Prevalence of PTSD, Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Correctional Officers: A Systematic Review

References

• APA, A. P. A. (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: APA Press.
   Google Scholar
• APA, A. P. A. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders Fifth Edition (DSM 5). Washington, DC: APA Press.
   Google Scholar
• Boudoukha, A. H., Altintas, E., Rusinek, S., Fantini-Hauwel, C., & Hautekeete, M. (2013). Inmates-to-staff assaults, PTSD and burnout: Profiles of risk and vulnerability. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 28(11), 2332–2350. doi:10.1177/0886260512475314
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourbonnais, R., Jauvin, N., Dussault, J., & Vézina, M. (2007). Psychosocial work environment, interpersonal violence at work and mental health among correctional officers. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 30(4–5), 355–368. doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2007.06.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brough, P., & Williams, J. (2007). Managing occupational stress in a high-risk industry: Measuring the job demands of correctional officers. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 34(4), 555–567. doi:10.1177/0093854806294147
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brower, J. (2013). Correctional officer wellness and safety literature review. Retrieved from Washington, DC: https://nicic.gov/correctional-officer-wellness-and-safety-literature-review
   Google Scholar
• Butler, H. D., Tasca, M., Zhang, Y., & Carpenter, C. (2019). A systematic and meta-analytic review of the literature on correctional officers: Identifying new avenues for research. Journal of Criminal Justice, 60, 84–92. doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2018.12.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carey, M. G., Al-Zaiti, S. S., Dean, G. E., Sessanna, L., & Finnell, D. S. (2011). Sleep problems, depression, substance use, social bonding, and quality of life in professional firefighters. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine/American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 53(8), 928.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carleton, R. N., Afifi, T. O., Turner, S., Taillieu, T., Duranceau, S., LeBouthillier, D. M., … Groll, D. (2018). Mental disorder symptoms among public safety personnel in Canada. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 63(1), 54–64. doi:10.1177/0706743717723825
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheek, F. E., & Miller, M. D. S. (1983). The experience of stress for correction officers: A double-bind theory of correctional stress. Journal of Criminal Justice, 11(2), 105–120. doi:10.1016/0047-2352(83)90046-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corneil, W., Beaton, R., Murphy, S., Johnson, C., & Pike, K. (1999). Exposure to traumatic incidents and prevalence of posttraumatic stress symptomatology in urban firefighters in two countries. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 4(2), 131. doi:10.1037/1076-8998.4.2.131
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Costello, E., Bogue, J. E., Sarma, K., & McGuire, B. E. (2015). Chronic pain in Irish prison officers: Profile and predictors of pain-related disability and depression. Pain Medicine, 16(12), 2292–2301. doi:10.1111/pme.12822
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cougle, J. R., Resnick, H., & Kilpatrick, D. G. (2009). Does prior exposure to interpersonal violence increase risk of PTSD following subsequent exposure? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47(12), 1012–1017. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.07.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Day, J. C., Brauer, J. R., & Butler, H. D. (2015). Coercion and social support behind bars: Testing an integrated theory of misconduct and resistance in US prisons. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 42(2), 133–155. doi:10.1177/0093854814546352
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denhof, M. D., & Spinaris, C. G. (2016). Prevalence of trauma-related health conditions in correctional officers: A profile of michigan corrections organization members. Retrieved from http://desertwaters.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/MCO-Paper_FINAL.pdf. Accessed January 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Denhof, M. D., Spinaris, C. G., & Morton, G. R. (2014). Occupational stressors in corrections organizations: Types, effects and solutions. Washington, DC: National Institute of Corrections. Retrieved from https://info.nicic.gov/nicrp/system/files/028299. pdf Jan 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Dowden, C., & Tellier, C. (2004). Predicting work-related stress in correctional officers: A meta-analysis. Journal of Criminal Justice, 32(1), 31–47. doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2003.10.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drury, A. J., & DeLisi, M. (2011). Gangkill: An exploratory empirical assessment of gang membership, homicide offending, and prison misconduct. Crime & Delinquency, 57(1), 130–146. doi:10.1177/0011128708325051
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dückers, M. L., Alisic, E., & Brewin, C. R. (2016). A vulnerability paradox in the cross-national prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder. The British Journal of Psychiatry, bjp. bp. 115.176628. 209, 300–305. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.176628
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finney, C., Stergiopoulos, E., Hensel, J., Bonato, S., & Dewa, C. S. (2013). Organizational stressors associated with job stress and burnout in correctional officers: A systematic review. BMC Public Health, 13(1), 82. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fulton, J. J., Calhoun, P. S., Wagner, H. R., Schry, A. R., Hair, L. P., Feeling, N., … Beckham, J. C. (2015). The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder in Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) Veterans: A meta-analysis. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 31, 98–107. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.02.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garg, A. X., Hackam, D., & Tonelli, M. (2008). Systematic review and meta-analysis: When one study is just not enough. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 3(1), 253–260. doi:10.2215/CJN.01430307
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gates, M. A., Holowka, D. W., Vasterling, J. J., Keane, T. M., Marx, B. P., & Rosen, R. C. (2012). Posttraumatic stress disorder in veterans and military personnel: Epidemiology, screening, and case recognition. Psychological Services, 9(4), 361. doi:10.1037/a0026143
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldberg, P., David, S., Landre, M. F., Goldberg, M., Dassa, S., & Fuhrer, R. (1996). Work conditions and mental health among prison staff in France. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 22, 45–54. doi:10.5271/sjweh.108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffin, M. L., Hogan, N. L., Lambert, E. G., Tucker-Gail, K. A., & Baker, D. N. (2010). Job involvement, job stress, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment and the burnout of correctional staff. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 37(2), 239–255. doi:10.1177/0093854809351682
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Härenstam, A., Palm, U.-B., & Theorell, T. (1988). Stress, health and the working environment of Swedish prison staff. Work & Stress, 2(4), 281–290. doi:10.1080/02678378808257489
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IOM  (Institute of Medicine). (2011). Finding what works in health care: Standards for systematic reviews. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
   Google Scholar
• IsHak, W. W., Wen, R. Y., Naghdechi, L., Vanle, B., Dang, J., Knosp, M., … Eskander, L. (2018). Pain and depression: A systematic review. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 26(6), 352–363. doi:10.1097/HRP.0000000000000198
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koenen, K., Ratanatharathorn, A., Ng, L., McLaughlin, K., Bromet, E., Stein, D., … Scott, K. (2017). Posttraumatic stress disorder in the world mental health surveys. Psychological Medicine, 47(13), 2260–2274. doi:10.1017/S0033291717000708
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konda, S., Reichard, A. A., & Tiesman, H. M. (2012). Occupational injuries among US correctional officers, 1999–2008. Journal of Safety Research, 43(3), 181–186. doi:10.1016/j.jsr.2012.06.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konda, S., Tiesman, H., Reichard, A., & Hartley, D. (2013). U.S. correctional officers killed or injured on the job. Corrections Today, 75(5), 122–123.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kunst, M. J., Bogaerts, S., & Winkel, F. W. (2009). Peer and inmate aggression, type D‐personality and post‐traumatic stress among Dutch prison workers. Stress and Health: Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress, 25(5), 387–395. doi:10.1002/smi.1247
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambert, E. G., Hogan, N. L., & Allen, R. I. (2006). Correlates of correctional officer job stress: The impact of organizational structure. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 30(2), 227–246. doi:10.1007/BF02885893
   Google Scholar
• Lambert, E. G., Hogan, N. L., & Griffin, M. L. (2007). The impact of distributive and procedural justice on correctional staff job stress, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Journal of Criminal Justice, 35(6), 644–656. doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2007.09.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavigne, É., & Bourbonnais, R. (2010). Psychosocial work environment, interpersonal violence at work and psychotropic drug use among correctional officers. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 33(2), 122–129. doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2009.12.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linton, S. J., & Bergbom, S. (2011). Understanding the link between depression and pain. Scandinavian Journal of Pain, 2(2), 47–54. doi:10.1016/j.sjpain.2011.01.005
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liu, L., Hu, S., Wang, L., Sui, G., & Ma, L. (2013). Positive resources for combating depressive symptoms among Chinese male correctional officers: Perceived organizational support and psychological capital. BMC Psychiatry, 13(1), 89. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-13-89
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin, M., Marchand, A., Boyer, R., & Martin, N. (2009). Predictors of the development of posttraumatic stress disorder among police officers. Journal of Trauma and Dissociation, 10(4), 451–468. doi:10.1080/15299730903143626
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. PLoS Medicine, 6(7), e1000097. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munn, Z., Moola, S., Riitano, D., & Lisy, K. (2014). The development of a critical appraisal tool for use in systematic reviews addressing questions of prevalence. International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 3(3), 123. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2014.71
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Obidoa, C., Reeves, D., Warren, N., Reisine, S., & Cherniack, M. (2011). Depression and work family conflict among corrections officers. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 53(11), 1294–1301. doi:10.1097/JOM.0b013e3182307888
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Outcalt, S. D., Ang, D. C., Wu, J., Sargent, C., Yu, Z., & Bair, M. J. (2014). Pain experience of Iraq and Afghanistan veterans with comorbid chronic pain and posttraumatic stress. Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development, 51(4), 559–573. doi:10.1682/JRRD.2013.06.0134
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Perrin, M. A., DiGrande, L., Wheeler, K., Thorpe, L., Farfel, M., & Brackbill, R. (2007). Differences in PTSD prevalence and associated risk factors among world trade center disaster rescue and recovery workers. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164(9), 1385–1394. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.06101645
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaufeli, W. B., & Peeters, M. C. (2000). Job stress and burnout among correctional officers: A literature review. International Journal of Stress Management, 7(1), 19–48. doi:10.1023/A:1009514731657
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi, L., Wang, L., Jia, X., Li, Z., Mu, H., Liu, X., … Fan, L. (2017). Prevalence and correlates of symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder among Chinese healthcare workers exposed to physical violence: A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 7(7), e016810. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016810
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorensen, J. R., Cunningham, M. D., Vigen, M. P., & Woods, S. (2011). Serious assaults on prison staff: A descriptive analysis. Journal of Criminal Justice, 39(2), 143–150. doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2011.01.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spinaris, C. G., Denhof, M. D., & Kellaway, J. A. (2012). Posttraumatic stress disorder in United States corrections professionals: Prevalence and impact on health and functioning. Retrieved from http://desertwaters.com/wpcontent/uploads/2013/09/PTSD_Prev_in_Corrections_09-03-131.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Tsirigotis, K., Gruszczyński, W., & Pęczkowski, S. (2015). Anxiety and styles of coping with occupational stress resulting from work with ‘dangerous’ prisoners in prison service officers. Acta Neuropsychiatrica, 27(5), 297–306. doi:10.1017/neu.2015.31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO, W. H. O. (2017). Depression and other common mental disorders: Global estimates. Retrieved from Geneva: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/254610/WHOMSD?sequence=1
   Google Scholar
• Wolff, N., Shi, J., & Bachman, R. (2008). Measuring victimization inside prisons: Questioning the questions. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 23(10), 1343–1362. doi:10.1177/0886260508314301
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar