Herbivory and leaf traits of two tree species from different successional stages in a tropical dry forest

References

• Endara MJ, Coley PD. The resource availability hypoth- 520 esis revisited: a meta-analysis. 2011). ‎Funct Ecol. 2011;25(2):389–398.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fonseca MB, Silva JO, Falcão LA, et al. Leaf damage and functional traits along a successional gradient in Brazilian tropical dry forests. Plant Ecol. 2018;219(4):403–415. .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chauvin KM, Asner GP, Martin RE, et al. Decoupled dimensions of leaf economic and anti-herbivore defense strategies in a tropical canopy tree community. Oecologia. 2018;186(3):765–782. .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coley PD, Bryant JP, Chapin FS. Resource availability and plant anti-herbivore defense. Science. 1985;230(4728):895–899.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lande R. Adaptation to an extraordinary environment by evolution of phenotypic plasticity and genetic assimilation. J Evol Biol. 2009;22(7):1435–1446.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falcão HM, Medeiros CD, Silva BL, et al. Phenotypic plasticity and ecophysiological strategies in a tropical dry forest chronosequence: a study case with Poincianella pyramidalis. For Ecol Manage. 2015;340:62–69.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poorter L, Van de Plassche M, Willems S, et al. Leaf traits and herbivory rates of tropical tree species differing in successional status. Plant Biol. 2004;6(6):746–754. .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Defossez E, Pellissier L, Rasmann S. The unfolding of plant growth form‐defence syndromes along elevation gradients. Ecol Lett. 2018;21(5):609–618.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright IJ, Reich PB, Westoby M, et al. The worldwide leaf economics spectrum. Nature. 2004;428(6985):821–827. .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westoby M, Wright I. Land-plant ecology on the basis of functional traits. Trends Ecol Evol. 2006;21(5):261–268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poorter L, Bongers F. Leaf traits are good predictors of plant performance across rain forest species. Ecology. 2006;87(7):1733–1743.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laughlin DC. The intrinsic dimensionality of plant traits and its relevance to community assembly. J Ecol. 2013;102(1):186–193.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chazdon RL, Guariguata MR. Natural regeneration as a tool for large-scale forest restoration in tropics: prospects and challenges. Biotropica. 2016;48(6):716–730.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martínez-Garza C, Pena V, Ricker M, et al. Restoring tropical biodiversity: leaf traits predict growth and survival of late-successional trees in early-successional environments. For Ecol Manage. 2005;217(2–3):365–379. .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gal C, Evsb S, JS A-C. Spatial structure and aboveground biomass in different caatinga succession stages, in Santa Terezinha, Paraiba. Revista Brasileira De Geografia Física. 2013;6:566–574.
   Google Scholar
• Violle C, Navas ML, Vile D, et al. Let the concept of trait be functional! Oikos. 2007;116(5):882–892. .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karban R, Shiojiri K, Ishizaki S. Plant communication–why should plants emit volatile cues? J Plant Interact. 2011;6(2–3):81–84.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fürstenberg-Hägg J, Zagrobelny M, Bak S. Plant defense against insect herbivores. Int J Mol Sci. 2013;14:10242–10297.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vendramini F, Díaz S, Gurvich DE, et al. Leaf traits as indicators of resource-use strategy in flora with succulent species. New Phytol. 2002;154(1):147–157. .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright IJ, Cannon K. Relationships between leaf lifespan and structural defences in a low-nutrient, sclerophyll flora. Funct Ecol. 2001;15(3):351–359.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer S, Cerovic ZG, Goulas Y, et al. Relationships between optically assessed polyphenols and chlorophyll contents, and leaf mass per area ratio in woody plants: a signature of the carbon-nitrogen balance within leaves? Plant Cell Environ. 2006;29(7):1338–1348. .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jg H, Montserrat-Martí G, Charles M, et al. Is leaf dry matter content a better predictor of soil fertility than specific leaf area?. Ann Bot. 2011;108(7):1337–1345.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diaz S, Hodgson JG, Thompson K, et al. The plant traits that drive ecosystems: evidence from three continents. J Veg Sci. 2004;15(3):295–304. .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katabuchi M, Kurokawa H, Davies SJ, et al. Soil resource availability shapes community trait structure in a species-rich dipterocarp forest. J Ecol. 2012;100(3):643–651. .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuldt A, Bruelheide H, Durka W, et al. Plant traits affecting herbivory on tree recruits in highly diverse subtropical forests. Ecol Lett. 2012;15(7):732–739. .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Solos. Sistema brasileiro de classificação de solos. 2 ª ed Rio de Janeiro (RJ): Embrapa solos; 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Lyra-Neves RM, Telino-Júnior WR. Aves da Fazenda Tamanduá. 1ª ed. Vinhedo: Avis Brasilis; 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Freitas ADS, Sampaio EVSB, Silva BLR, et al. How much nitrogen is fixed by biological symbiosis in tropical dry forests? Nutr Cycl Agroecosystems. 2012;2(2–3):181–192. .
   Google Scholar
• Hermuche PM, Felfili JM. Relação entre NDVI e florística em fragmentos de floresta estacional decidual no Vale do Paranã, Goiás. Cienc Florest. 2011;21(1):41–52.
   Google Scholar
• Maia-Silva C, Silva CID, Hrncir M, et al. Guia de plantas visitadas por abelhas da caatinga. 1ª ed. Fortaleza: Fundação Brasil Cidadão; 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Castello ACD, Pereira ASS, Simões AO, et al. Aspidosperma in Flora do Brasil em construção. 2019 - [ Cited 2019 Sept 19]. Available in: http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/floradobrasil/FB15551.
   Google Scholar
• WS R. ImageJ. Bethesda, Maryland (USA): US National Institutes of Health; 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Perez-Harguindeguy N, Diaz S, Garnier E, et al. New handbook for standardised measurement of plant functional traits worldwide. Aust J Bot. 2013;61:167–234.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garnier E, Shipley B, Roumet C, et al. A standardized protocol for the determination of specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content. Funct Ecol. 2001;15(5):688–695.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witkowski ETF, Lamont BB. Leaf specific mass confounds leaf density and thickness. Oecologia. 1991;88(4):486–493.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas RL, Sheard RW, Moyer JR. Comparison of conventional and automated procedures for Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium analysis of plant material using a single digestion 1. Agron J. 1967;59(3):240–247.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy J, Riley JP. A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters. Anal Chim Acta. 1962;27:31–36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva CS, Silva-Filho FC, Santos AD, et al. Manual das análises químicas de solos, plantas e fertilizantes. Brasilia (DF): Embrapa Informação Tecnológica; 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Amorim ELC, Nascimento JE, Monteiro JM, et al. A simple and accurate procedure for determination of tannin and flavonoid levels and some applications in Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology. Funct Ecosyst Comm. 2008;2:88–94.
   Google Scholar
• R Development Core Team. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2015. Accessed September 2019. http://www.R-project.org
   Google Scholar
• Fitopac SGJ. Versão 2.1. São Paulo (SP): departamento de Botânica, Universidade Estadual de Campinas; 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Filip V, Dirzo R, Maass JM, et al. Within-and among-year variation in the levels of herbivory on the foliage of trees from a Mexican tropical deciduous forest. Biotropica. 1995;27(1):78–86. .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aquino RE, Falcão HM, Almeida-Cortez JS. Variations in the concentrations of phenolic compounds and herbivory rates in Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart. in disturbed Caatinga’s áreas. J Environ Anal Prog. 2017;2(1):61–71.
   Google Scholar
• González-Esquivel JG, Cuevas-Reyes P, González-Rodríguez A, et al. Functional attributes of two Croton species in different successional stages of tropical dry forest: effects on herbivory and fluctuating asymmetry patterns. Trop Ecol. 2019;60(2):1–14. .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kost C, Tremmel M, Wirth R. Do leaf cutting ants cut undetected? Testing the effect of Ant-Induced plant defences on foraging decisions in Atta colombica. PLoS One. 2011;6(7):1–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dirzo R, Boege K. Patterns of herbivory and defence in tropical dry and rain forest. In: Carson WP, Schnitzer SA, editors. Tropical forest community ecology. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell; 2008. p. 63–78.
   Google Scholar
• Dourado ACP, Sa-Neto RJ, Gualberto SA, et al. Herbivoria e características foliares em seis espécies de plantas da Caatinga do nordeste brasileiro. R Bras Bioci. 2016;14(3):145–151.
   Google Scholar
• Lohbeck M, Poorter L, Lebrija-Trejos E, et al. Successional changes in functional composition contrast for dry and wet tropical forest. Ecology. 2013;94(6):1211–1216. .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Derroire G, Powers JS, Hulshof CM, et al. Contrasting patterns of leaf trait variation among and within species during tropical dry forest succession in Costa Rica. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):285. .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shipley B, Vile D, Garnier E, et al. Functional linkages between leaf traits and net photosynthetic rate: reconciling empirical and mechanistic models. Funct Ecol. 2005;19(4):602–615.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Firn J, McGree JM, Harvey E, et al. Leaf nutrients, not specific leaf area, are consistent indicators of elevated nutrient inputs. Nat Ecol Evol. 2019;3(3):400–406. .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kitajima K, Llorens AM, Stefanescu C. How cellulose-based leaf toughness and lamina density contribute to long leaf lifespans of shade-tolerant species. New Phytol. 2012;195(3):640–652.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coley PD, Endara MJ, Kursar TA. Consequences of interspecific variation in defenses and herbivore host choice for the ecology and evolution of Inga, a speciose rainforest tree. Oecologia. 2018;187(2):361–376.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garibaldi LA, Kitzberger T, Chaneton EJ. Environmental and genetic control of insect abundance and herbivory along a forest elevational gradient. Oecologia. 2011;167(1):117–129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alvarez‐Añorve MY, Quesada M, Sánchez‐Azofeifa GA, et al. Functional regeneration and spectral reflectance of trees during succession in a highly diverse tropical dry forest ecosystem. Am J Bot. 2012;99(5):816–826. .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stiling P, Moon DC. Quality or quantity: the direct and indirect effects of host plants on herbivores and their natural enemies. Oecologia. 2005;142(3):413–420.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neves FS, Silva JO, Espírito‐Santo MM, et al. Insect herbivores and leaf damage along successional and vertical gradients in a tropical dry forest. Biotropica. 2014;46(1):14–24. .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vieira AL. 2018. Effect of a dry forest regeneration on the diversity of litter arthropods [master’s thesis]. Recife (PE): Federal Rural University of Pernambuco.
   Google Scholar
• Silva JO, Espírito-Santo MM, Melo GA. Herbivory on Handroanthus ochraceus (Bignoniaceae) along a successional gradient in a tropical dry forest. Arthropod Plant Interact. 2012;6(1):45–57.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reich PB, Oleksyn J, Wright IJ. Leaf phosphorus influences the photosynthesis–nitrogen relation: a cross-biome analysis of 314 species. Oecologia. 2009;160(2):207–212.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu SD, Song JJ, Li RH, et al. Plant hydraulics and photosynthesis of woody species from different successional stages of subtropical forests. Plant Cell Environ. 2013;36(4):879–891. .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cartelat A, Cerovic ZG, Goulas Y, et al. Optically assessed contents of leaf polyphenolics and chlorophyll as indicators of nitrogen deficiency in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Field Crops Res. 2005;91(1):5–49. .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dyer LA, Singer MS, Lill JT, et al. Host specificity of Lepidoptera in tropical and temperate forests. Nature. 2007;448(7154):96–699. .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massad TJ, Dyer LA. A meta-analysis of the effects of global environmental change on plant-herbivore interactions. Arthropod Plant Interact. 2010;4(3):181–188.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aboshi T, Ishiguri S, Shiono Y, et al. Flavonoid glycosides in Malabar spinach Basella alba inhibit the growth of Spodoptera litura larvae. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2018;82(1):9–14. .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meloni F, Lopes NP, Varanda EM. The relationship between leaf nitrogen, nitrogen metabolites and herbivory in two species of Nyctaginaceae from the Brazilian Cerrado. Environ Exp Bot. 2012;75:268–276.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva JO, Espírito-Santo MM, Morais HC. Leaf traits and herbivory on deciduous and evergreen trees in a tropical dry forest. Basic Appl Ecol. 2015;16(3):210–219.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Njovu HK, Peters MK, Schellenberger CD, et al. Leaf traits mediate changes in invertebrate herbivory along broad environmental gradients on Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. J Anim Ecol. 2019;88(11):1777–1788.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar