Flag football participants in Mexico and NFL consumption

References

• Belson, K. (2014, August 31). The N.F.L.’s cultural juggernaut may risk market saturation. New York Times, p. 11.
   Google Scholar
• Breer, A. (2011). Despite the success internationally, NFL still has long way to go. NFL.com. Retrieved from http://www.nfl.com/news/story/09000d5d82317f83/article/despite-success-internationally-nfl-still-has-long-way-to-go
   Google Scholar
• Breer, A. (2012). Football in Olympics is a dream that could become a reality. NFL.com. Retrieved from http://www.nfl.com/news/story/09000d5d82acf42b/article/football-in-olympics-is-a-dream-that-could-become-a-reality
   Google Scholar
• Capella, M. E. (2002). Measuring sports fans’ involvement: The fan behavior questionnaire. Southern Business Review, 27(2), 30–36.
   Google Scholar
• Casper, J. M., & Menefee, W. C. (2010). Prior sport participation and spectator sport consumption: Socialization and soccer. European Sport Marketing Quarterly, 10(5), 595–611.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crepeau, R. C. (2014). NFL football: A history of America’s new national pastime. Urbana-Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dietz-Ihler, B., & Murrell, A. (1999). Examining fan reactions to game outcomes: A longitudinal study of social identity. Journal of Sport Behavior, 22(1), 15–27.
   Google Scholar
• Dietz-Uhler, B., Harick, A., End, C., & Jacquemotte, L. (2000). Sex differences in sport fan behavior and reasons for being a sport fan. Journal of Sport Behavior, 23(3), 219–231.
   Google Scholar
• Dosh, K. (2012, February 3). NFL may be hitting stride with female fans. ESPN W. Retrieved from http://espn.go.com/espnw/news-commentary/article/7536295/nfl-finding-success-targeting-women-fans-merchandise-fashion
   Google Scholar
• Ejiochi, I. (2014). How the NFL makes the most money of any pro sport. CNBC.com. Retrieved from http://www.cnbc.com/id/101884818
   Google Scholar
• El Universal. (2013, February 25). NFL impulsara el tocho bandera en Naucalpan. El Universal Estado de México. Retrieved from http://www.eluniversaledomex.mx/naucalpan/nota35023.html
   Google Scholar
• Fink, J. S., Trail, G. T., & Anderson, D. F. (2002). Environmental factors associated with spectator attendance and sport consumption behavior: Gender and team differences. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 11(1), 8–19.
   Google Scholar
• Greenwell, T. C., Fink, J. S., & Pastore, D. L. (2002). Perception of the service experience: Using demographic and psychographic variables to identify customer segments. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 11(4), 233–241.
   Google Scholar
• Guttmann, A. (1993). The diffusion of sport and the problem of cultural imperialism. In E. Dunning, J. Maguire, & R. Pearton (Eds.), The sports process: A comparative and developmental approach (pp. 125–138). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
   Google Scholar
• Gwinner, K. P., & Swanson, S. R. (2003). A model of fan identification: Antecedents and sponsorship outcomes. The Journal of Services Marketing, 17(3), 275–294.
   Google Scholar
• Hoffman, S. (2012). The NFL in Europe: International expansion and possibilities. The Jeffrey S. Moorad Center for the Study of Sports Law. Retrieved from http://lawweb2009.law.villanova.edu/sportslaw/?p=1076
   Google Scholar
• Hofstede, G. (1991). Organizations and cultures: Software of the mind. New York, NY: McGraw Hill.
   Google Scholar
• International Federation of American Football. (2016). Rules and regulations. Retrieved from http://ifaf.org/pages/documents
   Google Scholar
• James, J. D. (2002). Women’s and men’s basketball: A comparison of sport consumption motivations. Women in Sport & Physical Activity Journal, 11(2), 141–170.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, S., Greenwell, P. C., Andrew, D. P. S., Lee, J., & Mahony, D. F. (2008). An analysis of spectator motives in an individual combat sport: A study of mixed martial arts fans. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 17(2), 109–119.
   Google Scholar
• Kwon, H. H., Trail, G. T., & Anderson, D. F. (2005). Are multiple points of attachment necessary to predict cognitive, affective, conative, or behavioral loyalty? Sport Management Review, 8(3), 255–270.
   Google Scholar
• Larmer, B. (2005). Operation Yao Ming: The Chinese sports empire, American big business, and the making of an NBA superstar. New York: Gotham.
   Google Scholar
• Luhnow, D. (2014, March 4). Ratings war in Mexico pits Nielsen against TV giants Televisa and Azteca. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304450904579364711103563596
   Google Scholar
• Lundblad, J. P. (2003). A review and critique of Rogers’ diffusion of innovation theory as it applies to organizations. Organization Development Journal, 21(4), 50–64.
   Google Scholar
• MacQueen, J. B. (1967). Some methods for classification and analysis of multivariate observations. Proceedings of the 5th Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability, 1(14), 281–297.
   Google Scholar
• Maguire, J. (2015). Assessing the sociology of sport: On globalization and the diffusion of sport. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 50(4–5), 519–523.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marin, L., Ruiz, S., & Rubio, A. (2009). The role of identity salience in the effects of corporate social responsibility on consumer behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 84(1), 65–78.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marvez, A. (2014). NFL attempts to globalize football. Fox Sports. Retrieved from http://www.foxsports.com/nfl/story/Bjoern-Werner-Margus-Hunt-NFLs-priority-at-globalizing-American-football-051713
   Google Scholar
• McCabe, C. (2008). Gender effects on spectators’ attitudes toward WNBA basketball. Social Behavior and Personality, 36(3), 347–358.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Mooij, M. (2011). Consumer behavior and culture: consequences for global marketing and advertising (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Moschis, G. P. (1987). Consumer socialization. A Life-cycle perspective. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
   Google Scholar
• NFL Mexico Visits DC. (2012). Partners of the Americas. Retrieved from http://www.partners.net/partners/NFL_Mexico.asp
   Google Scholar
• Nunally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Octagon. (2009a). Octagon passion drivers research. Multicultural participation: Quantifying why fans are fans. London: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Octagon. (2009b). Octagon passion drivers research: Understanding golf fans. London: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Orellana, J. G. (2006). ¿Cuándo y por qué surgió el fútbol americano en México? EFdeportes Revista Digital. Retrieved from http://www.efdeportes.com/efd100/futam.htm
   Google Scholar
• Price, G. (2014, January 30). Super bowl 2014 ratings: How many countries will watch the American football game? International Business Times. Retrieved from http://www.ibtimes.com/super-bowl-2014-ratings-how-many-countries-will-watch-american-football-game-1551791
   Google Scholar
• Robinson, M. J., & Trail, G. T. (2005). Relationships among spectator gender, motives, points of attachment, and sport preference. Journal of Sport Management, 19(1), 58–80.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers, E. M. (1976). New product adoption and diffusion. Journal of Consumer Research, 2(4), 290–301.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations (5th ed.). New York: Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sandomir, R. (2014, February 3). The big picture, in any language. New York Times, p. D8.
   Google Scholar
• Show, J. (2009). Leagues aim to build next generation of fans. Sports Business Daily. Retrieved from http://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Journal/Issues/2009/08/20090817/SBJ-In-Depth/Leagues-Aim-To-Build-Next-Generation-Of-Fans.aspx?hl=flag%20football&sc=1
   Google Scholar
• Steenkamp, J. B. E., Hofstede, F. T., & Wedel, M. (1999). A cross-national investigation into the individual and national cultural antecedents of consumer innovativeness. The Journal of Marketing, 63(2), 55–69.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stokburger-Sauer, N., Ratneshwar, S., & Sen, S. (2012). Drivers of consumer–brand identification. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 29(4), 406–418.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stokburger-Sauer, N. E., & Teichmann, K. (2014). The relevance of consumer—brand identification in the team sport industry. Marketing Review St. Gallen, 31(2), 20–31.
   Google Scholar
• Stryker, S., & Serpe, R. T. (1994). Identity salience and psychological centrality: Equivalent, overlapping, or complementary concepts? Social Psychology Quarterly, 57(1), 16–35.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tajfel, H. (1981). Human groups and social categories: Studies in social psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1985). The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In S. G. Worchel & W. Austin (Eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations (2nd ed., pp. 7–24). Chicago, IL: Nelson-Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Trail, G. T., Anderson, D. F., & Fink, J. S. (2000). A theoretical model of sport consumer behavior. International Journal of Sport Management, 1(3), 154–180.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trail, G. T., Anderson, D. F., & Fink, J. S. (2002). Examination of gender differences in importance of and satisfaction with venue factors at intercollegiate basketball games. International Sports Journal, 6(1), 51–64.
   Google Scholar
• Trail, G. T., Robinson, M., Gillentine, A., & Dick, R. (2003). Motives and points of attachment: Fans versus spectators. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 12(4), 217–227.
   Google Scholar
• Wann, D. L. (2006). Understanding the positive social psychological benefits of sport team identification: The team identification-social psychological health model. Group Dynamics Theory Research and Practice, 10(4), 272–296.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wann, D. L., & Branscomb, N. R. (1993). Sports fans: Measuring degree of identification with their team. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 24(1), 1–17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wann, D. L., Melnick, M. J., Russell, G. W., & Pease, D. G. (2001). Sport fans: The psychology and social impact of spectators. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Wann, D. L., Schrader, M. P., & Adamson, D. R. (1998). The cognitive and somatic anxiety of sport spectators. Journal of Sport Behavior, 21(3), 322–337.
   Google Scholar
• The World Bank. (2016). GDP per capita (current US$). Retrieved from http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD
   Google Scholar
• Zapalac, R. K., Zhang, J. J., & Pease, D. G. (2010). Understanding women’s collegiate volleyball spectators from the perspectives of sociodemographic, market demand and consumption level. International Journal of Sport Marketing & Sponsorship, 11(4), 320–343.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Z., Won, D., & Pastore, D. L. (2005). The relationship between attitudes toward sponsorships and psychological attachment on purchasing intentions in intercollegiate athletics. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 14(3), 177–187.
   Google Scholar