417
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

The sky is the limit: a motivation and event attribute typology of trail runners

ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 70-89 | Received 19 Feb 2021, Accepted 27 Sep 2021, Published online: 20 Oct 2021

References

  • Allen, J., O'Toole, W., Harris, R., & McDonnell, I. (2008). Festival and special event management. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Barry, J., & Weinstein, A. (2009). Business psychographics revisited: From segmentation theory to successful marketing practice. Journal of Marketing Management, 25(3-4), 315–340. https://doi.org/10.1362/026725709X429773
  • Beritelli, P., Bieger, T., & Laesser, C. (2014). The new frontiers of destination management: Applying variable geometry as a function-based approach. Journal of Travel Research, 53(4), 403–417. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287513506298
  • Bichis-Lupas, M., & Moisey, R. N. (2001). A benefit segmentation of rail-trail users: Implications for marketing by local communities. Journal of Park & Recreation Administration, 19(3), 78–92.
  • Buning, R. J., & Gibson, H. J. (2016a). Exploring the trajectory of active-sport-event travel careers: A social worlds perspective. Journal of Sport Management, 30(3), 265–281. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2015-0213
  • Buning, R. J., & Gibson, H. J. (2016b). The role of travel conditions in cycling tourism: Implications for destination and event management. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 20(3-4), 175–193. https://doi.org/10.1080/14775085.2016.1155474
  • Chalip, L., & Costa, C. A. (2005). Sport event tourism and the destination brand: Towards a general theory. Sport in Society, 8(2), 218–237. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430430500108579
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Set correlation and contingency tables. Applied Psychological Measurement, 12(4), 425–434. https://doi.org/10.1177/014662168801200410
  • Cordente-Rodríguez, M., Mondéjar-Jiménez, J. A., & Villanueva-Álvaro, J. J. (2014). Sustainability of nature: The power of the type of visitors. Environmental Engineering & Management Journal (EEMJ), 13(10), 2437–2447. http://www.eemj.icpm.tuiasi.ro/pdfs/vol13/no10/Full/3_659_Cordente-Rodriguez_14.pdf https://doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2014.273
  • Crompton, J. L. (1979). Motivations for pleasure vacation. Annals of Tourism Research, 6(4), 408–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(79)90004-5
  • Dann, G. M. (1977). Anomie, ego-enhancement and tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 4(4), 184–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(77)90037-8
  • Doke, L. (2017, May 7). How trail running is blazing in South Africa: Rockhoppin Trail. Retrieved May 17, 2018, from http://rockhoppingtrail.run/2017/05/trail-running-blazing-south-africa/
  • Farias-Torbidoni, E. I., Urbaneja, J. S., Ferrer, R., & Dorado, V. (2018). Carreras de trail running y marchas por montaña en España. Número, evolución e incidencia sobre la Red Natura 2000. Pirineos, 177(e034), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3989/pirineos.2018.173001
  • Getz, D., & McConnell, A. (2014). Comparing trail runners and mountain bikers: Motivation, involvement, portfolios, and event-tourist careers. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 15(1), 69–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/15470148.2013.834807
  • Giampiccoli, A., Lee, S. S., & Nauright, J. (2015). Destination South Africa: Comparing global sports mega-events and recurring localized sports events in South Africa for tourism and economic development. Current Issues in Tourism, 18(3), 229–248. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2013.787050
  • Gnoth, J. (1997). Tourism motivation and expectation formation. Annals of Tourism Research, 24(2), 283–304. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(97)80002-3
  • Han, J. H., Nelson, C. M., & Kim, C. (2015). Pro-environmental behavior in sport event tourism: Roles of event attendees and destinations. Tourism Geographies, 17(5), 719–737. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2015.1084037
  • Harrison-Hill, T., & Chalip, L. (2005). Marketing sport tourism: Creating synergy between sport and destination. Sport in Society, 8(2), 302–320. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430430500102150
  • Hinch, T. D., Higham, J. E., & Moyle, B. D. (2016). Sport tourism and sustainable destinations: Foundations and pathways. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 20(3-4), 163–173. https://doi.org/10.1080/14775085.2016.1254139
  • Hodeck, A., & Hovemann, G. (2016). Motivation of active sport tourists in a German highland destination–a cross-seasonal comparison. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 20(3-4), 335–348. https://doi.org/10.1080/14775085.2016.1235988
  • Hodeck, A., Kuehnast, J., & Wohlfart, O. (2018). Comparing two types of nature sport (event) tourists in Germany based on travel motivation and behavior–the case of ski tourers vs trail runners. In The 26th European Sport Management Conference Managing Sport in a Changing Europe (Book of Abstracts) (pp. 203–205). Department of Sport Sciences, Malmo University, Malmo.
  • Hungenberg, E., Gray, D., Gould, J., & Stotlar, D. (2016). An examination of motives underlying active sport tourist behavior: A market segmentation approach. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 20(2), 81–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/14775085.2016.1189845
  • Iso-Ahola, S. E. (1980). Toward a dialectic social psychology of leisure and recreation. In S. E. Iso-Ahola (Ed.), Social psychological perspectives on leisure and recreation (pp. 19–37). Charles C. Thomas.
  • Iso-Ahola, S. E. (1983). Towards a social psychology of recreational travel. Leisure Studies, 2(1), 45–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614368300390041
  • Kaplanidou, K., & Gibson, H. J. (2010). Predicting behavioral intentions of active event sport tourists: The case of a small-scale recurring sports event. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 15(2), 163–179. https://doi.org/10.1080/14775085.2010.498261
  • Konu, H., Laukkanen, T., & Komppula, R. (2011). Using ski destination choice criteria to segment Finnish ski resort customers. Tourism Management, 32(5), 1096–1105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2010.09.010
  • Kotler, P., Bowen, J., & Makens, J. (2009). Marketing for hospitality & tourism (5th ed.). Prentice-Hall.
  • Kotler, P., Haider, D. H., & Rein, I. (1993). Marketing places. The Free Press.
  • Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607–610. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316447003000308
  • Kuschke, J. (2014, May 28). Are you tough enough? Redbull, 28 May. Retrieved January 14, 2021, from https://www.redbull.com/za-en/south-africa-s-toughest-endurance-races
  • Larson, D. J., & Won, D. (2012). Road cycling event preferences for racing cyclists. International Journal of Sports Marketing & Sponsorship, 13(2), 27–42. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSMS-13-02-2012-B004
  • Maditinos, Z., Vassiliadis, C., Tzavlopoulos, Y., & Vassiliadis, S. A. (2021). Sports events and the COVID-19 pandemic: Assessing runners’ intentions for future participation in running events–evidence from Greece. Tourism Recreation Research, 46(2), 276–287. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2020.1847422
  • McKay, T., McEwan, L., & Baker, M. (2019). The rise of the trail running in South Africa: Possibilities for small-scale sports tourism. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 26(3), 930–942. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.26320-408
  • Mowen, A. J., Graefe, A. R., & Williams, D. R. (1998). An assessment of activity and trail type as indicators of trail user diversity. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 16(1), 80–96.
  • Nakamura, J., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2014). The concept of flow: Flow and the foundations of positive psychology. Springer.
  • Nelson, C., Lynch, J., Vogt, C., & van der Woud, A. (2002). February). Use and users of the pere marquette railtrail in midland county michigan. Department of Park, Recreation and Tourism Resources: Michigan State University. https://www.americantrails.org/files/pdf/marquettetrailuse02.pdf
  • Newland, B. L., & Aicher, T. J. (2018). Exploring sport participants’ event and destination choices. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 22(2), 131–149. https://doi.org/10.1080/14775085.2018.1436464
  • Park, D. B., & Yoon, Y. S. (2009). Segmentation by motivation in rural tourism: A Korean case study. Tourism Management, 30(1), 99–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2008.03.011
  • Perdue, R. R. (1996). Target market selection and marketing strategy: The Colorado downhill skiing industry. Journal of Travel Research, 34(4), 39–46. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728759603400406
  • Perić, M., Dragičević, D., & Škorić, S. (2019). Determinants of active sport event tourists’ expenditure–the case of mountain bikers and trail runners. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 23(1), 19–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/14775085.2019.1623064
  • Perić, M., & Slavić, N. (2019). Event sport tourism business models: The case of trail running. Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal, 9(2), 164–184. https://doi.org/10.1108/SBM-05-2018-0039
  • Pesonen, J. A. (2012). Segmentation of rural tourists: Combining push and pull motivations. Tourism and Hospitality Management, 18(1), 69–82. https://doi.org/10.20867/thm.18.1.5
  • Plard, M., & Martineau, A. (2021, March 18). The trail-running community faces its biggest challenges yet. Retrieved June 10, 2021, from https://theconversation.com/the-trail-running-community-faces-its-biggest-challenges-yet-156260
  • Robillard, J. (2014). The ultimate guide to trail running and ultramarathons: Expert advice, and some humor, on training, competing, gummy bears, snot rockets, and more. Skyhorse Publishing.
  • Rodríguez-Marroyo, J. A., González-Lázaro, J., Arribas-Cubero, H. F., & Villa, J. G. (2018). Physiological demands of mountain running races. Kinesiology, 50(1), 60–66.
  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
  • Sarstedt, M., & Mooi, E. (2019). Concise guide to market research: The process, data, and methods using IBM SPSS statistics (3rd ed.). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
  • Scheer, V., Valero, D., Villiger, E., Rosemann, T., & Knechtle, B. (2021). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on endurance and ultra-endurance running. Medicina, 57(1), 52. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57010052
  • Seraphin, H. (2021). COVID-19: An opportunity to review existing grounded theories in event studies. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 22(1), 3–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/15470148.2020.1776657
  • Starnes, H. A., Troped, P. J., Klenosky, D. B., & Doehring, A. M. (2011). Trails and physical activity: A review. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 8(8), 1160–1174. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.8.8.1160
  • Stewart, B., Smith, A., & Nicholson, M. (2003). Sport consumer typologies: A critical review. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 12(4), 206–216. http://hdl.handle.net/10536/DRO/DU:30008625
  • The Outdoor Foundation & Montrail. (2010). A special report on Trail Running 2010. https://outdoorindustry.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/2010-A-Special-Report-on-Trail-Running1.pdf
  • TIBCO Statistica® 13.6.0. (2019). [computer software]. https://docs.tibco.com/products/tibco-statistica-13-6-0
  • Timothy, D. J., & Boyd, S. W. (2015). Tourism and trails: Cultural, ecological and management issues. Channel View Publications.
  • Tkaczynski, A., & Rundle-Thiele, S. R. (2011). Event segmentation: A review and research agenda. Tourism Management, 32(2), 426–434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2010.03.010
  • Torbidoni, E. I. F., Seguí Urbaneja, J., & Inglés Yuba, E. (2015). Profiling participants of sporting events in the natural environment: Trails running races. Sustainable development of sports tourism. Annals University Press.
  • Trauer, B., & Ryan, C. (2005). Destination image, romance and place experience- An application of intimacy theory in tourism. Tourism Management, 26(4), 481–491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2004.02.014
  • Yoshida, M. (2017). Consumer experience quality: A review and extension of the sport management literature. Sport Management Review, 20(5), 427–442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2017.01.002

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.