Influence of predator density in foraging behavior and microhabitat choice on litter-dwelling scorpions

References

• Werner EE, Anholt BR. Predator‐induced behavioral indirect effects: consequences to competitive interactions in anuran larvae. Ecology. 1996;77(1):157–169.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson EH, Matthews CE, Rosenheim JA. Predators reduce prey population growth by inducing changes in prey behavior. Ecology. 2004;85(7):1853–1858.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cresswell W. Non-lethal effects of predation in birds. Ibis. 2008;150(1):3–17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown JS, Laundré JW, Gurung M. The ecology of fear: optimal foraging, game theory, and trophic interactions. J Mammal. 1999;80(2):385–399.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Křivan V, Schmitz OJ. Trait and density mediated indirect interactions in simple food webs. Oikos. 2004;107(2):239–250.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preisser EL, Bolnick DI, Hector A. The many faces of fear: comparing the pathways and impacts of nonconsumptive predator effects on prey populations. PLoS One. 2008;3(6):2465.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lira AFA, Souza AM, Filho ACS, et al. Spatio-temporal microhabitat use by two co-occurring species of scorpions in Atlantic rainforest in Brazil. Zoology. 2013;116(3):182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dionisio-da-Silva W, Lira AFA, Albuquerque CMR. Prey-predator interactions between two intraguild predators modulate their behavioral decisions. Acta Ethol. 2019;22(3):195–201.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmitz OJ. Effects of predator hunting mode on grassland ecosystem function. Science. 2008;319(5865):952–954.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holt RD, Polis GA. A theoretical framework for intraguild predation. Am Nat. 1997;149(4):745–764.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polis GA, Myers CA, Holt RD. The ecology and evolution of intraguild predation: potential competitors that eat each other. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst. 1989;20:297–330.
   Google Scholar
• Polis GA, McCormick SJ. Patterns of resource use and age structure among species of desert scorpion. J Anim Ecol. 1986;55(1):59–73.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polis GA, McCormick SJ. Intraguild predation and competition among desert scorpions. Ecology. 1987;68(2):332–343.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kondoh M. Building trophic modules into a persistent food web. Pnas. 2008;105(43):16631–16635.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stouffer DB, Bascompte J. Understanding food‐web persistence from local to global scales. Ecol Lett. 2010;13(2):154–161.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan D, Cantrell RS. Avoidance behavior in intraguild predation communities: a cross-diffusion model. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems – A. 2015;35(4):1641–1663.
   Google Scholar
• Brownell P, Polis GA. Scorpion biology and research. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Moreno-González JA, Hazzi NA. Intraguild predation case: Tityus forcipula Gervais, 1843 (Scorpiones, Buthidae) feeding on Chactas vanbenedeni Gervais, 1843 (Scorpiones, Chactidae) in Colombia. Rev Ibér Aracnol. 2012;20:117–120.
   Google Scholar
• Lira AFA, DeSouza AM, Albuquerque CMR. Report of intraguild predation and cannibalism in scorpions (Scorpiones: Buthidae) in the Brazilian Atlantic forest. North-Western J Zool. 2017;13(2):356–358.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urbani P, Ramos-Jiliberto R. Adaptive prey behavior and the dynamics of intraguild predation systems. Ecol Modell. 2010;221(22):2628–2633.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sánchez-Piñero F, Urbano-Tenorio F. Watch out for your neighbor: climbing onto shrubs is related to risk of cannibalism in the scorpion Buthus cf. Occitanus PLoS One. 2016;11(9):1–18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lira AFA, DeSouza AM, Albuquerque. Environmental variation and seasonal changes as determinants of the spatial distribution of scorpions (Arachnida: Scorpiones) in neotropical forests. Can J Zool. 2018;96(9):963–972.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feitosa MLB, Dionisio-da-Silva W, Lira AFA, et al. Fear as an enemy? Behavioral changes of Ananteris mauryi (Scorpiones: Buthidae) triggered by chemical cues from an intraguild predator. Can J Zool. 2022;100(8):488–493.
   Google Scholar
• Lima DA. Estudos Fitogeográficos de Pernambuco. An Acad Pernamb Ciênc Agro. 2007;4:243–274.
   Google Scholar
• APAC. Agência Pernambucana de Águas e Clima. Last accessed: May 2017. http://www.apac.pe.gov.br/.
   Google Scholar
• Lira AFA, Foerster SAI, Silva-Filho AAC. Reports of scorpion predation by spiders in the Brazilian Atlantic forest and Caatinga (Arachnida: Scorpiones, Araneae). Rev Ibér Aracnol. 2016;28:87–89.
   Google Scholar
• Lira AFA, Araújo VLN, Albuquerque CMR. Predation of a scorpion (Scorpiones: Buthidae) by an assassin bug (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) in the Brazilian Atlantic forest. Turk J Zool. 2016;40:294–296.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dionisio-da-Silva W, Lira AFA. Record of Ananteris mauryi (Scorpiones: Buthidae) preyed upon by Ectatomma planidens (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest. Entomol News. 2019;128(5):497–503.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cloudsley-Thompson CL. Microclimates and the distribution of terrestrial arthropods. Annu Rev Entomol. 1962;7(1):199–222.
   Google Scholar
• Lourenço WR. Humiculous scorpions: on the genera Ananteris Thorell, 1891 and microananteris Lourenço, 2004 (Scorpiones: Buthidae), with the description of a new species from French Guiana. C R Biol. 2012;335(8):555–561.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lourenço WR. Comments on the Ananterinae Pocock, 1900 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) and description of a new remarkable species of Ananteris from Peru. C R Biol. 2015;338(2):134–139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheriff MJ, Peacor SD, Hawlena D, et al. Non‐consumptive predator effects on prey population size: a dearth of evidence. J Anim Ecol. 2020;89(6):1302–1316.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okuyama T. The role of antipredator behavior in an experimental community of jumping spiders with intraguild predation. Pop Ecol. 2018;44(2):121–125.
   Google Scholar
• Nisani Z, Honaker A, Jenne V, et al. Evidence of airborne chemoreception in the scorpion Paruroctonus marksi (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae). J Arachnol. 2018;46(1):40–44.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar