Towards climate change resilience and informal workers’ health in Zimbabwe: an action-research case study

References

• Agarwal, S., et al., 2022. Prioritising action on health and climate resilience for informal workers. London: IIED. Available from: https://pubs.iied.org/21036iied
   Google Scholar
• Alcayna, T., et al., 2022. Climate-sensitive disease outbreaks in the aftermath of extreme climatic events: a scoping review. One earth, 5 (4), 336–350. doi:10.1016/j.oneear.2022.03.011.
   Google Scholar
• Ansah, E.W., et al., 2021. Climate change, health and safety of workers in developing economies: a scoping review. The journal of climate change and health, 3, 100034. doi:10.1016/j.joclim.2021.100034.
   Google Scholar
• Banks, N., Lombard, M., and Mitlin, D., 2020. Urban informality as a site of critical analysis. The journal of development studies, 56 (2), 223–238. doi:10.1080/00220388.2019.1577384.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benach, J. et al., 2014. Precarious employment: understanding an emerging social determinant of health. Annual review of public health, 35 (1), 229–253. doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032013-182500.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benavides, F.G., Silva-Peñaherrera, M., and Vives, A., 2022. Informal employment, precariousness, and decent work: from research to preventive action. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 48 (3), 169–172. doi:10.5271/sjweh.4024.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blekking, J., et al., 2022. The impacts of climate change and urbanization on food retailers in urban sub-saharan Africa. Current opinion in environmental sustainability, 55, 101169. doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2022.101169.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boot, C.R. and Bosma, A.R., 2021. How qualitative studies can strengthen occupational health research. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 47 (2), 91. doi:10.5271/sjweh.3943.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borg, F.H., et al., 2021. Climate change and health in urban informal settlements in low-and middle-income countries–a scoping review of health impacts and adaptation strategies. Global health action, 14 (1), 1908064. doi:10.1080/16549716.2021.1908064.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breman, J., 2020. Informality: the bane of the labouring poor under globalized capitalism. In: M. Chen and F. Carré, eds. Informal economy revisited: examining the past, envisioning the future. Routledge, 30–37. doi:10.4324/9780429200724-3.
   Google Scholar
• Chari, F. and Ngcamu, B.S., 2022. Climate change-related hazards and livestock industry performance in (Peri-) urban areas: a case of the city of Masvingo, Zimbabwe. Climate, 10 (12), 187. doi:10.3390/cli10120187.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, M.A., et al., 2022. Covid‐19 and informal work: evidence from 11 cities. International labour review, 161 (1), 29–58. doi:10.1111/ilr.12221.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, M. and Carré, F., 2020. Introduction. In: M. Chen and F. Carré, eds. The informal economy revisited: examining the past, envisioning the future. Taylor & Francis, 1–27. doi:10.4324/9780429200724-1.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, M.A. and Sinha, S., 2016. Home-based workers and cities. Environment and urbanization, 28 (2), 343–358. doi:10.1177/0956247816649865.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cobbinah, P.B. and Finn, B.M., 2022. Planning and climate change in African cities: informal urbanization and ‘just’ urban transformations. Journal of planning literature, 38 (3), 361–379. doi:10.1177/08854122221128762.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Codjoe, S.N., et al., 2020. Impact of extreme weather conditions on healthcare provision in urban Ghana. Social science & medicine, 258, 113072. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113072.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collado, J.R.N. and Wang, H.H., 2020. Slum upgrading and climate change adaptation and mitigation: lessons from Latin America. Cities, 104, 102791. doi:10.1016/j.cities.2020.102791.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corburn, J., et al., 2020. Slum health: arresting COVID-19 and improving well-being in urban informal settlements. Journal of urban health, 97 (3), 348–357. doi:10.1007/s11524-020-00438-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corburn, J. and Riley, L., eds., 2016. Slum health: from the cell to the street. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dias, S.M. and Ogando, A.C., 2015. Rethinking gender and waste: exploratory findings from participatory action research in Brazil. Work organisation, labour and globalisation, 9 (2), 51–63. doi:10.13169/workorgalaboglob.9.2.0051.
   Google Scholar
• Dodman, D., et al., 2022. Cities, settlements and key infrastructure. In: H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E.S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, and B. Rama, eds. Climate change 2022: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Contribution of working group II to the sixth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press, 907–1040. doi:10.1017/9781009325844.008.
   Google Scholar
• Dodman, D., et al., 2023. Climate change and informal workers: towards an agenda for research and practice. Urban climate, 48, 101401. doi:10.1016/j.uclim.2022.101401.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dodman, D. and Mitlin, D., 2015. The national and local politics of climate change adaptation in Zimbabwe. Climate and development, 7 (3), 223–234. doi:10.1080/17565529.2014.934777.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebi, K.L., et al., 2021. Hot weather and heat extremes: health risks. The lancet, 398 (10301), 698–708. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01208-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ezeh, A., et al., 2017. The history, geography, and sociology of slums and the health problems of people who live in slums. The lancet, 389 (10068), 547–558. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31650-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finn, B.M. and Cobbinah, P.B., 2023. African urbanisation at the confluence of informality and climate change. Urban studies, 60 (3), 405–424. doi:10.1177/00420980221098946.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flouris, A.D., et al., 2018. Workers’ health and productivity under occupational heat strain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The lancet planetary health, 2 (12), e521–e531. doi:10.1016/S2542-5196(18)30237-7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gandidzanwa, C.P. and Togo, M., 2022. Adaptive responses to water, energy, and food challenges and implications on the environment: an exploratory study of Harare. Sustainability, 14 (16), 10260. doi:10.3390/su141610260.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gogo, J., 11 June 2018. Only 11pc of plastic waste recycled in zim: EMA. The Herald. Available from: https://www.herald.co.zw/only-11pc-of-plastic-waste-recycled-in-zim-ema/
   Google Scholar
• Gough, K., et al., 2019. Vulnerability to extreme weather events in cities: implications for infrastructure and livelihoods. Journal of the British academy, 7 (s2), 155–181.
   Google Scholar
• Government of Zimbabwe, 2021. Zimbabwe revised nationally determined contribution. UN-FCCC. Available from: https://tinyurl.com/zim21
   Google Scholar
• Gunn, V., et al., 2022. Initiatives addressing precarious employment and its effects on workers’ health and well-being: a systematic review. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19 (4), 2232. doi:10.3390/ijerph19042232.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gutberlet, J. and Uddin, S.M.N., 2017. Household waste and health risks affecting waste pickers and the environment in low-and middle-income countries. International journal of occupational and environmental health, 23 (4), 299–310. doi:10.1080/10773525.2018.1484996.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Habibi, P., et al., 2021. The impacts of climate change on occupational heat strain in outdoor workers: a systematic review. Urban climate, 36, 100770. doi:10.1016/j.uclim.2021.100770.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hambrecht, E., Tolhurst, R., and Whittaker, L., 2022. Climate change and health in informal settlements: a narrative review of the health impacts of extreme weather events. Environment and urbanization, 34 (1), 122–150. doi:10.1177/09562478221083896.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hargreaves, S., et al., 2019. Occupational health outcomes among international migrant workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The lancet global health, 7 (7), e872–e882. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30204-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ILO, 2018. Women and men in the informal economy: a statistical picture. 3rd ed. Geneva, ILO.
   Google Scholar
• ILO, 2019. Statistics on the informal economy. Geneva: ILO. Available from: https://ilostat.ilo.org/topics/informality/#WG
   Google Scholar
• Ingram, J. and Hamilton, C., 2014. Planning for climate change: guide—A strategic, values-based approach for urban planners. Nairobi: UN-Habitat. Available from: https://unhabitat.org/sites/default/files/download-manager-files/Planning%20for%20Climate%20Change.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Ivankova, N. and Wingo, N., 2018. Applying mixed methods in action research: methodological potentials and advantages. American behavioral scientist, 62 (7), 978–999. doi:10.1177/0002764218772673.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kadungure, A. and Sverdlik, A., 2021. Making strides to improve health and climate resilience in Zimbabwe’s cities. IIED. Available from: https://www.iied.org/making-strides-improve-health-climate-resilience-zimbabwes-cities
   Google Scholar
• Kjellstrom, T. et al., 2016. Heat, human performance, and occupational health: a key issue for the assessment of global climate change impacts. Annual review of public health, 37 (1), 97–112. doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032315-021740.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ko Ko, T., et al., 2020. Informal workplaces and their comparative effects on the health of street vendors and home-based garment workers in Yangon, Myanmar: a qualitative study. BMC public health, 20 (1), 1–14. doi:10.1186/s12889-020-08624-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labour and Economic Development Research Institute of Zimbabwe (LEDRIZ) and FES, 2015. Strategies for transitioning the informal economy to formalisation in Zimbabwe. LEDRIZ, Harare. Available from: https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/simbabwe/13714.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Levy, B.S. and Roelofs, C., 2019. Impacts of climate change on workers’ health and safety. In: Oxford research encyclopaedia of global public health. Oxford University Press, 1–15.
   Google Scholar
• Lilford, R.J. et al., 2017. Improving the health and welfare of people who live in slums. The lancet, 389 (10068), 559–570. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31848-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, B.B., et al., 2021. Integrating solutions to adapt cities for climate change. The lancet planetary health, 5 (7), e479–e486. doi:10.1016/S2542-5196(21)00135-2.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Loewenson, R., 2021. Rethinking the paradigm and practice of occupational health in a world without decent work: a perspective from east and southern Africa. New solutions: a journal of environmental & occupational health policy, 31 (2), 107–112. doi:10.1177/10482911211017106.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loewenson, R., Nolen, L.B., and Wamala, S., 2010. Review article: globalisation and women’s health in sub-Saharan Africa: would paying attention to women’s occupational roles improve nutritional outcomes? Scandinavian journal of public health, 38 (4_suppl), 6–17. doi:10.1177/1403494809358276.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lund, F., Alfers, L., and Santana, V., 2016. Towards an inclusive occupational health and safety for informal workers. New solutions: A journal of environmental & occupational health policy, 26 (2), 190–207. doi:10.1177/1048291116652177.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matamanda, A.R., Mphambukeli, T.N., and Chirisa, I., 2022. Exploring water-gender-health nexus in human settlements in Hopley, Harare. Cities & health, 1–15. doi:10.1080/23748834.2022.2136557.
   Google Scholar
• Meagher, K., 2016. The scramble for Africans: demography, globalisation and Africa’s informal labour markets. The journal of development studies, 52 (4), 483–497. doi:10.1080/00220388.2015.1126253.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ministry of Public Service, Labour & Social Welfare, 2022. Consultations on the formalisation of the informal economy –. MPSLW Online. Available from: https://www.mpslsw.gov.zw/consultations-on-the-formalisation-of-the-informal-economy/
   Google Scholar
• Moda, H.M., Filho, W.L., and Minhas, A., 2019. Impacts of climate change on outdoor workers and their safety: some research priorities. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16 (18), 3458. doi:10.3390/ijerph16183458.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moyo, J., 1, November 2021. A tide of plastic waste threatens Zimbabwe’s environment and key industries. Development and cooperation. Available from: https://www.dandc.eu/en/article/tide-plastic-waste-threatens-zimbabwes-environment-and-key-industries#:~:text=According%20to%20the%20country’s%20Environmental,recycled%20or%20properly%20disposed%20of
   Google Scholar
• Mwonzora, G., 2022. Local governance and wetlands management: a tale of Harare City in Zimbabwe. Urban forum, 33 (3), 309–328.
   Google Scholar
• Nunfam, V.F. et al., 2019. The nexus between social impacts and adaptation strategies of workers to occupational heat stress: a conceptual framework. International journal of biometeorology, 63, 1693–1706.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patz, J.A. and Siri, J.G., 2021. Toward urban planetary health solutions to climate change and other modern crises. Journal of urban health, 98 (3), 311–314. doi:10.1007/s11524-021-00540-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters, S.E. et al., 2022. Work and worker health in the post-pandemic world: a public health perspective. The lancet public health, 7 (2), e188–e194. doi:10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00259-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pineo, H., 2022. Towards healthy urbanism: inclusive, equitable and sustainable (THRIVES)–an urban design and planning framework from theory to praxis. Cities & health, 6 (5), 974–992.
   Google Scholar
• Romanello, M., et al., 2022. The 2022 report of the lancet countdown on health and climate change: health at the mercy of fossil fuels. The Lancet. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01540-9.
   Google Scholar
• Satterthwaite, D., et al., 2020. Building resilience to climate change in informal settlements. One earth, 2 (2), 143–156. doi:10.1016/j.oneear.2020.02.002.
   Google Scholar
• Satterthwaite, D., Sverdlik, A., and Brown, D., 2019. Revealing and responding to multiple health risks in informal settlements in sub-Saharan African cities. Journal of urban health, 96 (1), 112–122. doi:10.1007/s11524-018-0264-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulte, P.A. et al., 2016. Advancing the framework for considering the effects of climate change on worker safety and health. Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene, 13 (11), 847–865. doi:10.1080/15459624.2016.1179388.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulte, P.A., et al., 2022. Occupational safety and health staging framework for decent work. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19 (17), 10842. doi:10.3390/ijerph191710842.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sommer, M., et al., 2015. Violence, gender and WASH: spurring action on a complex, under-documented and sensitive topic. Environment and urbanization, 27 (1), 105–116. doi:10.1177/0956247814564528.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorensen, G., et al., 2021. The future of research on work, safety, health and wellbeing: a guiding conceptual framework. Social science & medicine, 269, 113593. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113593.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tampe, T., 2021. Potential impacts of COVID-19 in urban slums: addressing challenges to protect the world’s most vulnerable. Cities & health, 5 (sup1), S76–S79. doi:10.1080/23748834.2020.1791443.
   Google Scholar
• Tandon, I., et al., 2022. Urban water insecurity and its gendered impacts: on the gaps in climate change adaptation and sustainable Development goals. Climate and development, 1–12. doi:10.1080/17565529.2022.2051418.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TARSC, MoHCC, CFHD, 2022. Promoting healthy urban food systems: report of a scoping assessment in Harare, EQUINET, Harare. Available from: https://www.tarsc.org/publications/documents/UFS%20Final%20assessment%20Rep%20June%202022.pdf
   Google Scholar
• TARSC, ZCTU, ZCIEA, 2021. Propelling virtuous and breaking vicious cycles: Responding to health and climate risks for informal residents and workers in two areas of Zimbabwe, Report of evidence from a mixed methods study. Zimbabwe: TARSC. Available from: https://www.tarsc.org/publications/documents/ZIMINFO%20SynthesisRep%20March%202021.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Tilly, C., 2020. Informal domestic workers, construction workers and the state. In: M. Chen and F. Carré, eds. Informal economy revisited: examining the past, envisioning the future. Routledge, 246–250. doi:10.4324/9780429200724-44.
   Google Scholar
• Toriro, P., 2019. Urban food production in Harare, Zimbabwe. In: J. Battersby and V. Watson, eds. Urban food systems governance and poverty in African cities. Routledge, 154–166. doi:10.4324/9781315191195-12.
   Google Scholar
• UN-Habitat, 2022. World cities report: envisaging the future of cities. Nairobi. Available from: https://unhabitat.org/wcr/
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organisation, 2016. Burning opportunity: clean household energy for health, sustainable development, and wellbeing of women and children. Geneva: WHO. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/20471
   Google Scholar
• Zhanda, K., et al., 2022. Women in the informal sector amid COVID-19: implications for household peace and economic stability in urban Zimbabwe. Cities & health, 6 (1), 1–14. doi:10.1080/23748834.2021.2019967.
   Google Scholar
• Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (ZIMSTAT) and UNICEF, 2019. Zimbabwe multiple indicator cluster survey 2019, survey findings report. Harare: ZIMSTAT and UNICEF. Available from: https://www.unicef.org/zimbabwe/media/2536/file/Zimbabwe%202019%20MICS%20Survey%20Findings%20Report-31012020_English.pdf[unicef.org]
   Google Scholar
• ZIMSTAT, 2022. Zimbabwe population and housing Census report. Available from: https://www.zimstat.co.zw/wp-content/uploads/Demography/Census/2022_PHC_Report_27012023_Final.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Zolnikov, T.R., et al., 2021. A systematic review on informal waste picking: occupational hazards and health outcomes. Waste management, 126, 291–308. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2021.03.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar