References
- Albert, Eleanor. 2015. “Christianity in China.” Accessed January 30, 2021. https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/christianity-china
- Aristotle. 1991. On Rhetoric: A Theory of Civic Discourse. Translated and edited by George A. Kennedy. New York: Oxford UP.
- Arruda, Glair Alonso. 2020. “The Impact of the Pandemic on the Conception of Poverty, Discourse, and Praxis of Christian Religious Communities in Brazil from the Perspective of Their Local Leaders.” International Journal of Latin American Religions 4 (2): 380–401. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s41603-020-00122-2.
- Association of Religion Data Archives. 2015a. “United Kingdom – Major World Religions.” Accessed January 30, 2021. https://www.thearda.com/internationalData/countries/Country_233_2.asp
- Association of Religion Data Archives. 2015b. “United States (General).” Accessed January 30, 2021. https://www.thearda.com/internationaldata/countries/country_234_1.asp
- Barbieri, William. 2001. “Beyond the Nations: The Expansions of the Common Good in Catholic Social Thought.” The Review of Politics 63 (4): 723–754. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0034670500032149.
- Barker, Margo, and Jean Russell. 2020. “Feeding the Food Insecure in Britain: Learning from the 2020 Covid-19 Crisis.” Food Security 12 (4): 865–870. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-020-01080-5.
- Berkmann, Burkhard J. 2020. “The Covid-19 Crisis and Religious Freedom: The Interaction between State and Church Norms in Germany, Especially in Bavaria.” Journal of Law, Religion and State 8 (2–3): 179–200. doi:https://doi.org/10.1163/22124810-2020013.
- Bingener, Reinhard, and Daniel Deckers. 2020. “Drohen jetzt die Wüstemjahre?” Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, May 17. Accessed January 30, 2021. https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/inland/wie-die-kirchen-die-corona-krise-zu-spueren-bekommen-16770073.html
- Bingener, Reinhard. 2020a. “Karfreitag in Corona-Zeiten. Zeit für informierte Nächstenliebe.” Frankurter Allgemeine Zeitung, April 11. Accessed January 30, 2021. https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/inland/hat-das-christentum-in-corona-zeiten-ausgedient-16717706.html
- Bingener, Reinhard. 2020b. “Kirche in Coronazeit. Heilige Messe im Autokino.” Frankurter Allgemeine Zeitung, April 10. Accessed January 30, 2021. https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/inland/kirche-in-coronazeiten-heilige-messe-im-autokino-16720544.html
- Buskirk, Christopher. 2020. “How Coronavirus Made our Church Stronger.” The New York Times, May 2. Accessed January 30, 2021. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/02/opinion/coronavirus-church-christianity.html
- Castaldo, Miriam. 2020. “Chiese cristiane cinesi e Covid-19 tra confinamenti, percezione del rischio e discriminazioni in Italia durante il lockdown.” Antropologia Pubblica [S.l.] 6 (2): 177–190. Accessed January 30, 2021. https://138.68.75.57/index.php/anpub/article/view/193.
- Cedillo, Christina Victoria. 2011. “Commonplace Divinity: Feminine Topoi in the Rhetoric of Medieval Women Mystics.” PhD diss., Texas A&M University.
- Centre for Communication and Public Opinion Survey. 2019. “Public Evaluation on Media Credibility. Survey Results.” Accessed January 30, 2021. http://www.com.cuhk.edu.hk/ccpos/en/research/Credibility_Survey%20Results_2019_ENG.pdf.
- Chan-Kyong, Park. 2020a. “Coronavirus: As 15 Cases Linked to Daegu Church Cluster, South Korea Warns Over Mass Gatherings.” The South China Morning Post, February 19. Accessed January 30, 2021. https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/health-environment/article/3051410/coronavirus-15-cases-linked-daegu-church-cluster-south.
- Chan-Kyong, Park. 2020b. “Coronavirus ‘Super Spreader’ at South Korean Church Cult Sparks Infection Fears in Saegu City.” The South China Morning Post, February 20. Accessed January 30, 2021. https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/health-environment/article/3051629/coronavirus-super-spreader-south-korean-church-cult.
- Deckers, Daniel. 2020. “Ende des Gottesdienstverbotes. Kirchen? Nicht systemrelevant!” Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, May 1. Accessed January 30, 2021. https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/inland/kirchen-systemrelevant-die-politik-sieht-das-anders-16749439.html
- Deckers, Daniel, and Thomas Jansen. 2020. “Seelsorge in der Coronakrise. Am Sonntag bleiben alle Kirchen leer.” Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, March 22. Accessed January 30, 2021. https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/inland/coronakrise-facebook-gottesdienste-und-telefonandachten-16688762.html
- Deguma, Jabin J., Melona C. Deguma, Jemima N. Tandag, and Harlene Marie B. Acebes. 2020. “Where is the Church in the Time of Covid-19 Pandemic: Preferring the Poor via G. Gutierrez’ 'Liberation' and the Catholic Church’s Social Teaching in the Philippine Setting (April 22, 2020).” Journal of Social and Political Sciences 3 (2): 363–374. doi:https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1991.03.02.175.
- Dias, Elizabeth. 2020. “A Sunday without Church: In Crisis, a Nation Asks, ‘What is community?’” The New York Times, March 15. Accessed January 30, 2021. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/15/us/churches-coronavirus-services.html
- dpa. 2020a. “Corona-Krise. Die Kirche muss jetzt kreativ werden.” Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, March 29. Accessed January 30, 2021. https://www.faz.net/aktuell/rhein-main/region-und-hessen/coronavirus-die-kirche-muss-jetzt-kreativ-werden-16701746.html
- dpa. 2020b. “Gottesdienst ohne Besucher. Karfreitag und Ostern ohne Kirchgang?” Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, April 6. Accessed January 30, 2021. https://www.faz.net/aktuell/gesellschaft/gesundheit/coronavirus/gottesdienst-ohne-besucher-karfreitag-und-ostern-ohne-kirchgang-16714451.html
- Entman, Robert. 2003. “Cascading Activation: Contesting the White House’s Frame after 9/11.” Political Communication 20 (4): 415–432. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10584600390244176.
- Entman, Robert. 1993. “Framing Bias: Media in the Distribution of Power.” Journal of Communication 43 (4): 51–58. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x.
- Forschungsgruppe Weltanschauungen in Deutschland. 2018. “Deutschland: Die Konfessionen.” Accessed January 30, 2021. https://fowid.de/meldung/deutschland-konfessionen
- Goldewijk, Berma Klein. 2007. Religion, International Relations and Development Cooperation. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers.
- González Gaitano, Norberto. 2010. Public Opinion and the Catholic Church. Rome: EDUSC.
- Guardian Staff. 2020. “The Guardian View on Closed Churches: A Necessary Sacrifice.” The Guardian. April 10. Accessed January 30, 2021. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/apr/10/the-guardian-view-on-closed-churches-a-necessary-sacrifice
- Guzek, Damian. 2019. Mediatizing Secular State: Media, Religion and Politics in Contemporary Poland. Berlin: Peter Lang.
- Herszenhorn, David, and Sarah Wheaton. 2020. “How Europe Failed the Coronavirus Test.” Politico. April 7. Accessed January 30, 2021. https://www.politico.eu/article/coronavirus-europe-failed-the-test/
- Ho, Janet. 2019. “Sensible Protesters Began Leaving the Protests’: A Comparative Study of Opposing Voices in the Hong Kong Political Movement.” Language & Communication 64: 12–24. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langcom.2018.09.001.
- Horowitz, Jason. 2020. “Fear of Coronavirus Leaves the Faithful Without Mass in Italy’s North.” The New York Times, March 1. Accessed 30 January 2021. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/01/world/europe/virus-italy-churches.html
- Kavlin, Sofia. 2017. “Understanding the Evolution of Political Cultures in France, England and USA.” Carleton Review of International Affairs 4 (1): 18. doi:https://doi.org/10.22215/cria.v4i0.1186.
- Knoblauch, Hubert. 2014. “Benedict in Berlin: The Mediatization of Religion.” In Mediatized Worlds, edited by Andreas Hepp and Friedrich Krotz, 143–158. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Koesel, Karrie J. 2014. Religion and Authoritarianism: Cooperation, Conflict, and the Consequences. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Koesel, Karrie J. 2017. “Religion and the Regime: Cooperation and Conflict in Contemporary Russia and China.” World Politics 69 (4): 676–712. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S004388711700017X.
- Koran, Mario. 2020. “California Megachurch Linked to Spread of More Than 70 Coronavirus Cases.” The Guardian, April 4. Accessed January 30, 2021. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/03/california-church-coronvirus-outbreak-sacramento
- Krippendorff, Klaus. 1980. “Validity in Content Analysis.” In Computerstrategien für die kommunikationsanalyse, edited by Ekkehard Mochmann, 69-112. Frankfurt, Germany: Campus. Accessed July 26, 2021. http://repository.upenn.edu/asc_papers/291
- Krzysztofek, Anna. 2015. “Reflections about the Notion of Responsibility.” Research Papers of Wrocław University of Economics 401: 220–232.
- Lau, Mimi. 2020a. “Coronavirus: Secretive South Korean Church Linked to Outbreak Held Meetings in Wuhan until December.” The South China Morning Post, February 25. Accessed January 30, 2021. https://www.scmp.com/news/china/politics/article/3052322/coronavirus-secretive-south-korean-church-linked-outbreak-held
- Lau, Mimi. 2020b. “Coronavirus: Wuhan Shincheonji Member says Church Followed Quarantine Rules.” The South China Morning Post, March 4. Accessed January 31, 2021. https://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/3064766/coronavirus-wuhan-shincheonji-member-says-church-followed
- Luckmann, Thomas. 2003. “Transformations of Religion and Morality in Modern Europe.” Social Compass 50 (3): 275–285. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/00377686030503002.
- Luscombe, Richard. 2020. “The US Churches and Pastors Ignoring ‘Stay-At-Home’ Orders.” The Guardian, April 5. Accessed December 30, 2021. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/05/coronavirus-churches-florida-social-distancing
- Makortoff, Kalyeena. 2020. “Church Fund Chief Coronavirus will Renew Calls for Responsible Capitalism.” The Guardian, March 22. Accessed January 30, 2021. https://www.theguardian.com/business/2020/mar/22/church-fund-chief-says-coronavirus-will-renew-calls-for-responsible-capitalism
- Maritain, Jacques. 1994. The Person and the Common Good. Notre-Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.
- Matthes, Jörg. 2009. “What’s in a Frame? A Content Analysis of Media Framing Studies in the World’s Leading Communication Journals, 1990-2005.” Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 86 (2): 349–367. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/107769900908600206.
- McCaulley, Esau. 2020. “The Christian Response to the Coronavirus: Stay Home.” The New York Times, March 14. Accessed January 30, 2021. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/14/opinion/coronavirus-church-close.html
- McDermott, John. 1986. “The Christologies of Karl Rahner.” Gregorianum 67 (1): 87–123.
- McIntyre, Lee. 2018. Post-Truth. Cambridge, MA; London, UK: MIT Press.
- Mitnik, Zachary, Joshua Freilich, and Steven Chermak. 2020. “Post-9/11 Coverage of Terrorism in the New York Times.” Justice Quarterly 37 (1): 161–185. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2018.1488985.
- Moore, Russell. 2020. “God Doesn’t Want us to Sacrifice the Old.” The New York Times, March 26. Accessed January 30, 2021. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/26/opinion/coronavirus-elderly-vulnerable-religion.html
- Parks, Perry. 2019. “Naturalizing Negativity: How Journalism Textbooks Justify Crime, Conflict, and “Bad” News.” Critical Studies in Media Communication 36 (1): 75–91. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/15295036.2018.1533990.
- Pérez, Montse Quesada. 2015. “El Cambio Climático en la Prensa Europea: Discurso Editorial en El País, Le Monde, the Guardian and Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung.” Estudios Sobre el Mensaje Periodístico 21 (1): 523–539.
- Pfeifer, Hanna, Christian Opitz, and Anna Geis. 2021. “Deliberating Foreign Policy: Perceptions and Effects of Citizen Participation in Germany.” German Politics 30 (4): 485–502. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09644008.2020.1786058.
- Pleyers, Geoffrey. 2020. “The Pandemic is a Battlefield. Social Movements in the Covid-19 Lockdown.” Journal of Civil Society 16 (4): 295–312. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/17448689.2020.1794398.
- Plüss, Jean-Daniel. 2020. “Covid-19, the Church, and the Challenge to Ecumenism.” Transformation 37 (4): 286–296. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0265378820961545.
- Pullano, Giulia, Francesco Pinotti, Eugenio Valdano, Pierre-Yves Boëlle, Chiara Poletto, and Vittoria Colizza. 2020. “Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Early-Stage Importation Risk to Europe, January 2020.” Euro Surveillance 25 (4): 2000057. doi:https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.4.2000057.
- Rončáková, Terézia. 2012. “Mass Media Coverage of Religious Topics: Understanding Topoi in Religious and Media Arguments.” In Christian Churches in Post-Communist Slovakia: Current Challenges and Opportunities, edited by M. Valčo and D. Slivka, 457–484. Salern: Center for Religion and Society, Roanoke College.
- Rösmann, Tobias. 2020a. “Aufgrund der Corona-Krise. Kirchen fürchten Einnahmeverluste.” Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, April 29. Accessed January 30, 2021. https://www.faz.net/aktuell/rhein-main/region-und-hessen/aufgrund-corona-krise-kirchen-fuerchten-einnahmeverluste-16745992.html
- Rösmann, Tobias. 2020b. “Frankfurter Baptisten-Gemeinde. Wie eine Glaubensgemeinschaft zum Corona-Hotspot wurde.” Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, May 24. Accessed January 30, 2021. https://www.faz.net/aktuell/rhein-main/frankfurt/frankfurt-wie-eine-glaubensgemeinschaft-zum-corona-hotspot-wurde-16783837.html
- Rösmann, Tobias. 2020c. “Kirche in Zeiten von Corona. Seelsorge aus der Halbdistanz.” Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, March 22. Accessed January 30, 2021. https://www.faz.net/aktuell/gesellschaft/gesundheit/coronavirus/wie-ein-pfarrer-aus-hofheim-das-beste-aus-der-corona-krise-macht-16690778.html
- Rüb, Matthias. 2020. “Segen vom Papst. Tiefe Finsternis hat sich auf unsere Plätze, Straßen und Städte gelegt.” Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, March 27. Accessed January 30, 2021. https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/ausland/corona-papst-franziskus-erteilt-urbi-et-orbi-segen-16700121.html
- Sareło, Zbigniew. 2018. “Ślad Mistyki Żydowskiej w Transcendentalnej Antropologii Karla Rahnera.” Studia Europaea Gnesnensia 17 (17): 85–96. doi:https://doi.org/10.14746/seg.2018.17.5.
- Scher, Isaac. 2020. “The First Covid-19 Case Originated on November 17, According to Chinese Officials Searching for ‘Patient Zero’.” The Business Insider, March 13. Accessed January 30, 2021. https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-patients-zero-contracted-case-november-2020-3?IR=T
- Schwartländer, Johannes. 1973. “Verantwortung.” In Handbuch Philosophischer Grundbegriffe, edited by Hermann Krings, Hans Michael Baumgartner and Christoph Wild, 1577–1588. München: Kösel-Verlag.
- Soetevent, Adriaan R. 2005. “Anonymity in Giving in a Natural Context – A Field Experiment in 30 Churches.” Journal of Public Economics 89 (11–12): 2301–2323. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2004.11.002.
- Stijn, Joye, Heinrich Ansgard, and Romy Wöhlert. 2016. “50 Years of Galtung and Ruge: Reflections on Their Model of News Values and Its Relevance for the Study of Journalism and Communication Today.” CM Komunikacija i Mediji 36 (11): 5–28.
- Stokes, Erin K., Laura D. Zambrano, Kayla N. Anderson, Ellyn P. Marder, Kala M. Raz, Suad El Burai Felix, Yungfen Tie, and Kathleen E. Fullerton. 2020. “Coronavirus Disease 2019 Case Surveillance – United States, January 22–May 30.” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 69 (24): 759–765. Accessed 30 January 2021. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7302472/pdf/mm6924e2.pdf. doi:https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6924e2.
- Studnicki, Piotr. 2016. “L'immagine del padre di famiglia nella stampa: l'analisi del" detto" e del" non detto.” PhD diss., Pontifical University of Santa Croce.
- Studnicki, Piotr. 2018. “Less Oedipus, More Telemachus: The Framing of Fatherhood in International Press.” Church, Communication and Culture 3 (2): 152–173. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/23753234.2018.1477515.
- Szczepaniak, Maciej. 2004. “Il Giubileo e la stampa: analisi dell'informazione apparsa sulla stampa internazionale sul Grande Giubileo dell'anno 2000.” PhD diss., Pontifical University of Santa Croce.
- Tridente, Giovanni. 2009. La Morte ei Funerali di Giovanni Paolo II Nella Stampa Italiana: analisi Qualitativa di un Evento Mediatico. Città del Vaticano: Libreria editrice vaticana.
- Tsang, Denise. 2020. “Hong Kong Churches Adapt to Coronavirus Fears by Live-Streaming Services, with Some Cancelling other Activities.” The South China Morning Post, February 1. Accessed January 30, 2021. https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/society/article/3048522/hong-kong-churches-adapt-wuhan-coronavirus-fears-live
- Udoidem, Sylvanus Iniobong. 1987. “What is the Common Good.” Law & Justice: Christian Law Review 94: 99–107.
- Waisbord, Silvio. 2018. “Truth is What Happens to News: On Journalism, Fake News, and Post-Truth.” Journalism Studies 19 (13): 1866–1878. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2018.1492881.
- Wodak, Ruth. 2008. “‘Us’ and ‘Them’: Inclusion and Exclusion – Discrimination via Discourse.” In Identity, Belonging and Migration, edited by Gerard Delanty, Ruth Wodak, and Paul Jones, 54–76. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.
- Yee, Vivian. 2020. “In a Pandemic, Religion can be a Balm and a Risk.” The New York Times, March 22. Accessed January 30, 2021. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/22/world/middleeast/coronavirus-religion.html
- Yeon-Soo, Kwak. 2020. “K-Pop Stars Ivy, Gummy, Tei and Chungha Deny Affiliation with South Korean Church Linked to Coronavirus Spread.” The South China Morning Post, March 5. Accessed January 30, 2021. https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/entertainment/article/3065118/k-pop-stars-ivy-gummy-tei-and-chungha-deny-links-south