509
Views
12
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Competitive balance in athletics

, &

References

  • Bergsgard, N. A., Houlihan, B., Mangset, P., Nødland, S. I., & Rommetveldt, H. (2007). Sport policy. A comparative analysis of stability and change. London: Elsevier.
  • Bernard, A., & Busse, M. (2004). Who wins the Olympic Games? Economic resources and medal totals. Review of Economics and Statistics, 86, 413–417. doi: 10.1162/003465304774201824
  • Besanko, D., Dranove, D., Shanley, M., & Schaefer, S. (2006). Economics of strategy. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons.
  • De Bosscher, V., Bingham, J., Shibli, S., van Bottenburg, M., & De Knop, P. (2008). A global sporting arms race. An international comparative study on sports policy factors leading to international sporting success. Aachen, DE: Meyer & Meyer.
  • De Bosscher, V., Du Bois, C., & Heyndels, B. (2012). Internationalization, competitiveness and performance in athletics (1984–2006). Sport & Society, 15(1), 88–102. doi: 10.1080/03031853.2011.625280
  • De Bosscher, V., Shibli, S., Westerbeek, H., & van Bottenburg, M. (2015). Successful elite sport policies. Aachen, DE: Meyer & Meyer.
  • Del Corral, J. (2009). Competitive balance and match uncertainty in Grand-Slam tennis: Effects of seeding systems, gender, and court surface. Journal of Sports Economics, 10(6), 563–581.
  • Du Bois, C., & Heyndels, B. (2007). It’s a different game you go to watch: Competitive balance in men’s and women’s tennis. European Sport Management Quarterly, 7(2), 167–185. doi: 10.1080/16184740701353349
  • Du Bois, C., & Heyndels, B. (2008). Internationalisation in athletics. New Studies in Athletics, 23(3), 83–95.
  • Goossens, K. (2006). Competitive balance in European football: Comparison by adapting measures: National measure of seasonal imbalance and top 3. Rivista di Diritto Ed Economia Dello Sport, 2(2), 77–122.
  • Grant, R. M. (2010). Contemporary strategy analysis. New York: John Wiley and Sons Ltd.
  • Green, M., & Houlihan, B. (2005). Elite sport development. Policy learning and political priorities. London: Routledge.
  • Henderson, R., & Mitchell, W. (1997). The interactions of organizational and competitive influences on strategy and performance. Strategic Management Journal, 18, 5–14. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199707)18:1+<5::AID-SMJ930>3.3.CO;2-9
  • Johnson, K. N., & Ali, A. (2002). A tale of two seasons: Participation and medal counts at the summer and winter Olympic Games. Retrieved February 15, 2003, from Wellesley College, Massachusetts website: http://www.wellesley.edu/economics/wkpapers/wellwp_0010.pdf
  • Kringstad, B., & Gerrard, M. (2004). The concepts of competitive balance and uncertainty of outcome. In G. T. Papanikos (Ed.), The economics and management of mega athletic events: Olympic Games, professional sports, and other essays (pp. 115–130). Athens: ATINER.
  • Maxcy, J., & Mondello, M. (2006). The impact of free agency on competitive balance in North American professional team sports leagues. Journal of Sport Management, 20, 345–365.
  • Montes, F., Sala-Garrido, R., & Usai, A. (2014). The lack of balance in the Spanish first division football league. European Sport Management Quarterly, 14(3), 282–298. doi: 10.1080/16184742.2014.898678
  • Oakley, B., & Green, M. (2001). The production of Olympic champions: International perspectives on elite sport development system. European Journal for Sport Management, 8, 83–105.
  • Otamendi, J., & Doncel, L. M. (2014). Medal shares in winter Olympic Games by sport: Socioeconomic analysis after Vancouver 2010. Social Science Quarterly, 95(2), 598–614. doi: 10.1111/ssqu.12055
  • Owen, P. D. (2013). Measurement of competitive balance and uncertainty of outcome. In J. Goddard & P. J. Sloane (Eds.), Handbook on the economics of professional football (pp. 41–59). Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Ramchandani, G., & Wilson, D. (2014). Historical and contemporary trends in competitive balance in the Commonwealth Games. RICYDE. Revista Internacional De Ciencias Del Deporte, 35, 75–88. doi: 10.5232/ricyde2014.03506
  • Rodriguez, C., Perez, L., Puente, V., & Rodriguez, P. (2012). The determinants of television audience for professional cycling: The case of Spain. Journal of Sports Economics, 16(1), 26–58. doi: 10.1177/1527002512471536
  • Sanderson, A. R. (2002). The many dimensions of competitive balance. Journal of Sports Economics, 3, 204–228. doi: 10.1177/152700250200300206
  • Sanderson, A. R., & Siegried, J. J. (2003). Thinking about competitive balance. Journal of Sports Economics, 4, 255–279. doi: 10.1177/1527002503257321
  • Shibli, S., Bingham, J., & Henry, I. (2007). Measuring the sporting success of nations. In I. Henry and the Institute of Sport and Leisure Policy (Eds.), Transnational and comparative research in sport (pp. 82–114). London/New York: Routledge.
  • Shibli, S., De Bosscher, V., van Bottenburg, M., & Westerbeek, H. (2013). Measuring performance and success in elite sport. In P. Sotiriadou & V. De Bosscher (Eds.), Managing high performance sport (pp. 30–44). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Shibli, S., Gratton, C., & Bingham, J. (2012). A forecast of the performance of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in the London 2012 Olympic Games. Managing Leisure, 17, 274–290. doi: 10.1080/13606719.2012.674399
  • Spanos, Y. E., & Lioukas, S. (2001). An examination into the causal logic of rent generation: Contrasting Porter’s competitive strategy framework and the resource-based perspective. Strategic Management Journal, 22, 907–934. doi: 10.1002/smj.174
  • Sport Industry Research Centre (SIRC). (2002). European sporting success. A study of the development of medal winning elites in five European countries (Final Report). Sheffield: Sport Industry Research Centre.
  • Szymanski, S. (2003). The economic design of sporting contests. Journal of Economic Literature, 41, 1137–1187. doi: 10.1257/jel.41.4.1137
  • Wernerfelt, B. (1984). A resource-based view of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 5(2), 171–180. doi: 10.1002/smj.4250050207
  • Williams, P. (2012). Any given Saturday: Competitive balance in elite English rugby union. Managing Leisure, 17, 88–105. doi: 10.1080/13606719.2012.674388
  • World Anti-Doping Agency. (2015). The independent commission report #1. Report of the independent commission investigation. Retrieved from https://www.wada-ama.org/en/resources/world-anti-doping-program/independent-commission-report-1
  • Zimbalist, A. S. (2002). Competitive balance in sports leagues: An introduction. Journal of Sports Economics, 3, 111–121. doi: 10.1177/152700250200300201

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.