects of air pollution – REVIHAAP project: technical report. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe.
   Google Scholar
• WHO, 2014. Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2014: attaining the nine global noncommunicable diseases targets; a shared responsibility. Geneva: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• WHO, 2016. Global report on urban health: equitable, healthier cities for sustainable development. Geneva: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• WHO, 2018a. Global status report on road safety. Geneva: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• WHO, 2018b. WHO housing and health guidelines. Geneva: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• WHO, 2020. WHO | health equity. Available from: http://www.who.int/topics/health_equity/en/[Accessed 14 February 2020
   Google Scholar
• World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987. Our common future. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• World Green Building Council, 2014. Health, wellbeing and productivity in offices - the next chapter for green building. Available from: https://www.worldgbc.org/news-media/health-wellbeing-and-productivity-offices-next-chapter-green-building [Accessed 09 May 2020
   Google Scholar
• World Green Building Council, 2016. Building the business case: health, wellbeing and productivity in green offices. Available from: http://www.worldgbc.org/files/1114/7735/3801/WGBC_BtBC_Oct2016_Digital_Low.pdf [Accessed 1 November 2016].
   Google Scholar
• Yee, S.H., et al., 2012. Integrating Human Health and Environmental Health into the DPSIR Framework: A Tool to Identify Research Opportunities for Sustainable and Healthy Communities. EcoHealth, 9 (4), 411–426.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Younger, M., et al., 2008. The Built Environment, Climate Change, and Health. American journal of preventive medicine, 35 (5), 517–526.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar